Maritime Guinea


Maritime Guinea, also known as Lower Guinea, is one of the four natural regions of Guinea. It is located in the west of the country, between the Atlantic Ocean and the Fouta Djallon plateau. Conakry, Guinea's capital and largest city, is located in the region.

Geography

Maritime Guinea includes the Atlantic coast and coastal plain. The coast is indented with rias, or drowned river valleys, that form inlets, tidal marshes, mangrove forests, and estuaries, and numerous offshore islands. Conakry occupies Tombo Island and the adjacent Kaloum Peninsula.
The region is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Guinea Bissau to the northwest, the Fouta Djallon, also known as Middle Guinea, to the northeast and east, and Sierra Leone to the south.
The region is a gentle coastal plain, between 50 and 80 km wide, and wider in the south than the north. the Fouta Djallon plateau rises from the plain, and several rivers, including the Fatala, Konkouré, and Kolenté, originate in the Fouta Djallon and flow west to empty into the Atlantic.
The base rocks of the region are granite and gneiss. Laterite, a red soil rich in iron oxides and aluminum hydroxide, and sandstone gravel are the dominant soil types.

Climate

The climate of Guinea is tropical, with a six-month dry season and a wet season. The heaviest rainfall comes in June, with the arrival of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone.
Average rainfall at Conakry is about 4,300 mm a year, and the average annual temperature is about 27 °C.

Ecoregions

Peoples of Maritime Guinea include the Baga, who live along the coast; the Susu in the southern part of the region around Conakry and into adjacent Sierra Leone; and the Fulani in the north.