In 1931, Guimarães studied painting in the School of Fine Arts in Oporto. Started to work in 1936 as a theater scenographer, illustrator and cartoonist. Film poster designer, became interested in cinematic art, and started to as assistant of directors as Manoel de Oliveira, António Lopes Ribeiro, Jorge Brum do Canto, Arthur Duarte and Armando de Miranda. Directed, in 1949, the short documentary O Desterrado, a film about the life and craft of the Portuguese sculptor Soares dos Reis. Saltimbancos is his first feature-film, is an adaptation of the novelCirco of the writer Leão Penedo, which is centered in the life of a small travelling circus. Meanwhile, Guimarães worked in advertising in Metro Goldwyn-Mayer. In 1952, Manuel Guimarães directed Nazaré, which had the script wrote by the neo-realist writer Alves Redol, portraiting the life of the fishermen from Nazaré. The film had several cuts caused by censorship. Vidas Sem Rumo, script by Manuel Guimarães and dialogues by Alves Redol, suffered even worse cuts: about half of the film was cut and entire scenes were removed, becoming an almost unintelligible film. Being constantly attacked by the regime, Guimarães opted to direct more commercial movies about sport events, since 1956. In his attempt to return to fiction, Manuel had to accept product placement in the film. His next works were essentially documentaries promoting Portuguese towns and products. António da Cunha Telles, who meanwhile began to produce the first films of the Portuguese Cinema Novo, became interested in him and accepted to do an executive production and co-production of two of his next films: O Crime da Aldeia Velha, an adaptation of a Bernardo Santareno play and O trigo e o Joio based in the book with the same name, by Fernando Namora, who wrote the script as well. However, the public preferred a different kind of cinema, more entertaining, and Guimarães turn again to art documentary. Manuel Guimarães had some periods where he returned to illustration and graphic works in newspapers and other publications and continued painting, specially in the end of his life, but without any public expression. The 25 de Abril brought him hope, but it was too late. Ill, Manuel Guimarães couldn't end his last film, Cântico Final'', adapted from the novel with the same name wrote by Virgílio Ferreira. The film was ended by his son, Dórdio Guimarães.
