List of psychoactive plants
A list of plants that are used as psychoactive drugs. Some of them have been used entheogenically for millennia. The plants are listed according to the substances they contain.
''Cannabis''
Cannabis is a popular psychoactive plant that is often used medically and recreationally. The psychoactive substance in Cannabis, THC, is unique in that it contains no nitrogen and is not an indole, tryptamine, phenethylamine, anticholinergic, or a dissociative drug. Cannabis plants tend to vary, with different strains producing dynamic balances of cannabinoids yielding markedly different effects. Popular strains are often hybrids of Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica.Some universities and research firms currently study the medicinal effects of cannabis. Many jurisdictions have laws regulating or prohibiting the sale and use of medical and recreational cannabis.
Tryptamines
Many of the psychedelic plants contain dimethyltryptamine, which is either snorted, vaporized, or drunk with MAOIs. It cannot simply be eaten as it is not orally active without an MAOI and it needs to be extremely concentrated to be vaporized.[Acanthaceae]
Species, Alkaloid content, where given, refers to dried material- Fittonia albivenis, a common ornamental plant from South America.
[Aceraceae]
- Acer saccharinum was found to contain the indole alkaloid gramine 0.05% in the leaves, so it is possible that other members of this plant family contain active compounds.
[Aizoaceae]
- Delosperma acuminatum, DMT, 5-MEO-DMT
- Delosperma cooperi, DMT, 5-MEO-DMT
- Delosperma ecklonis, DMT
- Delosperma esterhuyseniae, DMT
- Delosperma hallii, 5-MEO-DMT
- Delosperma harazianum, DMT, 5-MEO-DMT
- : Delosperma harazianum
- Delosperma hirtum, DMT
- : Delosperma hallii
- Delosperma lydenbergense, DMT, 5-MEO-DMT
- Delosperma nubigenum, 5-MEO-DMT
- Delosperma pageanum, DMT, 5-MEO-DMT
- Delosperma pergamentaceum, Traces of DMT
- Delosperma tradescantioides, DMT
[Apocynaceae]
- Prestonia amazonica: DMT
- Voacanga africana: Iboga alkaloids
[Fabaceae] (Leguminosae)
- Acacia acuminata, Up to 1.5% alkaloids, mainly consisting of dimethyltryptamine in bark & leaf Also, harman, tryptamine, NMT, other alkaloids in leaf.
- Acacia alpina, Active principles in leaf
- Acacia angustissima, β-methyl-phenethylamine, NMT and DMT in leaf
- Acacia aroma, Tryptamine alkaloids. Significant amount of tryptamine in the seeds.
- Acacia auriculiformis, 5-MeO-DMT in stem bark
- Acacia baileyana, 0.02% tryptamine and β-carbolines, in the leaf, Tetrahydroharman
- Acacia beauverdiana, Psychoactive Ash used in Pituri.
- Acacia berlandieri, DMT, amphetamines, mescaline, nicotine
- Acacia catechu, DMT and other tryptamines in leaf, bark
- Acacia caven, Psychoactive
- Acacia chundra, DMT and other tryptamines in leaf, bark
- Acacia colei, DMT
- Acacia complanata, 0.3% alkaloids in leaf and stem, almost all N-methyl-tetrahydroharman, with traces of tetrahydroharman, some of tryptamine
- Acacia confusa, DMT & NMT in leaf, stem & bark 0.04% NMT and 0.02% DMT in stem. Also N,N-dimethyltryptamine N-oxide
- Acacia cornigera, Psychoactive, Tryptamines DMT according to C. Rastch.
- Acacia cultriformis, Tryptamine, in the leaf, stem and seeds. Phenethylamine in leaf and seeds
- Acacia cuthbertsonii, Psychoactive
- Acacia decurrens, Psychoactive, but less than 0.02% alkaloids
- Acacia delibrata, Psychoactive
- Acacia falcata, Psychoactive, but less than 0.02% alkaloids Psychoactive 0.2-0.3% alkaloids
- Acacia farnesiana, Traces of 5-MeO-DMT in fruit. β-methyl-phenethylamine, flower. Ether extracts about 2-6% of the dried leaf mass. Alkaloids are present in the bark and leaves. Amphetamines and mescaline also found in tree.
