Mazanderani language
Mazandarani or Götverani, also Tabari, is an Iranian language of the Northwestern branch, spoken mainly in Iran's Mazandaran, Tehran, Alborz, Semnan and Golestan provinces. According to Greenwood Publishing Group, Mazandarani is a dialect of Persian. Who speaks in Mazandarani is called Götveran or Götash. Mazandarani is closely related to Gilaki and the two languages have similar vocabularies. As a member of the Northwestern branch, etymologically speaking it is rather closely related to Gilaki, and also related to Persian, which belongs to the Southwestern branch. Mazandarani is closely related to Gilaki and the two languages have similar vocabularies. The Gilaki and Mazandarani languages share certain typological features with Caucasian languages, reflecting the history, ethnic identity, and close relatedness to the Caucasus region and Caucasian peoples of the Mazandarani people and Gilaki people. For the most part Mazandarani is mutually intelligible with Persian. the present geographical domain of mazandarani extends from the border of gilan in the west to plains of gorgan in the west.
the southern border reaches, somewhat unexpectedlly, beyond the lofty chain of alborz, to include firuzkuh and davamand, and continues all the way south to the outskirts of tehran in lavasanat, rudehen, ect.
the vilage of velatru the dialect of which is recorded by lambton, is located off the tehran_chalus highway.
on the south_east border of mazandaran, there is a cluster of villages around the town of semnan, namely sangsar, sorkhe, lasgerd, aftar, and particularly shahmirzad, the dialects of which share significent traits with mazandarani.
Etymology
The name Mazanderani derives from the name of the historical region of Mazandaran, which was part of former Kingdom of Tapuria. People traditionally call their language Gilaki, as the Gilaks themselves do.Gilaki consist of two morphemes : Gil + postfix ki. The name Tapuri which was the name of an ancient language of somewhere in former Tapuria, Nowadays becomes prevalent into youth groups instead of Gilaki.
However, Gilan and Mazanderan were part of the same state known as Tapuria which its national language was known as Gilaki.
History
Among the living Iranian languages, Mazanderani has one of the longest written traditions, from the tenth to the fifteenth century. This status was achieved during the long reign of the independent and semi-independent rulers of Mazandaran in the centuries after the Arab invasion.The rich literature of this language includes books such as Marzban Nameh and the poetry of Amir Pazevari. The use of Mazanderani, however, has been in decline. Its literary and administrative rank was lost to Persian perhaps long before the ultimate integration of Mazandaran into the national administration in the early seventeenth century.
Classification
The Mazanderani language is closely related to Gilaki and the two languages have similar vocabularies. In 1993, according to Ethnologue, there were more than three million native speakers of Mazanderani.The dialects of Mazanderani are Saravi, Amoli, Baboli, Ghaemshahri, Chaloosi, Nuri, Shahsavari, Ghasrani, Shahmirzadi, Damavandi, Firoozkoohi, Astarabadi and Katouli.
Furthermore, an extinct variety, Gorgani, was documented back to the 14th and 15th centuries, from writings of the Horufi movement.
Grammar
Mazanderani is an inflected and genderless language. It is SOV, but in some tenses it may be SVO, depending on dialects however.Typology
Morphology
Like other modern Iranian languages there is no distinction between the dative and accusative cases, and the nominative in the sentence takes almost no indicators but with word order. Since Mazanderani lacks articles, there is no inflection for nouns in the sentence.For definition, nouns are added with e at end. The indefinite article for single nouns is a-tā with tā for determination of number.
There are some remnants from old Mazanderani that female nouns in nominative were ending with a and male nouns in nominative were ending with e grammatical gender still exists in other present-day close languages such as Semnani, Sangesari and Zazaki.
Function cases
Adjectives
Notable postpositions
Adpositions in Mazanderani are after words, while most of other languages including English and Persian have preposition systems in general. the only common postpositions that sometimes becoming preposition are Še and tā. Frequently used postpositions are:| postposition | meaning |
| dəle | in |
| re | of / to |
| je | from / by |
| vəse | for |
| tā | to |
| həmrā / jā | with |
| səri | on / above |
| bəne | under / below |
| pəli | near / about |
| vāri/ tarā | like |
| derū | among / inside |
Suffixes
The list below is a sample list obtained from the .Locatives
Subjectives
Phonology
Vowels
// may also range to a more back //.Consonants
// appears as an allophone of // in word-final position. // may appear as a voiceless trill in word-final position //. An occasional glottal stop // or voiceless uvular fricative // or voiced plosive // may also be heard, depending on the dialect.Orthography
Mazanderani is commonly written in the Perso-Arabic script. However, many use roman alphabets, for example in SMS messages.Vocabulary
Spoken in a territory sheltered by the high Alborz mountains, Mazanderani preserves many ancient Indo-European words no longer in common use in modern Iranian languages such as Persian. Listed below are a few common Mazanderani words of archaic, Indo-European provenance with Vedic cognates.| English | Mazanderani | Persian | Vedic | Proto-Indo-European | Example of |
| New | Neo | No/Now | návas | Adjective | |
| Great | Gat | Bozorg, Gonde, Got | Adjective | ||
| Better | Better | Behtar | Adverb | ||
| Been | Bine | Budeh | Auxiliary Verb | ||
| Being | Bien | Budan | bhū- | Infinitive of Verb | |
| Moon | Moong/Mong | Mâh | mā́s | *mḗh₁n̥s | Noun |
| Daughter | Deter | Dokhtar | dúhitā | Noun | |
| Cow | Go/Gu/Guw | Gâv | gáuṣ | Noun | |
| My | Me/Mi | am, om | máma | Verb | |
| Gab | Gab | Gap | Verb | ||
| Right | Rast | Râst | Adjective |
Mazandarani is rich in synonyms,some such nouns also retaining the gender they possessed in Indo-European times : for instance the words Miš, Gal, Gerz all have the meaning of mouse, although they are not all of the same gender. While many Indo-Iranian languages use a masculine noun taking such related forms as Muš or Muska or Mušk, in Mazandarani the most commonly used name for the mouse is the feminine noun Gal.
