Louisville was incorporated on January 26, 1786, as the prospective state capital. Savannah had served as the colonial capital, but was considered too far from the center of population in the growing state. Louisville was named for Louis XVI, who was still the King of France and had aided the Continentals during the successful American Revolutionary War. Development of the city began later, and its state government buildings were completed in 1795. An old Revolutionary War Soldiers Cemetery is located on the western side of town. The city of Louisville served as the state capital of Georgia from 1796 to 1806. It was a center of trade, legislators and political influence. The Jefferson County courthouse, built in 1904, stands on the site of Georgia's first permanent capitol building. Louisville's historic, open-sided market house still stands in the center of downtown. The original market had sections for sales of farm produce, household goods, and enslaved African Americans. The city of Louisville and state of Georgia are backing off the claim that it was a slave market, The Library of Congress says otherwise; with details. https://www.loc.gov/item/ga0248/ The Old Market is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Roads and other transportation routes intersected at the market square, the hub of the region when the town was the state capital. The state capital was moved to Milledgeville and later to Atlanta, in the Piedmont. As a small city and county seat, Louisville now has few major businesses and industries. A marker dedicated to the Yazoo land scandal of the 19th century is located in front of the Jefferson County Courthouse. Queensborough National Bank and Trust Company was founded in 1902 and is currently headquartered in Louisville, on U.S. Highway 1.
Geography
Louisville is located slightly south of the center of Jefferson County at . U.S. Route 1 passes through the east side of the city, leading northeast to Augusta and south to Swainsboro. U.S. Route 221 passes through the north side of downtown as Peachtree Street and leads southwest to Bartow. US-221 leaves Louisville to the north, running with US-1 to Wrens before continuing north toward Harlem. According to the United States Census Bureau, Louisville has a total area of, of which are land and, or 1.93%, are water. The western city boundary follows Rocky Comfort Creek, which flows into the Ogeechee River at the city limits' southwest corner. The Ogeechee flows to the Atlantic Ocean south of Savannah.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,712 people, 994 households, and 664 families residing in the city. The population density was 755.5 people per square mile. There were 1,123 housing units at an average density of 312.8 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 65.93% African American, 33.63% White, 0.04% Native American, 0.22% Asian, 0.07% from other races, and 0.11% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.37% of the population. There were 994 households out of which 33.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.8% were married couples living together, 27.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.1% were non-families. 31.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.22. In the city, the population was spread out with 28.2% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 19.9% from 45 to 64, and 18.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 77.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 71.8 males. The median income for a household in the city was $19,883, and the median income for a family was $32,578. Males had a median income of $31,500 versus $16,921 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,028. About 23.1% of families and 28.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.8% of those under age 18 and 51.8% of those age 65 or over.
The Jefferson County School District holds pre-school to grade twelve, and consists of two elementary schools, two middle schools, a high school, and an academy school. The district has 199 full-time teachers and over 3,526 students.