- Acacia flavescens, Strongly Psychoactive, Bark.
- Acacia floribunda, Tryptamine, phenethylamine, in flowers other tryptamines, DMT,tryptamine,NMT 0.3-0.4% phyllodes.
- Acacia georginae, Psychoactive, plus deadly toxins
- Acacia horrida, Psychoactive
- Acacia implexa, Psychoactive
- Acacia jurema, DMT, NMT
- Acacia karroo, Psychoactive
- Acacia laeta, DMT, in the leaf
- Acacia longifolia, 0.2% tryptamine in bark, leaves, some in flowers, phenylethylamine in flowers, 0.2% DMT in plant. Histamine alkaloids.
- Acacia sophorae, Tryptamine in leaves, bark
- Acacia macradenia, Tryptamine
- Acacia maidenii, 0.6% NMT and DMT in about a 2:3 ratio in the stem bark, both present in leaves
- Acacia mangium, Psychoactive
- Acacia melanoxylon, DMT, in the bark and leaf, but less than 0.02% total alkaloids
- Acacia mellifera, DMT, in the leaf
- Acacia nilotica, DMT, in the leaf
- Acacia nilotica subsp. adstringens, Psychoactive, DMT in the leaf
- Acacia neurophylla DMT in bark, Harman in leaf.
- Acacia obtusifolia, Tryptamine, DMT, NMT, other tryptamines, 0.4-0.5% in dried bark,0.15-0.2% in leaf, 0.07% in branch tips.
- Acacia oerfota, Less than 0.1% DMT in leaf, NMT
- Acacia penninervis, Psychoactive
- Acacia phlebophylla, 0.3% DMT in leaf, NMT
- Acacia podalyriaefolia, Tryptamine in the leaf, 0.5% to 2% DMT in fresh bark, phenethylamine, trace amounts. Although this species is claimed to contain 0.5% to 2% DMT in fresh bark the reference for this is invalid as there is no reference to Acacia Podalyriffolia anywhere in the reference article. Additionally, well known and proven extraction techniques for DMT have failed to produce any DMT or alkaloids from fresh bark or the leaves on multiple sample taken at various seasons. Should DMT actually exist in this species of Acacia then it exists in extremely small amounts and have failed to produce any alkaloids with Acid/Base extraction techniques using HCl/Na2. On the same note, more academic research is definitely required into the DMT content of this and other Australian Acacia species with proper chemical analysis of sample.
- Acacia polyacantha, DMT in leaf and other tryptamines in leaf, bark
- Acacia polyacantha ssp. campylacantha, Less than 0.2% DMT in leaf, NMT; DMT and other tryptamines in leaf, bark
- Acacia rigidula, DMT, NMT, tryptamine, traces of amphetamines, mescaline, nicotine and others
- Acacia sassa, Psychoactive
- Acacia schaffneri, β-methyl-phenethylamine, Phenethylamine Amphetamines and mescaline also found.
- Acacia senegal, Less than 0.1% DMT in leaf, NMT, other tryptamines. DMT in plant, DMT in bark.
- Acacia seyal, DMT, in the leaf. Ether extracts about 1-7% of the dried leaf mass.
- Acacia sieberiana, DMT, in the leaf
- Acacia simplex, DMT and NMT, in the leaf, stem and trunk bark, 0.81% DMT in bark, MMT
- Acacia tortilis, DMT, NMT, and other tryptamines
- Acacia vestita, Tryptamine, in the leaf and stem, but less than 0.02% total alkaloids
- Acacia victoriae, tryptamines, 5-MeO-alkyltryptamine
- List of acacia species having little or no alkaloids in the material sampled:
- * Acacia acinacea
- * Acacia baileyana
- * Acacia decurrens
- * Acacia dealbata
- * Acacia mearnsii
- * Acacia drummondii
- * Acacia elata
- * Acacia falcata
- * Acacia leprosa
- * Acacia linearis
- * Acacia melanoxylon
- * Acacia pycnantha
- * Acacia retinodes
- * Acacia saligna
- * Acacia stricta
- * Acacia verticillata
- * Acacia vestita
- Albizia inundata leaves contain DMT.
