List of state leaders in 1620
Africa
- Benin Empire – Ohuan, Oba of Benin
- Kingdom of Dahomey –
- #Gangnihessou
- #Dakodonou
- Dendi Kingdom – Askia Dawud I
- Denkyira - Mumunumfi, King of Akan state of Denkyira
- Ethiopian Empire – Susenyos
- Kingdom of Garo – Magela, Bosha dynasty King of Garo
- Kingdom of Jolof – Birayma Penda
- Kingdom of Kongo – Álvaro III
- Kingdom of Lunda – Cibind Yirung
- Kingdom of Matamba – Mwongo Matamba
- Merina Kingdom – Andrianjaka
- Kingdom of Mutapa – Gatsi Rusere
- Kingdom of Ndongo – Ngola Nzinga Mbandi
- Kingdom of Rwanda - Mibamwe II Sekarongoro II Gisanura
- Sennar Sultanate – Rabat I, Sultan of Sennar
Asia
- Aceh Sultanate – Iskandar Muda
- Ahmadnagar Sultanate –
- *Burhan Shah III, Sultan
- *Malik Ambar, Prime Minister
- Ahom kingdom- Susenghphaa
- Altan Khanate – Ubasi Khong Tayiji
- Ayutthaya Kingdom –
- #Ekathotsarot
- #Si Saowaphak
- #Songtham
- Baltistan – Ali Sher Khan Anchan
- Sultanate of Banten – Pangeran Ratu
- Bhutan – Ngawang Namgyal, Shabdrung of Bhutan
- Bijapur Sultanate – Ibrahim Adil Shah II
- Sultanate of Brunei – Abdul Jalilul Akbar
- Khanate of Bukhara – Imam Quli Khan
- Burma – Anaukpetlun
- Cambodia – Chey Chattha II
- China –
- #Wanli Emperor
- #Taichang Emperor
- #Tianqi Emperor
- Golkanda – Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah, King of Golkanda
- Japan
- *Monarch – Emperor Go-Mizunoo
- *Shōgun – Tokugawa Hidetada
- *Ryukyu Kingdom – Shō Nei
- Johor Sultanate – Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah
- Kingdom of Kandy – Senarat
- Kazakh Khanate – Esim Khan
- Kedah Sultanate – Sulaiman Shah II
- Korea – Gwanghaegun
- Sultanate of Maguindanao – Muhammad Kudarat
- Later Jin – Nurhaci, Emperor of Later Jin
- Mataram Sultanate – Agung
- Mongolia – Ligdan Khan, Great Khan of the Mongols
- Mughal Empire – Jahangir
- Pattani Kingdom – Ratu Biru, Sultana of Pattani
- Saraikela – Bikram Singh, Raja of Saraikela
- Sultanate of Sulu – Muwallil Wasit I
- Đại Việt – Lê Thần Tông, Emperor of Vietnam
- Vijayanagara Empire – Rama Deva Raya
- Zunghar Khanate – Kharkhul
Europe
- Andorra – Bernat de Salbà i de Salbà, Co-Prince of Andorra,
- Kingdom of Denmark–Norway – Christian IV
- Kingdom of England – James I
- Kingdom of France – Louis XIII
- Genoa – Pietro Durazzo, Doge of Genoa
- Holy Roman Empire – Ferdinand II
- *Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen – John Frederick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp
- *Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck – John Frederick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp
- Kingdom of Hungary – Ferdinand II
- Kingdom of Imereti – George III
- Kingdom of Kartli – Simon II
- *Giorgi Saakadze, Regent and Grand Mouravi of Kartli
- Duchy of Mantua – Ferdinando
- Duchy of Modena – Cesare
- Principality of Moldavia –
- # Gaspar Graziani
- # Alexandru Iliaş
- Principality of Monaco – Honoré II
- Kingdom of Naples – Philip III
- Ottoman Empire – Osman II
- Papal States – Pope Paul V
- Duchy of Parma – Ranuccio I
- Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth – Sigismund III Vasa
- Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves – Philip III of Spain, as Philip II
- Duchy of Prussia – George William
- Tsardom of Russia – Michael I
- Duchy of Savoy – Charles Emmanuel I
- Kingdom of Scotland – James VI
- Kingdom of Spain – Philip III
- Swedish Empire – Gustavus Adolphus
- Grand Duchy of Tuscany – Cosimo II
- United Provinces
- *Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland
- * Stadtholder – Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of Gelre, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht and Zeeland
- **Holland – Grand Pensionary – Andries de Witt
- Republic of Venice – Antonio Priuli, Doge of Venice
- Wallachia –
- # Gabriel Movilă, Prince of Wallachia
- # Radu Mihnea, Prince of Wallachia
- Sultanate of Morocco – Zidan Abu Maali
- Oman – Abdulla bin Muhammad, Imam of Oman
- Safavid Empire – Abbas I, Shah of Iran
- Yemen –
- # Al-Mansur al-Qasim, Imam of Yemen
- # Al-Mu'ayyad Muhammad, Imam of Yemen
Oceania
- Hawaii – Keakealanikane, Alii Nui of Hawaii
