Methods of divination
Methods of divination can be found around the world, and many cultures practice the same methods under different names. During the Middle Ages, scholars coined terms for many of these methods—some of which had hitherto been unnamed—in Medieval Latin, very often utilizing the suffix -mantia when the art seemed more mystical and the suffix -scopia when the art seemed more scientific. Names like drimimantia, nigromantia, and horoscopia arose, along with other pseudosciences such as phrenology and physiognomy.
Some forms of divination are much older than the Middle Ages, like haruspication, while others originated in the 20th and 21st centuries.
The chapter "How Panurge consulteth with Herr Trippa" of Gargantua and Pantagruel, a parody on occult treatises of Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, contains a list of over two dozen "mancies", described as "common knowledge".
A
- abacomancy : by dust
- acultomancy : by needles
- acutomancy → see
- adromancy → see
- adryomancy→ see
- aeromancy : by atmospheric conditions
- agalmatomancy : by statues
- aichmomancy : by sharp objects
- ailuromancy/aeluromancy → see
- alectormancy/alectromancy : by rooster sacrifice
- alectryomancy/alectoromancy: by rooster divination → see
- aleuromancy¹ : by flour; see also
- alomancy/Halomancy : by salt
- alphitomancy: by barley
- alveromancy : by sounds
- amathomancy → see by sand
- ambulomancy : by walking
- amniomancy : by placenta
- anemoscopy/anemomancy : by wind
- anthomancy : by flowers
- anthracomancy : by burning coals
- anthropomancy : by human sacrifice
- anthroposcopy : by physical appearance
- apantomancy : by chance encounters with animals
- arachnomancy : by spiders
- archeomancy/archaeomancy : by sacred relics
- ariolation : by altars
- arithmancy: assigning numerical value to a word or phrase
- armomancy : by one's own shoulders
- aruspicina: study of entrails
- aspidomancy : by sitting in a drawn circle or on a shield (Greek aspis
B
- batraquomancy/batrachomancy : by frogs
- belomancy/bolomancy : by arrows
- bibliomancy → see
- biorhythmic divination: by biorhythms
- bletonism/bletonomancy : by [water current
- bolomancy → see
- botanomancy : by burning sage or figs
- brizomancy → see
- brontomancy/brontoscopy : by thunder
- bumpology : by bumps on the skin
C
- cabala → see
- canomancy or : by dogs
- capnomancy : by smoke
- * libanomancy : by smoke or ash from incense
- carromancy : by melting wax
- cartopedy → see
- cartomancy → see
- catoptromancy/captromancy → see
- causimancy/causimomancy : by burning
- cephalomancy → see
- cephaleonomancy/cephalonomancy: by boiling a donkey's head
- ceraunoscopy : by thunder and lightning
- ceromancy/ceroscopy : by dripping wax in water
- chalcomancy: by striking gongs or copper bowls
- chaomancy : by aerial visions
- chartomancy : by things on paper
- * cartomancy : by cards
- ** taromancy/tarotmancy : by tarot
- * stichomancy : by books or lines
- ** aleuromancy² : by fortune cookies
- ** bibliomancy : by the Bible
- ** I Ching divination: by the I Ching or the accompanying I Ching manual
- ** stoicheomancy/stoichomancy: by the Iliad and the Odyssey or the Aeneid
- cheiromancy/chiromancy→ see
- cheirognomy/chirognomy → see
- italic=unset → see
- choriomancy : by pig bladders
- chresmomancy : by the ravings of lunatics
- chronomancy : by apt occasion
- cineromancy/ceneromancy → see
- clamancy : by random shouts and cries heard in crowds, at night, etc.