- Anadenanthera colubrina, Bufotenin, Beans, Bufotenin oxide, Beans, N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, Beans, pods,
- Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil - Bufotenin and Dimethyltryptamine have been isolated from the seeds and seed pods, 5-MeO-DMT from the bark of the stems. The seeds were found to contain 12.4% bufotenine, 0.06% 5-MeO-DMT and 0.06% DMT.
- Anadenanthera peregrina,
- Anadenanthera peregrina var. peregrina, Bufotenine is in the seeds.
- Desmanthus illinoensis, 0–0.34% DMT in root bark, highly variable. Also NMT, N-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine, 2-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine, and gramine.
- Desmanthus leptolobus, 0.14% DMT in root bark, more reliable than D. illinoensis
- Desmodium caudatum, Roots: 0.087% DMT,
- Desmodium intortum, Bufotentine, DMT
- Codariocalyx motorius, DMT, 5-MEO-DMT, leaves, roots
- Desmodium racemosum, 5-MEO-DMT
- Desmodium triflorum, 0.0004% DMT-N-oxide, roots, less in stems and trace in leaves.
- Leonurus sibiricus, Alkaloids
- Lespedeza capitata,
- Lespedeza bicolor, DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in leaves and roots
- Lespedeza bicolor var. japonica, DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in leaves and root bark
- Mimosa ophthalmocentra, Dried root: DMT 1.6%, NMT 0.0012% and hordenine 0.0065%
- Mimosa scabrella, tryptamine, NMT, DMT and N-methyltetrahydrocarboline in bark
- Mimosa somnians, tryptamines and MMT
- Mimosa tenuiflora, 0.31-0.57% DMT.
- Mimosa verrucosa, DMT in root bark
- Mucuna pruriens, "The leaves, seeds, stems and roots contain L-Dopa, Serotonin, 5-HTP, and Nicotine, as well as N,N-DMT, Bufotenine, and 5-MeO-DMT."
- Petalostylis casseoides, 0.4-0.5% tryptamine, DMT, etc. in leaves and stems
- Petalostylis labicheoides var. casseoides, DMT in leaves and stems
- Phyllodium pulchellum, 0.2% 5-MeO-DMT, small quantities of DMT DMT, 5-MEO-DMT, whole plant, roots, stems, leaves, flowers
- Erythrina flabelliformis, other Erythrina species, seeds contain the alkaloids erysodin and erysovin
Subfamily [Caesalpinioideae]
- ': 0.4-0.5% tryptamine, DMT, etc. in leaves and stems
- ', Tryptamines in leaves and stems, MAO's up to 0.5%
[Lauraceae]
- * Nectandra megapotamica, NMT
[Malpighiaceae]
- Diplopterys cabrerana: McKenna et al. assayed and found the leaves contain 0.17% DMT
[Myristicaceae]
- Horsfieldia superba: 5-MeO-DMT and beta-carbolines
- Iryanthera macrophylla: 5-MeO-DMT in bark
- Iryanthera ulei: 5-MeO-DMT in bark
- Osteophloem platyspermum: DMT, 5-MeO-DMT in bark
- Virola calophylla, Leaves 0.149% DMT, leaves 0.006% MMT 5-MeO-DMT in bark
- Virola calophylloidea, DMT
- Virola carinata, DMT in leaves
- Virola cuspidata, DMT
- Virola divergens, DMT in leaves
- Virola elongata, DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in bark, roots, leaves and flowers
- Virola melinonii, DMT in bark
- Virola multinervia, DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in bark and roots
- Virola pavonis, DMT in leaves
- Virola peruviana, 5-MEO-DMT, traces of DMT and 5-MeO-tryptamine in bark
- Virola rufula, Alkaloids in bark and root, 95% of which is MeO-DMT 0.190% 5-MeO-DMT in bark, 0.135% 5-MeO-DMT in root, 0.092% DMT in leaves.