Another example is cow, as most important symbol animal in Indo-European culture, in Mazanderani there are more than 1000 recognized words used for different states of cow, table below is specimen of vocabulary. Even contests hold for knowledge of these words.
| Mazanderani name | Meaning | Mazanderani name | Meaning |
| ahl | Bull subdued | nū dūş | Young bull to plow used for the first time... |
| āhy | Eye black cow that is its name | paei varzā | Single bull used for plowing |
| alaşt | One of the tools Miner - Two wooden arc that ends it... | parū | Cattle for plowing |
| baKhte bāri | Bullock and trolleys | raji | A cow that is ready to mate |
| bāreng | That is reddish brown cow | raş go | Cow crimson color with black spots |
| batkoniye | Castrated male bovine cattle to eliminate it from washing down ... | raş jūnkā | Young bull with red and black streaks |
| būr gele | A cow that is yellow to red | raş kamer | Cow that is White and brown |
| būr şāx | The final section of cow horns and sharp red | sārū | The forehead is white bull - the bull forehead White |
| būrek | It is light yellow colored bull | sārū | The forehead is white bull - the bull forehead White |
| būreng | blond colored cow | şelāb beze gozūr | The new wide calf rain caused a sharp volley crumbled... |
| būrmango | Is fawn-colored cow | selnāz | cow from the forehead to the tail has white veins |
| das kare | Bull fighting situations | sembe band | Ox that has wood on her neck |
| de jet | Ferrous cows, two bulls kill it | serxe sel | Red Cow is a band of white from neck to tail |
| demes mār | A cow with her calf is about two years old. | setāre | a cow that had white and black spots |
| demis mār | A two-year-old bull calf is | seyā bare | The black cow with a white forehead. |
| dūşt hākerden | Provoke the bull to attack | seyā kachal | Black cow with black spots on the tail end of the frontal |
| elā elā şāğ | cow that its horns grow in opposite | seyā sel | Black cow with a white line of humps and spine to the tail |
| elā kal | A cow with horns and large open | seyel | cow that color of its belly is white |
| elā şiro | A cow with horns is apart | şir vej | A Calf or bull testicles are drawn to |
| elāşāx | A bull that has horns and large open | şirū | A cow with a white head and tail |
| emūj | Ox that once trained for plowing | şūkā | Pale yellow cow |
| eşte | Pair of cows for work | tā şū | Miner's cow, only to be closed |
| ezāli | cow that is bred to plow | tağr in | The four-year inseminate cows to conventional methods - Pair ... |
| fal | Cow ready for mating | tal go | A cow that is ready for plowing |
| fares | Ox that has not been taught to portage | tāle mār | Cow that bells hung around his neck |
| ğalfer | Bovine name of the color is yellowish | tarise | A cow that is the first delivery - a two-year-old female calf ... |
| jandek | Bull bison that used for mating | tersekā | The two and half year old cow is ready to fertility |
| jānekā | Young bull intact strong that it used for breeding or war | teş kūle | A young bull |
| jinekā | Young bull | teşk | Young bull that is not yet ready for plowing |
| jonde kā sare | Telling where young bulls and breeds cattle to be raised | teşkel | Small bull |
| jone kā kole | Bullock that does not work and is less than two years old | titāppeli mango | Black and white cow |
| jūndekā | Bullock is not a job for more than two years old | tolom | Young cow - heifer |
| jūnekkā | Young bull breeds | tūz kel | bull |
| jūnekkā jang | Young male bovine bicker | varzā | Bullock |
| Khāmod | Ox plow | xāl dār | Name bovine skin bicolor |
| lāch kal | Cow have horns open | xes xesi go | A cow that lays on the floor on work |
| lachchi | There is open and cow horns that grow in opposite directions | xetūr | alarmed cow |
| lase sar gū | cow that goes to everyone | xik chaf | A cow that refuses to give milk to calves or its owner |
| lūş beni | grooms gift cow | zām borde | Cow missed after giving birth |
| māgū | A cow | zanā gū | cow fighting by horn |
| mango | Of lactating cows | zar xāl | Black with yellow spots cow - a cow that has one point spot |
| mārşan | Young cow | zargele | The name of the cow that is yellow in color |
| mārū | The forehead white cow | zemessūni kar | Cow that leans due to food shortages in the winter |
| merem | lovely young cow | zingāl | The black cow with white legs |