- cledonism/cledonomancy : by chance events or overheard words
- cleidomancy/clidomancy : by keys
- cleromancy : by casting
- * astragalomancy/astragalamancy : by dice
- * domino divination: by dominoes
- * favomancy : by beans
- * Ogham casting: by Ogham letters
- * runecasting/runic divination
- cometomancy : by comet tails
- colormancy/coloromancy: by colors
- conchomancy : by shells
- cosquinomancy/coscinomancy : by hanging sieves
- cottabomancy/cottobomancy : by wine in a brass bowl
- craniognomy or → see
- the crawling baby: by a baby's crawling
- crithomancy/critomancy : by barley cakes
- cromnyomancy/cromniomancy : by onion sprouts
- cryptomancy : by omens
- cryomancy : by ice
- crystal ball gazing → see
- crystal gazing → see
- crystallomancy → see
- cubomancy → see
- cyathomancy : by cups
- cybermancy : by computer oracles
- cyclicomancy : by swirling water in a cup
- cyclomancy or : by wheels
D
- dactyliomancy : by finger rings
- dactylomancy : by means of finger movements
- daphnomancy : by burning laurel wreaths
- demonomancy : by demons
- dendromancy : by trees, especially oaks, yews, or mistletoe
- deuteroscopy : by second glance or double take
- dictiomancy : by randomly opening a dictionary
- divining → see
- djubed→ see
- italic=unset: by animal horoscope
- domino divination → see
- dowsing : by a divining rod
- dracomancy : by dragons
- dream questions: by dreaming
- dririmancy/driromancy : by dripping blood
- drimimancy/drymimancy : by bodily fluids
E
- electromancy: by lightning and electricity
- eleomancy/elaeomancy: by oil
- emonomancy → see
- empirimancy: by experiment/experience
- empyromancy : by burning
- encromancy: by oil ink stains
- enochian chess: by playing a four·handed variant of the game
- enoptromancy → see
- enthusiasm: speeches by those supposed to be possessed by a divine spirit
- entomomancy/entomancy: by insects
- eromancy : by water vessels exposed to air — cf. aeromancy
- extispicy/extispication : by the remains of sacrificed animals
F
- favomancy → see
- felidomancy → see
- feng shui → see
- floriography/floromancy : by flowers' feelings
- fractomancy : by fractals
- fructomancy/fructimancy: by fruit
G
- galvanoscopy : by galvanism
- gastromancy¹ → see
- gastromancy² : by guttural sounds
- geomancy : by earth
- * feng Shui divination: by Feng Shui
- geloscopy : by laughter
- gematria: by the Hebrew alphabet
- genethlialogy: by birth dates
- grammomancy : by writing individual letters
- graphology : by studying handwriting
- graptomancy → see
- gyromancy : by dizziness
H
- hagiomancy: by saints
- halomancy → see
- italic=unset: by bones or dice
- haruspicy/haruspication → see
- hematomancy/haematomancy : by blood
- hepatoscopy/hepatomancy : by liver
- hieromancy/hieroscopy : by studying sacrifices' entrails
- hippomancy → see
- horoscopy : aspect of the Stars at nativity
- hydatomancy: by rainwater
- hydromancy/hydroscopy → see
- hyomancy: by wild hogs
- hypnomancy : by sleep
I
- I Ching divination → see
- ichnomancy : by footprints
- ichthyomancy → see
- iconomancy : by icons
- idolomancy : by idols
- idromancy → see
- ifá: geomancy patterns generated with palm nuts, opele, cowrie shells, etc... that refer to Ifa divination texts; a collection of Odu Ifa verses
- iridology: by eye color
- isopsephy: by numbers and letters
J
- italic=unset Vedic system of astrology
K
- kabbalah/qabalah/cabala: by the Kabbalah
- : by bamboo
- italic=unset: by rice gruel
- kephalonomancy → see
- keraunomancy → see
- knissomancy : by incense
- kypomancy → see
L
- labiomancy : by lips
- lampadomancy : by flame
- lecanomancy/lecanoscopy : by a basin of water
- letnomancy: by secrets
- libanomancy → see and
- literomancy : by a letter in a written language
- lithomancy : by gems or stones
- logarithmancy : by logarithms
- logomancy : by words
- lots: divination through chance, or the drawing or tossing of lots
- lunamancy → see
- lychnomancy : by candles
M
- macharomancy: by swords or knives
- macromancy : by large objects
- maculomancy : by spots on the skin
- mahjong divination: by Mahjong tiles
- margaritomancy : by bouncing pearls
- mathemancy : by mathematics
- mazomancy : by nursing
- meconomancy : by sleeping
- megapolisomancy: by large cities
- meilomancy: by moles
- metagnomy or : by magic
- meteormancy : by meteors
- meteoromancy : by thunder and lightning
- metoposcopy/metopomancy : by the lines of the forehead
- micromancy : by small objects
- moleosophy or : by blemishes
- molybdomancy : by molten metal
- moromancy : by foolishness
- myomancy → see
- myrmomancy → see
N
- narcomancy : by sleep
- natimancy → see