- Virola sebifera, The bark contains 0.065% to 0.25% alkaloids, most of which are DMT and 5-MeO-DMT.
- Virola venosa, DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in roots, leaves DMT
[Ochnaceae]
- Testulea gabonensis: 0.2% 5-MeO-DMT, small quantities of DMT, DMT in bark and root bark, NMT
[Pandanaceae]
- Genus Pandanus : DMT in nuts
[Poaceae] (Gramineae)
- Arundo donax, 0.0057% DMT in dried rhizome, no stem, 0.026% bufotenine, 0.0023% 5-MeO-MMT
- Phalaris aquatica, 0.0007-0.18% Total alkaloids, 0.100% DMT, 0.022% 5-MeO-DMT, 0.005% 5-OH-DMT
- Phalaris arundinacea, 0.0004-0.121% Total alkaloids
- Phalaris brachystachys, aerial parts up to 3% total alkaloids, DMT present
- Phragmites australis, DMT in roots.
[Polygonaceae]
- Eriogonum : DMT
[Punicaceae]
- Punica granatum "DMT in root cortex;" The dried stem and root bark of the tree contain about 0.4-0.9% alkaloids.
[Rubiaceae]
- Psychotria carthagenensis, 0.2% average DMT in dried leaves
- Psychotria expansa, DMT
- Psychotria forsteriana, DMT
- Psychotria insularum, DMT
- Psychotria poeppigiana, DMT
- Psychotria rostrata, DMT
- Psychotria rufipilis, DMT
- Psychotria viridis, DMT 0.1-0.61% dried mass.
[Rutaceae]
- Dictyoloma incanescens, 5-MeO-DMT in leaves, 0.04% 5-MeO-DMT in bark
- Dutaillyea drupacea, > 0.4% 5-MeO-DMT in leaves
- Dutaillyea oreophila, 5-MeO-DMT in leaves
- Tetradium ruticarpum, 5-MeO-DMT in leaves, fruit and roots
- Limonia acidissima, 5-MeO-DMT in stems
- Euodia leptococca, 0.2% total alkaloids, 0.07% 5-MeO-DMT; 5-MeO-DMT in leaves and stems, also "5-MeO-DMT-Oxide and a beta-carboline"
- Pilocarpus organensis, 5-MeO-DMT in leaves
- Vepris ampody, Up to 0.2% DMT in leaves and branches
- Zanthoxylum arborescens, DMT in leaves
- Zanthoxylum procerum, DMT in leaves
- Citrus_limon, DMT, N-Methylated tryptamine derivative in leaves
- Citrus sinesis,DMT, N-Methylated tryptamine derivative
- Citrus bergamia,DMT, N-Methylated tryptamine derivative
- Mandarin_orange Traces of N-methylated tryptamine derivative in leaf.
- Chinotto Tree, N-Methylated tryptamine derivative in leaf
- Citrus medica, N-Methylated tryptamine derivative in leaf
Phenethylamines
- Coryphantha contains various PhEAs alkaloids including Macromerine Coryphanthine MethOxy-Candicine Corypalmine NMetCorypalmine and like compounds.
- Echinopsis lageniformis , Mescaline > 0.025%, also 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine < 1%, 3-methoxytyramine < 1%, tyramine < 1%; Mescaline 2%
- Echinopsis scopulicola , MescalineLycaeum
- Echinopsis pachanoi , Mescaline 0.006-0.12%, 0.05% Average; Mescaline 0.01%-2.375%
- Echinopsis spachiana , Mescaline; Mescaline
- Lophophora williamsii , 0.4% Mescaline; 3-6% Mescaline
- Opuntia acanthocarpa Mescaline
- Opuntia basilaris Mescaline 0.01%, plus 4-hydroxy-3-5-dimethoxyphenethylamine
- Austrocylindropuntia cylindrica, Mescaline
- Cylindropuntia echinocarpa , Mescaline 0.01%, 3-4-dimethoxyphenethylamine 0.01%, 4-hydroxy-3-5-dimethoxyphenethylamine 0.01%
- Cylindropuntia spinosior, Mescaline 0.00004%, 3-methoxytyramine 0.001%, tyramine 0.002%, 3-4-dimethoxyphenethylamine.
