Lokon-Empung


Lokon-Empung is a volcano on the island of Sulawesi. It is one of the most active in Indonesia. It consists of two volcanic cones, the older Lokon and the younger Empung. The active crater of Tompaluan is situated in the saddle between the two cones.

Features

Lokon cone, the older and higher of the two cones, has a flat and craterless top. Lokon formed during a period of andesitic volcanism on ring fractures resulting from the Tondano caldera's Late Miocene or Early Pliocene collapse. Empung is the younger of the two cones. The cone has a 400 M wide crater that is 150 M deep. The cone of Empung has erupted twice in historical times, but all subsequent eruptions have originated from the Tompuluan crater.
Tompaluan is a 150 x 250 m wide double crater situated in the saddle between the two peaks, historical eruptions have been reported from the crater since the mid-19th century.

Eruptive history

Historical eruptions have been reported since 1375. The first two eruptions came from the Empung cone, both the eruptions were VEI 3's. Eruptions since 1829 have been from the Tompaluan Crater. Most eruptions from the crater have been mild Phreatic eruptions, but Lava domes and lava flows have also been erupted.