The stone is 1.7 metres high and roughly rectangular in section, with sides of 0.4 metres by 0.5 metres. The inscription is on the northern face, although the bottom of the inscription is buried in the ground. At one time two plain crosses were said to be viewable at the upper end of the stone. The horizontal axis of the lower cross, is clearly visible but the vertical stroke is very indistinct. The smaller cross above this can no longer be distinguished.
The inscription
The inscription, in debased Roman capitals, reads "Rialobrani Cunovali fili", which translates as "Rialobranus son of Cunovalus." Rialobran is not known elsewhere, but he may have been a Cornishpetty king or tribal leader. Rialobran may be Cornish for "royal raven", whereas Cunovallos may be British for "famous leader", thus the inscription would read "royal raven son of famous leader. Antiquarians, at one time, used to identify Cunovalus with the pre-Roman British kingCunobeline.
Dating
The inscription has been dated on stylistic grounds to the 5th to 8th century AD. It is thought, however, that the stone itself could be a prehistoric standing stone.
History
The antiquarian William Borlase described the stone in 1769: at that time it was lying prostrate on the ground. It was erected in 1825 only to be toppled again in 1849 by treasure hunters. It was lying face down when John Thomas Blight described it in 1861. It was however re-erected in its current position around 1862, the last word of the inscription being buried.
In folklore
A popular tradition stated that a battle was fought nearby, and that Riolbranus was slain and buried at the spot. It was further claimed that the length of the stone was the exact height of the warrior.
Possible identification
When consulting Peter Bartrum's A Welsh Classical Dictionary there are two men with connection to the area who bear the name Cynwal the Brittonic rendering of Cunovalus. Both occur within the same genealogy one being Cynwal Garnwch son of Amlawdd Wledig the other being Amlawdd's father Cynwal son of Ffrwdwr. As such according to the genealogies Rialobrani modernised as Rialfran or Rialbran could either be a cousin to King Arthur as son of Cynwal Garnwch or his grand uncle as son of Cynwal son of Ffrwdwr. This is because Amlawdd Wledig is the maternal grandfather of Arthur according to genealogical tradition.