- Echinopsis macrogona , > 0.01-0.05% Mescaline
- Echinopsis peruviana , Mescaline 0.0005%-0.12%; Mescaline
- Echinopsis tacaquirensis subsp. taquimbalensis, > 0.005-0.025% mescaline
- Echinopsis terscheckii > 0.005-0.025% Mescaline; mescaline 0.01%-2.375%
- Echinopsis valida, 0.025% mescaline
- Pelecyphora aselliformis, mescaline
Beta-carbolines
[Apocynaceae]
- Amsonia tabernaemontana, Harmine
- Aspidosperma exalatum, Beta-carbolines
- Aspidosperma polyneuron, Beta-carbolines
- Apocynum cannabinum, Harmalol
- Ochrosia nakaiana, Harman
- Pleicarpa mutica, Beta-carbolines
[Bignoniaceae]
- Newbouldia laevis, Harman
[Calycanthaceae]
- Calycanthus occidentalis, Harmine
[Chenopodiaceae]
- Hammada leptoclada, Tetrahydroharman, etc.
- Kochia scoparia, Harmine, etc.
[Combretaceae]
- Guiera senegalensis, Harman, etc.
[Cyperaceae]
- Carex brevicollis, Harmine, etc.
- Carex parva, Beta-carbolines
[Elaeagnaceae]
- Elaeagnus angustifolia, Harman, etc.
- Elaeagnus commutata, Beta-carbolines
- Elaeagnus hortensis, Tetrahydroharman, etc.
- Elaeagnus orientalis, Tetrahydroharman
- Elaeagnus spinosa, Tetrahydroharman
- Hippophae rhamnoides, Harman, etc.
- Shepherdia argentea, Tetrahydroharmol
- Shepherdia canadensis, Tetrahydroharmol
[Gramineae]
- Arundo donax, Tetrahydroharman
- Festuca arundinacea, Harman, etc.
- Lolium perenne,, Harman, etc.
- Phalaris aquatica, Beta-carbolines
- Phalaris arundinacea, Beta-carbolines
[Lauraceae]
- Nectandra megapotamica, Beta-carbolines
[Leguminosae]
- Acacia baileyana, Tetrahydroharman
- Acacia complanata, Tetrahydroharman, etc.
- Burkea africana, Harman, etc.
- Desmodium gangeticum, Beta-carbolines
- Desmodium gyrans, Beta-carbolines
- Desmodium pulchellum, Harman, etc.
- Mucuna pruriens, 6-Methoxy-Harman
- Petalostylis labicheoides, Tetrahydroharman; MAO's up to 0.5%
- Prosopis nigra, Harman, etc.
