List of thermodynamic properties


Within thermodynamics, a physical property is any property that is measurable, and whose value describes a state of a physical system. Properties is defined as the characteristic feature of a system by which it can be specified. Some constants, such as the ideal gas constant,, do not describe the state of a system, and so are not properties. On the other hand, some constants, such as , depend on the identity of a substance, and so may be considered to describe the state of a system, and so may be considered physical properties.
"Specific" properties are expressed on a per mass basis. If the units were changed from per mass to, for example, per mole, the property would remain as it was.

Regarding work and heat

and heat are not thermodynamic properties, but rather process quantities: flows of energy across a system boundary. Systems do not contain work, but can perform work, and likewise, in formal thermodynamics, systems do not contain heat, but can transfer heat. Informally, however, a difference in the energy of a system that occurs solely because of a difference in its temperature is commonly called heat, and the energy that flows across a boundary as a result of a temperature difference is "heat".
Altitude is usually not a thermodynamic property. Altitude can help specify the location of a system, but that does not describe the state of the system. An exception would be if the effect of gravity needed to be considered in order to describe a state, in which case altitude could indeed be a thermodynamic property.
PropertySymbolUnitsExtensive?Intensive?ConjugatePotential?
Activity
Chemical potentialkJ/molParticle
number
Compressibility , Pa−1
Compressibility , Pa−1
Cryoscopic constantK·kg/mol
Densitykg/m3
Ebullioscopic constantK·kg/mol
EnthalpyJ
Specific enthalpyJ/kg
EntropyJ/KTemperature
Specific entropyJ/
FugacityN/m2
Gibbs free energyJ
Specific Gibbs free entropyJ/
Gibbs free entropyJ/K
Grand / Landau potentialJ
Heat capacity J/K
Specific heat capacity
J/
Heat capacity J/K
Specific heat capacity
J/
Helmholtz free energy, J
Helmholtz free entropyJ/K
Internal energyJ
Specific internal energyJ/kg
Internal pressurePa
Masskg
Particle numberChemical
potential
PressurePaVolume
TemperatureKEntropy
Thermal conductivityW/
Thermal diffusivitym2/s
Thermal expansion K−1
Thermal expansion K−1
Thermal expansion K−1
Vapor quality
Volumem3Pressure
Specific volumem3/kg