The specific name, robiniae, is derived from the name Robinia, which is the generic name of the blacklocust tree, Robinia pseudoacacia, on which the larvae feed. The name Robinia was coined by Linnaeus to honor the royal French gardeners :fr:Jean Robin |Jean Robin and :fr:Vespasien Robin|Vespasien Robin.
Description
From a distance, M. robiniae can easily be mistaken for a wasp or bee. It can also be mistaken for two closely related species: M. caryae and M. decora. The adult beetle ca be long, and it has a W-shaped third stripe on the elytra. The antennae of both sexes are dark brown. The male's antennae are two-thirds its body length, and the female's are one-half. The legs are reddish brown.
Geographic range and habitat
Because there has been increasing use of R. pseudoacacia as an ornamental tree, the range of M. robiniae has expanded along with that of the tree. The beetle can be found almost anywhere that unprotected black locust trees grow, and the beetle is often more abundant when Solidago, commonly called goldenrod, is also present. Because of the adults' floral preferences, they tend to stay in uncultivated fields and meadows.
The females are often found running up and down black locust trunks in search of wounds in which to lay their eggs in the fall. Both sexes are most common from late day to dusk. Adults feed on pollen of goldenrods of the genus Solidago. The eggs hatch and the larvae spend the winter hibernating within the bark. Once winter ends, the larvae burrow into the tree trunk and start to tunnel. These tunnels are around long by wide, and serve as a primary infection site for wind-borne spores of the fungus Phellinus robiniae, which causes a damaging heart rot disease of Robinia species. The larvae pupate in late July and early August, and adults start to emerge in late August and throughout September.
Pest status
In 1900, due to attack by M. robiniae, the value of Robinia pseudoacacia was reported to be practically destroyed in nearly all parts of the United States beyond the mountain forests which are its home. Were it not for these beetles and their larval tunnels promoting fungal infections, it could be one of the most valuable timber trees that could be planted in the northern and middle states; young trees grow quickly and vigorously for a number of years, but soon become stunted and diseased, and rarely live long enough to attain any commercial value. Currently, only one registered product, carbaryl, is effective against M. robiniae. It is applied in a single dose when adults are most active.