- Shepherdia pulchellum, Beta-carbolines
[Loganiaceae]
- Strychnos melinoniana, Beta-carbolines
- Strychnos usambarensis, Harman
[Malpighiaceae]
- Banisteriopsis argentia, 5-methoxytetrahydroharman, -N-methoxytetrahydroharman, dimethyltryptamine-N-oxide
- Banisteriopsis caapi, Harmine 0.31-0.84%, tetrahydroharmine, telepathine, dihydroshihunine, 5-MeO-DMT in bark
- Banisteriopsis inebrians, Beta-carbolines
- Banisteriopsis lutea, Harmine, telepathine
- Banisteriopsis metallicolor, Harmine, telepathine
- Banisteriopsis muricata Harmine up to 6%, harmaline up to 4%, plus DMT
- Diplopterys cabrerana, Beta-carbolines
- Cabi pratensis, Beta-carbolines
- Callaeum antifebrile, Harmine
- Tetrapterys methystica, Harmine
[Myristicaceae]
- Gymnacranthera paniculata, Beta-carbolines
- Horsfieldia superba Beta-carbolines
- Virola cuspidata, 6-Methoxy-Harman
- Virola rufula, Beta-carbolines
- Virola theiodora, Beta-carbolines
[Ochnaceae]
- Testulea gabonensis, Beta-carbolines
[Palmae]
- Plectocomiopsis geminiflora, Beta-carbolines
[Papaveraceae]
- Meconopsis horridula, Beta-carbolines
- Meconopsis napaulensis, Beta-carbolines
- Meconopsis paniculata, Beta-carbolines
- Meconopsis robusta, Beta-carbolines
- Meconopsis rudis, Beta-carbolines
- Papaver rhoeas, Beta-carbolines
[Passifloraceae]
- Passiflora actinia, Harman
- Passiflora alata, Harman
- Passiflora alba, Harman
- Passiflora bryonoides, Harman
- Passiflora caerulea, Harman
- Passiflora capsularis, Harman
- Passiflora decaisneana, Harman
- Passiflora edulis, Harman, 0-7001 ppm in fruit
- Passiflora eichleriana, Harman
- Passiflora foetida, Harman
- Passiflora incarnata, Harmine, Harmaline, Harman, etc. 0.03%. Alkaloids in rind of fruit 0.25%
- Passiflora quadrangularis, Harman
- Passiflora ruberosa, Harman
- Passiflora subpeltata, Harman
- Passiflora warmingii, Harman
[Polygonaceae]
- Calligonum minimum, Beta-carbolines
- Leptactinia densiflora, Leptaflorine, etc.
- Ophiorrhiza japonica, Harman
- Pauridiantha callicarpoides, Harman
- Pauridiantha dewevrei, Harman
- Pauridiantha lyalli, Harman
- Pauridiantha viridiflora, Harman
- Simira klugei, Harman
- Simira rubra, Harman
[Rubiaceae]
- Borreria verticillata, Beta-carbolines
- Leptactinia densiflora, Beta-carbolines
- Nauclea diderrichii, Beta-carbolines
- Ophiorrhiza japonica, Beta-carbolines
- Pauridiantha callicarpoides, Beta-carbolines
- Pauridiantha dewevrei, Beta-carbolines
- Pauridiantha yalli, Beta-carbolines
- Pauridiantha viridiflora, Beta-carbolines
- Pavetta lanceolata, Beta-carbolines
- Psychotria carthagenensis, Beta-carbolines
- Psychotria viridis, Beta-carbolines
- Simira klugei, Beta-carbolines
- Simira rubra, Beta-carbolines
- Uncaria attenuata, Beta-carbolines
- Uncaria canescens, Beta-carbolines
- Uncaria orientalis, Beta-carbolines
[Rutaceae]
- Tetradium species: Some contain carbolines
- Euodia leptococca Beta-carboline
- Araliopsis tabouensis, Beta-carbolines
- Flindersia laevicarpa, Beta-carbolines
- Xanthoxylum rhetsa, Beta-carbolines
[Sapotaceae]
- Chrysophyllum lacourtianum, Norharman etc.
- Scutellaria
- Scutellaria nana
[Simaroubaceae]
- Ailanthus malabarica, Beta-carbolines. See also Nag Champa.
- Perriera madagascariensis, Beta-carbolines
- Picrasma ailanthoides, Beta-carbolines
- Picrasma crenata, Beta-carbolines
- Picrasma excelsa, Beta-carbolines
- Picrasma javanica, Beta-carbolines
[Solanaceae]
- Vestia foetida, Beta-carbolines
[Symplocaceae]
- Symplocos racemosa, Harman
[Tiliaceae]
- Grewia mollis, Beta-carbolines
[Zygophyllaceae]
- Fagonia cretica, Harman
- Nitraria schoberi, Beta-carbolines
- Peganum harmala,, The seeds contain about 2-6% alkaloids, most of which is harmaline. Peganum harmala is also an abortifacient.
