Luke 3
Luke 3 is the third chapter of the Gospel of Luke in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It contains an account of the preaching of John the Baptist as well as a genealogy of Jesus. The Expositor's Greek Testament states that in this chapter "the ministry of the new era opens".
Text
The original text was written in Koine Greek and is divided into 38 verses.Textual witnesses
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:- Papyrus 4
- Papyrus 75
- Codex Vaticanus
- Codex Sinaiticus
- Codex Bezae
- Codex Washingtonianus
- Codex Alexandrinus
- Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus
Old Testament references
- :
John the Baptist
Verses 1–2
Tiberius' fifteenth year of rule was AD 29 or 30, so one can date the start of John's preaching to then. The rule of Pontius Pilate in Judea during the reign of Tiberius is well attested in history.Luke, like, and John quotes Isaiah 40 but quotes it to the greatest length in reference to John the Baptist. It is possible that he does this to include the message that "...all flesh will see God's salvation" to his Gentile audience.
Verses 7-17
John preaches a baptism of repentance, and tells the crowds that their descent from Abraham will not save them from "the wrath to come", that "...out of these stones God can raise up children for Abraham. The axe is already at the root of the trees, and every tree that does not produce good fruit will be cut down and thrown into the fire."The people ask what they should do and John says share and that tax collectors and soldiers should not abuse their positions. They ask him if he is the Christ, and he replies "I baptize you with water. But one more powerful than I will come, the thongs of whose sandals I am not worthy to untie. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with fire." also found in, and John . John is then locked up by Herod for rebuking him about his wife Herodias, Herod adding this "crowning iniquity" to all his other misdeeds.
Jesus's baptism
Luke then tells us then Jesus was one of the many who John baptized. The Holy Spirit appears to him as a dove and tells him "You are my Son, whom I love; with you I am well pleased". Luke says that "...Jesus himself was about thirty years old when he began his ministry".. Luke does not state how many years John baptised for, but this is when most date the start of Jesus's ministry, 29 or 30. He had to be more than thirty years old, as he was born about six months before Jesus was born, as noted in Luke 1. Most probably John was born in 4 BC.The ancestry of Jesus
Verses 23-38
Luke sets out here, like Matthew in his opening chapter, a genealogy of Jesus. Luke starts with his legal father Joseph and lists 73 people between Joseph and Adam, who Luke says is "...the Son of God", thus having 75 people between God and Jesus. This genealogy is longer than Matthew's, works retrospectively from Jesus back to Adam,, and has a number of other differences. Luke names Joseph's father and thus Jesus's grandfather as Heli, which could be Mary's father, as noted in the Talmud. On the other hand, Matthew records the name of Joseph's father was Jacob. They then say that Jesus's great grandfather was named Matthat or Matthan, who could be the same person or, as first suggested by Julius Africanus, brothers. The lists then diverge from there, coming together again at David. The list in Luke also differs from Genesis 11:12, which says that Arphaxad was Selah's father, not his grandfather through Cainan.
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