The primary drivers for log management implementations are concerns about security, system and network operations and regulatory compliance. Logs are generated by nearly every computing device, and can often be directed to different locations both on a local file system or remote system. Effectively analyzing large volumes of diverse logs can pose many challenges, such as:
Volume: log data can reach hundreds of gigabytes of data per day for a large organization. Simply collecting, centralizing and storing data at this volume can be challenging.
Normalization: logs are produced in multiple formats. The process of normalization is designed to provide a common output for analysis from diverse sources.
Velocity: The speed at which logs are produced from devices can make collection and aggregation difficult
Veracity: Log events may not be accurate. This is especially problematic from systems that perform detection, such as intrusion detection systems.
Users and potential users of log management may purchase complete commercial tools or build their own log-management and intelligence tools, assembling the functionality from various open-source components, or acquire systems from commercial vendors. Log management is a complicated process and organizations often make mistakes while approaching it. Logging can produce technical information usable for the maintenance of applications or websites. It can serve:
Suggestions were made to change the definition of logging. This change would keep matters both more pure and more easily maintainable:
Logging would then be defined as all instantly discardable data on the technical process of an application or website, as it represents and processes data and user input.
Auditing, then, would involve data that is not immediately discardable. In other words: data that is assembled in the auditing process, is stored persistently, is protected by authorization schemes and is, always, connected to some end-userfunctional requirement.
One view of assessing the maturity of an organization in terms of the deployment of log-management tools might use successive levels such as:
in the initial stages, organizations use different log-analyzers for analyzing the logs in the devices on the security-perimeter. They aim to identify the patterns of attack on the perimeter infrastructure of the organization.
with increased use of integrated computing, organizations mandate logs to identify the access and usage of confidential data within the security-perimeter.
at the next level of maturity, the log analyzer can track and monitor the performance and availability of systems at the level of the enterprise — especially of those information-assets whose availability organizations regard as vital.
organizations integrate the logs of various business-applications into an enterprise log manager for better value proposition.
organizations merge the physical-access monitoring and the logical-access monitoring into a single view.