- Peganum nigellastrum, Harmine
- Tribulus terrestris, Harman
- Zygophyllum fabago, Harman, harmine
Plants containing other psychoactive substances
| Substance | Plant | Comment |
| Asarone | Acorus calamus | Asarone |
| Yohimbine | Alchornea floribunda | Yohimbine |
| Arecoline | Areca catechu | Areca nut or betel |
| Unknown | Argemone mexicana | Used by Chinese residents of Mexico during the early 20th century as a legal substitute for opium and currently smoked as a marijuana substitute. |
Ergine | Argyreia nervosa | Seeds contain high amounts of ergine, often 50-150X the amounts found in Ipomoea violacea. |
| Thujone | Artemisia absinthium | Additive to absinthe. Also called "wormwood" |
| Unknown | Asiminia TrilobaL. | Identical alkaloid to morphine |
| Tropane alkaloids | Atropa belladonna | Deadly nightshade |
| Tropane alkaloids | Brugmansia | Angel's trumpets |
| Unknown | Calea zacatechichi | Produces vivid dreams after smoking. It is also employed by the Chontal people as a medicinal herb against gastrointestinal disorders, and is used as an appetizer, cathartic anti-dysentery remedy, and as a fever-reducing agent. Its psychedelic properties do not become apparent until the user is asleep. |
| Caffeine | Camellia sinensis | Tea leaves, tea, native to Asia |
Cathinone | Catha edulis | Khat |
| Vincristine | Catharanthus roseus | Catharanthus roseus is "hallucinogenic." |
| Unknown | Cestrum nocturnum | Night-blooming jasmine |
| Caffeine | Coffea arabica | Coffee beans, coffee, native to Africa |
| Caffeine | Cola | Cola or kola nut, traditional additive to cola, native to Africa |
| Unknown | Coleus | Unknown |
Bulbocapnine | Corydalis solida, cava | Bulbocapnine, Nantenine, Tetrahydropalmatine |
| Tropane alkaloids | Datura | Thorn apple, devil's trumpets, loco weed, Jimson weed |
| Cytisine | Dermatophyllum | Mescal bean |
| Unknown | Desfontainia spinosa | Causes visions |
| Nicotine | Duboisia hopwoodii | Pituri |
| Unknown | Entada rheedii | African dream herb |
| Ephedrine | Ephedra sinica | Ephedra |
| Cocaine | Erythroxylum coca | Coca. Widely used illegal stimulant, produces hallucination in overdose, native to South America |
| Unknown | Fittonia albivenis | Nerve or mosaic plant |
| Unknown | Foeniculum vulgare | Unknown |
Himbacine | Galbulimima belgraveana | Galbulimima belgraveana is rich in alkaloids and twenty-eight alkaloids have been isolated including himbacine. |
Glaucine | Glaucium flavum | Glaucine |
| Unknown | Heimia myrtifolia | Auditory |
| Unknown | Heimia salicifolia | Auditory |
| Lobeline | Hippobroma longiflora | Star of Bethlehem |
| Hyperforin | Hypericum perforatum | Saint John's wort |
| Tropane alkaloids | Hyoscyamus | Henbane |
| Unknown | Ilex guayusa | Ilex guayusa is used as an additive to some versions of Ayahuasca. According to the Ecuadorian indigenous, it is also slightly hallucinogenic on its own, when drunk in high enough quantities. |
| Ergine | Ipomoea tricolor & Ipomoea violacea | Ergine in seeds; up to 0.12% total |
| Unknown | Justicia pectoralis | Unknown |
| Lactucarium | Lactuca virosa | Lactucarium |
Lagochilin | Lagochilus inebrians | Lagochilin is thought to be responsible for the sedative, hypotensive and hemostatic effects of this plant. |
Pukateine | Laurelia novae-zelandiae | Pukateine |
| Unknown | Rollinia mucosa | Rollinia mucosa is said to be narcotic |
Leonurine | Leonotis leonurus | Both leaves and flowers contain Leonurine. |
Leonurine | Leonotis nepetifolia | Both leaves and flowers contain Leonurine. |
