Megaminx
The Megaminx or Mégaminx is a dodecahedron-shaped puzzle similar to the Rubik's Cube. It has a total of 50 movable pieces to rearrange, compared to the 20 movable pieces of the Rubik's Cube.
History
The Megaminx, or Magic Dodecahedron, was invented by several people independently and produced by several different manufacturers with slightly different designs. Uwe Mèffert eventually bought the rights to some of the patents and continues to sell it in his puzzle shop under the Megaminx moniker. It is also known by the name Hungarian Supernova, invented by Dr. Cristoph Bandelow. His version came out first, shortly followed by Meffert's Megaminx. The proportions of the two puzzles are slightly different.Description
The Megaminx is made in the shape of a dodecahedron, and has 12 faces and center pieces, 20 corner pieces, and 30 edge pieces. The face centers each have a single color, which identifies the color of that face in the solved state. The edge pieces have two colors, and the corner pieces have three. Each face contains a center piece, 5 corner pieces and 5 edge pieces. The corner and edge pieces are shared with adjacent faces. The face centers can only rotate in place, but the other pieces can be permuted by twisting the face layer around the face center.There are two main versions of the Megaminx: one with 6 colors, with opposite faces having the same color, and one with 12 different colors. The 12-color Megaminx is the only type legal in official WCA competitions, and is therefore much more popular than the 6-color version.
The objective of the puzzle is to scramble the colors, and then restore it to its original state of having one color per face.
Solutions
The 6-color Megaminx comes with an additional challenge which is not immediately obvious. Its edge pieces come in visually identical pairs, because of the duplicated colors of opposite faces. However, although visually indistinguishable, they are nevertheless mathematically bound in a parity relationship. In any legal position, there is always an even number of swapped pairs of edges. However, since swaps may be between visually identical edges, one may find that having solved almost the entire puzzle, one is left with a pair of swapped edges that seems to defy all attempts to exchange them. The solution is to swap a single pair of 'identical' edges to resolve the parity issue, and then restore the rest of the puzzle.This property is absent in the 12-color Megaminx, because all its edges are distinguishable, and it would be immediately obvious that there is another pair of swapped edges besides the pair one is working with.
Besides solving a Megaminx the regular way, patterns can be made on it just like a Rubik's Cube. Examples of these include a star, checkerboard, and pentagon in a pentagon patterns.
Variations
There are many similar puzzles with different numbers of layers, most of which change the "mega" in the puzzle's name to another metric prefix. They are the Kilominx, Master Kilominx, Gigaminx, Elite Kilominx, Teraminx, 8×8 Kilominx, Petaminx, Examinx, Zettaminx, and Yottaminx. The highest order mass-produced variant of the Megaminx is the Examinx, which was released by ShengShou in the end of May 2020, and the highest order variant of the Megaminx ever made to date is the Yottaminx, created by Matt Bahner using 3D printing. The Yottaminx was revealed in November 2014. It is the dodecahedral equivalent to a 15×15×15 Rubik's cube.Alexander's Star is equivalent to solving only the edges of a six-color Megaminx.
The Impossiball is equivalent to solving only the corners of a Megaminx and is available with either six or twelve colors.
The Pyraminx Crystal is a modified Megaminx with deeper turning planes.
Tony Fisher has produced a shape modification of the Megaminx into a cube form which he called the Hexaminx. Another variant is the Holey Megaminx, which has no center pieces, like the Void Cube. It is being produced by Mèffert as of July 2009. Other variants include the Flowerminx, Megaminx Ball, and Crazy Megaminx.
Number of combinations
Both versions of the Megaminx have 20 corners and 30 edges. In both cases, only even permutations are possible, regardless of the position of the other set of pieces. Thus, while it is possible to have a single pair of corners and a single pair of edges swapped on a Rubik's Cube, this is impossible on the Megaminx. There are 20!/2 ways to arrange the corners and 319 ways to orient them, since the orientation of the last corner depends on that of the preceding ones. There are 30!/2 ways to arrange the edges and 229 ways to flip them.The full number is 100 669 616 553 523 347 122 516 032 313 645 505 168 688 116 411 019 768 627 200 000 000 000.
The corners are distinguishable on a 6-color Megaminx because two corners with the same three colors will be mirror images of each other. There are 15 pairs of identical edges. It would not be possible to swap all 15 pairs, since this would be an odd permutation of the edges, so a reducing factor of 214 is applied to the preceding figure.
The full number is 6 144 385 775 971 883 979 645 753 925 393 402 415 081 061 792 664 780 800 000 000 000.
For the larger size variations, the general number of combinations is where respectively for megaminx, gigaminx, teraminx, petaminx, etc. The number of combinations evaluates to for gigaminx, for teraminx, for petaminx, for examinx, for zettaminx, for yottaminx, etc.
Records
The world record time for a Megaminx solve is 27.81 seconds, set by Juan Pablo Huanqui of Peru on 28 July 2018 at CubingUSA Nationals 2018, in Salt Lake City, Utah.The world record average of five solves is 30.39 seconds, also set by Huanqui on 11 August 2019 at Wuxi Open 2019 in Wuxi, Jiangsu, China, with the times of 30.12,,, 29.97, and 31.07 seconds.
Top 5 solvers by single solve[World Cube Association] https://www.worldcubeassociation.org/results/events.php?eventId=minx®ionId=&years=&show=100%2BPersons&single=Single Official Megaminx Ranking Single
| Name | Fastest solve | Competition |
| Juan Pablo Huanqui | 27.22s | La Tienda Cubera Christmas 2019 |
| Amos Nordman | 28.84s | Helsinki Open 2020 |
| Nicolas Naing | 29.22s | CubingUSA Nationals 2019 |
| Yu Da-Hyun | 30.12s | CWR Winter 2018 |
| Phillip Lewicki | 30.36s | Burke Mountain Fall 2019 |
Top 5 solvers by average of 5 solves[World Cube Association] https://www.worldcubeassociation.org/results/events.php?eventId=minx®ionId=&years=&show=100%2BPersons&average=Average Official Megaminx Ranking Average
| Name | Fastest average | Competition |
| Juan Pablo Huanqui | 30.39s | Wuxi Open 2019 |
| Yu Da-Hyun | 32.03s | CWR Winter 2018 |
| Nicolas Naing | 32.47s | CubingUSA Nationals 2019 |
| Amos Nordman | 32.48s | Minx C-Open-hagen 2020 |
| Alexei Sinyavin | 35.54s | Bridgeport Side Events 2019 |