List of scientific priority disputes

Mathematics

• Rule for solving cubic equations: Niccolò Tartaglia, Gerolamo Cardano
• Calculus: Isaac Newton, Gottfried Leibniz

  Physics

• Radio waves: James Clerk Maxwell, Oliver Lodge, Heinrich Hertz, David Edward Hughes
• Relativity: Albert Einstein, David Hilbert, Henri Poincaré
• Quark model: Murray Gell-Mann, Yuval Ne'eman

  Astronomy

• Haumea: José Luis Ortiz Moreno et al., Michael E. Brown et al.
• Sunspots: Galileo, Christoph Scheiner
• Geoheliocentric system: Tycho Brahe, Nicolaus Raimarus Ursus
• Galilean moons: Galileo, Simon Marius
• Prediction of Neptune: Urbain Le Verrier, John Couch Adams

  Chemistry

• Oxygen: Joseph Priestley, Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Antoine Laurent Lavoisier
• Chemical bond: Edward Frankland, Friedrich August Kekule, Archibald Scott Couper

  Biology and medicine

• Evolution: Charles Darwin, Alfred Russel Wallace, Patrick Matthew
• Opiate receptor: Candace Pert, Solomon H. Snyder
• DNA structure: Francis Crick, James D. Watson, Rosalind Franklin, Erwin Chargaff, Oswald Avery
• Lymphatic system: Olof Rudbeck, Thomas Bartholin
• Blood transfusion: Richard Lower, Henry Oldenburg, Jean-Baptiste Denis
• Life cycle of malarial parasite: Giovanni Battista Grassi, Ronald Ross
• Magnetic resonance imaging : Paul Lauterbur, Peter Mansfield, Raymond Vahan Damadian, and others
• HIV: Robert Gallo, Luc Montagnier
• Teaching a mute deaf person to speak: John Wallis, William Holder

  Technology

• Watch balance spring: Robert Hooke, Christiaan Huygens
• Telephone: Johann Philipp Reis, Antonio Meucci, Alexander Graham Bell, Elisha Gray
• Incandescent light bulb: Thomas Edison, Joseph Swan
• Radio: Oliver Lodge, Jagadish Chandra Bose, Reginald Fessenden, Guglielmo Marconi, Roberto Landell de Moura, Alexander Popov, Nikola Tesla
• Electronic television: Philo T. Farnsworth, Vladimir Zworykin
• First successful powered flight: Gustave Whitehead, Wright brothers