| Lobeline | Lobelia inflata | Indian tobacco |
| Unknown | Magnolia virginiana | |
| Tropane alkaloids | Mandragora officinarum | Mandrake |
| Ergine | Some Mirabilis spp. | Possibly contains ergine |
| Mitragynine | Mitragyna speciosa | Kratom |
| Myristicin | Myristica fragrans | Nutmeg |
| Aporphine | Nelumbo nucifera | Sacred lotus |
| Nepetalactone | Nepeta cataria | Catnip |
| Nicotine | Nicotiana tabacum | Tobacco. Can cause hallucination in very large doses |
Aporphine | Nymphaea caerulea | Blue lotus or lily. Recent studies have shown Nymphaea caerulea to have psychedelic properties, and may have been used as a sacrament in ancient Egypt and certain ancient South American cultures. Dosages of 5 to 10 grams of the flowers induces slight stimulation, a shift in thought processes, enhanced visual perception, and mild closed-eye visuals. Nymphaea caerulea is related to, and possesses similar activity as Nelumbo nucifera, the Sacred Lotus. Both Nymphaea caerulea and Nelumbo nucifera contain the alkaloids nuciferine and apomorphine, which have been recently isolated by independent labs. These psychoactive effects make Nymphaea caerulea a likely candidate for the lotus plant eaten by the mythical Lotophagi in Homer's Odyssey. Used in aromatherapy, Nymphaea caerulea is purported to have a "divine" essence, bringing euphoria, heightened awareness and tranquility. Other sources cite anti-spasmodic and sedative, purifying and calming properties. |
| Heliamine | Pachycereus pringlei | Largest cactus in the world. Heliamine bears some similarities to mescaline |
| Ginsenosides | Panax | Ginseng |
| Morphine | Papaver somniferum | Opium. Widely used analgesic, native to the Old World |
| Chrysin | Passiflora | Passion flower |
| Unknown | Phytolacca americanaL. | Naroctic and toxic when root is consumed. |
| Yohimbine | Pausinystalia johimbe | Yohimbe |
| Unknown | Pedicularis densiflora | Indian warrior |
Kavalactones | Piper methysticum | Kavalactones |
| Ergine | Rivea corymbosa | Seeds contain ergine, lysergol, and turbicoryn; lysergic acid alkaloids up to 0.03% |
Salvinorin A | Salvia divinorum | Salvinorin A, 0.89-3.87 mg/g, also Salvinorin B and Salvinorin C |
| Mesembrine | Sceletium tortuosum | Kanna |
| Baicalein | Scutellaria | Skullcaps |
| Unknown | Silene capensis | Produces vivid dreams after smoking. |
| Unknown | Tagetes lucida | Anethole, Chavicol, Coumarin, Estragole, Isorhamnetin, Methyleugenol, Quercitin |
Ibogaine | Tabernanthe iboga | Ibogaine in root bark |
Ibogaine | Tabernanthe orientalis | Ibogaine in root leaves |
| Voacangine | Tabernaemontana divaricata | Voacangine is similar to ibogaine. It potentiated effect of barbituarates which may possibly mean voacangine is psychoactive. |
Ibogaine | Tabernanthe pubescens | Ibogaine and similar alkaloids |
Ibogaine | Tabernaemontana sp. | Ibogaine |
| Caffeine | Theobroma cacao | Cocoa or cacao bean, chocolate, native to the Americas |
Ibogaine | Trachelospermum jasminoides | Ibogaine, coronaridine, voacangine, apparicine, conoflorine, and 19-epi-voacangarine |
| Damianin | Turnera diffusa | Damianin |
| Actinidine | Valeriana officinalis | Valerian |
| Vincamine | Vinca minor | Vincamine |
| Voacangine | Voacanga africana | Voacangine is similar to ibogaine |
| Unknown | Zornia latifolia | Zornia latifolia is mentioned in Food of the Gods as "an hallucinogenic substitute for cannabis". It is nicknamed Maconha brava because locals use it as a cannabis substitute. |