Around 1942 the Swiss army initiated a competition for a new service machine gun to replace both the “heavy” MG 11 and the “light” Lmg25, adopted in 1911 and 1925 respectively. According to the specifications of the Kriegstechnische Abteilung , the maximum cyclic rate of fire of 1,000 rounds per minute should not be exceeded. Three participants joined the competition–government-owned Waffenfabrik Bern, and privately owned factories SIG and Hispano-Suiza. Waffenfabrik Bern based its development on the hugely successful World War II German MG 42. The first prototypes emerged in around 1944, and looked much like MG 42, although the shape of receiver and butt was somewhat different. With all these prototypes, short shots were detected, which could not be tolerated, as the Swiss overshoot their own troops during live fire exercises. The final design, which appeared in 1950, was in most respects still similar to the MG 42, although many components were produced by machining instead of stamping, which increased the weight, the stability and the production costs of the machine gun. To prevent short shots Waffenfabrik Bern changed the locking system from roller locking to flapper locking. These locking methods are similar in concept. The resulting weapon was in the light machine gun role heavier than the German MG 42, and much more finely made and finished. In certain respects, it was a “Rolex” of machine guns. The MG 51 served as a primary infantry and vehicle machine gun for Swiss army. Since 2005 it was gradually replaced in service with lighter and less expensive, but also less powerful 5.56mm FN Minimi machine gun of Belgian origin and manufacture.
Design details
The MG 51 is a short-recoil-operated, locked breech, air-cooled and automatic only, belt-fed weapon. It uses a locking system with a two-piece bolt and dual locking flaps located in the front part of the bolt. These flaps engage the cuts made in the short barrel extension to provide rigid locking. Upon recoil, the flaps are retracted toward the center of the bolt, to unlock it. An additional lever-type bolt accelerator is provided; it is located in receiver, next to the barrel breech and below the bolt. The gun housing also somewhat resembles the German MG 42, although it is made from two separate parts – the barrel jacket and receiver. The barrel jacket is permanently welded to the front of the receiver. The barrel can be changed rapidly if required; the barrel change procedure is similar to that of the MG 42, with the locking latch located at the right side of the jacket, which is opened to provide a barrel replacement window. The belt feed system is also similar to the MG 42, with single-stage cartridge feed that uses open-pocket steel belts and a two-stage belt pull. Feed is from the left side. For the mobile role, 50-round belts can be loaded into drum-type containers, which are clipped to the side of the gun. Standard sights are of the open type, but telescopic or night sight can be fitted to the gun if necessary. For the light machine gun role a folding bipod is fitted to the barrel jacket. For the medium machine gun role a universal tripod was developed. Early production guns had wooden pistol grips and buttstocks; more modern guns have polymer furniture. The Pz Mg 51/71 is a vehicle-mounted variant for armoured vehicles like the MOWAG Eaglescout car, the Panzer 68battle tank and the Entp Pz 65 recovery tank. The more modern Pz Mg 87 variant is used on the Pz 87 "Leopard 2" tank, with the only difference being an electromagnetic trigger, along with a switch allowing a 50% reduced fire rate, and a mount to fit inside the armor instead of the forward frame.
Variants
Mg 51: Standard version
Mg 51/71: Version for vehicles like Mowag Eagle or Pz 68.