- necromancy¹ : by speaking to the dead, by corpses
- necyomancy : by summoning damned souls
- nephomancy : by clouds
- nigromancy : by black magic
- nomancy or → see
- notarikon/netrikon: by initials
- nggàm → see
- numerology : by numbers
- numismatomancy: by coins
O
- oculomancy : by eyes
- odontomancy : by teeth
- oenomancy/oinomancy : by wine
- ololygmancy : by the howling of dogs
- omoplatoscopy → see
- omphalomancy : by navels
- oneiromancy/oneiroscopy : by dreams
- onimancy → see
- onomancy/onomomancy/nomancy : by letters in a name
- onomomancy → see
- onychomancy/onymancy/onimancy : by finger· and toenails
- onymancy → see
- oomancy/ooscopy : by eggs
- ophidiomancy/ophiomancy → see
- ophthalmomancy → see
- organoscopy → see
- orniscopy/ornithomancy → see
- oromancy: by mountains
- oryctomancy: by minerals
- ossomancy → see
- osteomancy: by bones
- Ouija/Ouije: by ouija board
- ouranomancy → see
- ovomancy → see
P
- pallomancy: by pendulums
- palmistry/palm reading → see
- papyromancy: by folding paper, especially paper money
- pedomancy → see
- pegomancy: by fountains
- pessomancy: by pebbles
- pecthimancy/petchimancy: by brushed cloth
- phobomancy: by feelings of fear
- photomancy: by fields of light
- phrenology : by the configuration of one's brain
- phyllomancy: by leaves
- * sycomancy: by fig leaves
- * tasseography/tasseomancy : by tea leaves or coffee grounds
- phyllorhodomancy: by rose petals
- physiognomy/physiognomancy: by faces
- phytognomy: by the appearance of plants
- plastromancy: by cracks formed by heat on a turtle's plastron
- pilimancy: by observing the patterns produced by a collection of human hair
- plumbomancy: by observing shapes molten lead makes when poured in water
- pneumancy: by blowing
- podomancy/pedomancy → see
- poe divination: by throwing stones on the floor, practised at Taoist temples
- italic=unset : study of natural phenomena
- psephomancy: by lots or ballots
- pseudomancy: by false means, such as
- psychognomy: by phrenological notations
- psychomancy → see ¹
- ptarmoscopy/ptarmoscopie: from ancient Greek the interpretation of sneezes
- pyromancy/pyroscopy: by fire
Q
- qabalah → see
R
- radiesthesia: by rods, pendulums, or other cylindrical tools
- retromancy: by looking over one's shoulder
- rhabdomancy/rabdomancy: by rods, sticks, or wands
- rhapsodomancy: by poetry
- roadomancy: by constellations
- rumpology → see
- runecasting → see
S
- scapulimancy/scapulomancy : by bovine or caprid shoulder blades
- scarpomancy: by old shoes
- scatomancy: by excrement
- schematomancy → see
- sciomancy¹ : by shadows
- sciomancy²: by spirits
- scrying: by gazing
- * crystal gazing: by reflective objects
- ** catoptromancy/captromancy : by mirrors
- ** gastromancy¹ : by crystal ball
- ** hydromancy : by water
- selenomancy: by the moon
- shadowmancy → see ¹
- Shufflemancy: by the use of an electronic media player such as an electronic playlist, iPod, or other medium wherein one skips a certain number of songs and the lyrics and/or tune of the song is the answer to the divinatory question
- sideromancy: by burning straw with an iron
- : by drawing sixteen lines in sand
- skatharomancy: by beetle tracks
- slinneanachd/slinnanacht: by animal shoulder blades
- solaromancy: by the sun (Latin
T
- taromancy → see
- tasseography/tasseomancy → see
- technomancy: by [technology
- temurah: → see
- tephramancy/tephromancy: → see
- theomancy: foretelling events, prophecy
- theriomancy : : by animal behavior n peasant girls using chicken for divination. A 19th·century lubok.
- * ailuromancy/aeluromancy : by cats
- * alectryomancy/alectoromancy : by rooster behavior
- * augury: by bird formations
- * hippomancy : by horse behavior
- * ichthyomancy : by fish behavior
- * myomancy : by rodent behavior
- * myrmomancy : by ant behavior
- * nggàm: by spider or crab behavior
- * ophidiomancy/ophiomancy: by snakes behavior
- * orniscopy/ornithomancy : by bird migration
- thumomancy : by one's own soul, presage
- topomancy : by geography and geological formations
- transataumancy: by things accidentally seen or heard
- trochomancy : by wheel ruts
- turifumy: by shapes in smoke
- tyromancy/tiromancy : by cheese
U
- umbilicomancy: by umbilical cords
- umbromancy: by shade
- uranomancy/ouranomancy: by the sky
- uromancy/urimancy: by urine
- urticariaomancy: by itches
V
- videomancy: by films
W
- water witching → see
- wishbone → see
X
- xenomancy: by strangers
- xylomancy: by the shape or texture of wood, or the appearance of burning wood
Y
- ydromancy¹ → see
- ydromancy² → see
Z
- zoomancy → see
- zygomancy: by weights