The first large wave of Melkite immigration from the Middle East to the United States took place in the late 19th century, and the first American Melkite church was established in the 1890s. Because there was no diocesan structure for Melkites in the United States at the time, Melkite parishes were individually under the jurisdiction of the local Latin Church diocesan bishop.
Apostolic exarchate
As the Melkite presence in the United States reached 70 years, the Holy See erected an apostolic exarchate on January 10, 1966 to serve the needs of Melkite Catholics in the country, with the title Apostolic Exarchate of United States of America, Faithful of the Oriental Rite . Archmandrite Justin Najmy, pastor of St. Basil the Great Church in Central Falls, Rhode Island, was designated as the first Exarch by Pope Paul VI on January 27, 1966. The appointment of Najmy as exarch at first drew protest from the Melkite patriarch Maximos IV, because he and the Synod of the Melkite Church had chosen a different candidate, and the appointment, decided by the Sacred Congregation for the Eastern Churches, made the new Exarch subject to the Holy See, and only responsible to the Patriarch and the Synod in liturgical matters. After Bishop Najmy's death in 1968, controversy about the appointment of Melkite bishops in the United States resumed. Patriarch Maximos V appointed an administrator for the exarchate, against the wishes of the Sacred Congregation for the Eastern Churches, and he and the Synod contended that the Vatican II Decree on the Eastern Churches had cancelled previous church law, under which appointments were made exclusively by the Pope. Archbishop Joseph Tawil, the Patriarchal Vicar of Damascus, was appointed Najmy's successor in October 1969, in a procedure the Patriarch described as a compromise.
Eparchy
On June 28, 1976, the Exarchate was elevated to the status of an eparchy. with the title Eparchy of Newton, and Archbishop Tawil became the first Eparch.
Structure
The seat of the Eparchy is Our Lady of the Annunciation Cathedral in the West Roxbury section of Boston. The Eparchy is named for the Boston suburb of Newton, where its offices and the bishop's residence were formerly located. In 2015, Pope Francis designated Saint Anne Church in Los Angeles as a co-cathedral. The eparchy has jurisdiction over all the Melkite faithful in the United States, and there are parishes in twenty states. In 2013 there were 24,000 Melkite Catholics in 43 parishes. According to a research study published in Sociology of Religion, there were approximately 120,000 Melkites residing in the country in 1986, although only about 24,000 were formally enrolled in Melkite parishes.
Seminary program
In 1975, Archbishop Tawil founded a seminary program for the eparchy, after the Basilian Salvatorian Fathers closed their program in Methuen. Students received instruction from clergy of the eparchy and also from the Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology. The next year the eparchy purchased a house in Newton Centre, Massachusetts as a residence for its seminarians, and named it St. Gregory Seminary. The seminary building was destroyed by fire in approximately 2000. Seminarians are now trained at the Byzantine Catholic Seminary of SS. Cyril and Methodius in Pittsburgh. Following ancient Christian tradition the eparchy counts among its clergy both celibate and married priests and deacons.
