List of natural satellites
The Solar System's planets, and its most likely dwarf planets, are known to be orbited by at least 219 natural satellites, or moons. 19 of them are large enough to be gravitationally rounded; of these, all are covered by a crust of ice except for Earth's Moon and Io. Several of the largest ones are in hydrostatic equilibrium and would therefore be considered dwarf planets or planets if they were in direct orbit around the Sun and not in their current states.
Moons are classed in two separate categories according to their orbits: regular moons, which have prograde orbits and lie close to the plane of their equators, and irregular moons, whose orbits can be pro- or retrograde and often lie at extreme angles to their planets' equators. Irregular moons are probably minor planets that have been captured from surrounding space. Most irregular moons are less than in diameter.
The earliest published discovery of a moon other than the Earth's was by Galileo Galilei, who discovered the four Galilean moons orbiting Jupiter in 1610. Over the following three centuries only a few more moons were discovered. Missions to other planets in the 1970s, most notably the Voyager 1 and 2 missions, saw a surge in the number of moons detected, and observations since the year 2000, using mostly large, ground-based optical telescopes, have discovered many more, all of which are irregular.
Moons by primary
, the smallest and innermost planet, has no moons, or at least none that can be detected to a diameter of. For a very short time in 1974, Mercury was thought to have a moon.Venus also has no moons, though reports of a moon around Venus have circulated since the 17th century.
Earth has one Moon, the largest moon of any rocky planet in the Solar System. Earth also has at least two co-orbitals: the asteroids 3753 Cruithne and 2002 AA29; however, since they do not orbit Earth, they are not considered moons.
Mars has two known moons, Phobos and Deimos. Searches for more satellites have been unsuccessful, putting the maximum radius of any other satellites at.
Jupiter has 79 moons with known orbits, of which 72 have confirmed orbits and have thus received permanent designations; of these, 57 have been named. Its eight regular moons are grouped into the planet-sized Galilean moons and the far smaller Amalthea group. They are named after lovers of Zeus, the Greek equivalent of Jupiter. Its 71 known irregular moons are organized into two categories: prograde and retrograde. The prograde satellites consist of the Himalia group and three others in groups of one. The retrograde moons are grouped into the Carme, Ananke and Pasiphae groups.
Saturn has 82 moons with known orbits; 53 of them have names, and these are the ones with confirmed orbits. Most of them are quite small. Seven moons are large enough to be in hydrostatic equilibrium, including Titan, the second largest moon in the Solar System. Including these large moons, 24 of Saturn's moons are regular, and traditionally named after Titans or other figures associated with the mythological Saturn. The remaining 58, all small, are irregular, and classified by their orbital characteristics into Inuit, Norse, and Gallic groups, and their names are chosen from the corresponding mythologies. The rings of Saturn are made up of icy objects ranging in size from one centimetre to hundreds of metres, each of which is on its own orbit about the planet. Thus a precise number of Saturnian moons cannot be given, as there is no objective boundary between the countless small anonymous objects that form Saturn's ring system and the larger objects that have been named as moons. At least 150 "moonlets" embedded in the rings have been detected by the disturbance they create in the surrounding ring material, though this is thought to be only a small sample of the total population of such objects.
Uranus has 27 moons, five of which are massive enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium. There are 13 moons that orbit within Uranus's ring system, and another nine outer irregular moons. Unlike most planetary moons, which are named from antiquity, all the moons of Uranus are named after characters from the works of Shakespeare and Alexander Pope's work The Rape of the Lock.
Neptune has 14 moons; the largest, Triton, accounts for more than 99.5 percent of all the mass orbiting the planet. Triton is large enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium, but, uniquely for a large moon, has a retrograde orbit, suggesting it was a dwarf planet that was captured. Neptune also has seven known inner regular satellites, and six outer irregular satellites.
Pluto, a dwarf planet, has five moons. Its largest moon Charon, named after the ferryman who took souls across the River Styx, is more than half as large as Pluto itself, and large enough to orbit a point outside Pluto's surface. In effect, each orbits the other, forming a binary system informally referred to as a double-dwarf-planet. Pluto's four other moons, Nix, Hydra, Kerberos and Styx are far smaller and orbit the Pluto–Charon system.
Among the other dwarf planets, has no known moons. It is 90 percent certain that Ceres has no moons larger than 1 km in size, assuming that they would have the same albedo as Ceres itself. has one known moon, Dysnomia. Accurately determining its size is difficult: one indicative estimate of its radius is, but on some assumptions could be as high as.
Two objects were named as dwarf planets, under the expectation that they would prove to be so. has two moons, Hiʻiaka and Namaka, of radii ~195 and ~100 km, respectively. has one moon, discovered in April 2016.
A number of other objects in the Kuiper belt and scattered disk may turn out to be dwarf planets. 90482 Orcus was found to have a natural satellite, later named Vanth, in 2005. 50000 Quaoar, 225088 Gonggong, 120347 Salacia and 174567 Varda have all since been discovered to have moons.
, 288 asteroid moons and 107 trans-Neptunian moons had been discovered.
List
This is a list of the recognized moons of the planets and of the largest potential dwarf planets of the Solar System, ordered by their official Roman numeral designations. The 19 moons that are large enough to have been rounded by their own gravity are listed in bold. The seven largest moons, which are larger than any of the known dwarf planets, are listed in bold and italic. Sidereal period differs from semi-major axis because a moon's speed depends both on the mass of its primary and its distance from it.Image | Parent | Numeral | Name | Mean radius | Semi-major axis | Sidereal period | Discovery year | Discovered by | Notes | Ref |
Earth | I | Moon | 384,399 | 27.321582 | — | Synchronous rotation | ||||
Mars | I | Phobos | 9,380 | 0.319 | 1877 | Hall | ||||
Mars | II | Deimos | 23,460 | 1.262 | 1877 | Hall | ||||
Jupiter | I | Io | 421,800 | 1.769 | 1610 | Galileo | Main-group moon | |||
Jupiter | II | Europa | 671,100 | 3.551 | 1610 | Galileo | Main-group moon | |||
Jupiter | III | Ganymede | 1,070,400 | 7.155 | 1610 | Galileo | Main-group moon | |||
Jupiter | IV | Callisto | 1,882,700 | 16.69 | 1610 | Galileo | Main-group moon | |||
Jupiter | V | Amalthea | 181,400 | 0.498 | 1892 | Barnard | Inner moon | |||
Jupiter | VI | Himalia | 11,461,000 | 250.56 | 1904 | Perrine | Prograde irregular | |||
Jupiter | VII | Elara | 11,741,000 | 259.64 | 1905 | Perrine | Prograde irregular | |||
Jupiter | VIII | Pasiphae | 23,624,000 | 743.63 | 1908 | Melotte | Retrograde irregular | |||
Jupiter | IX | Sinope | 23,939,000 | 758.90 | 1914 | Nicholson | Retrograde irregular | |||
Jupiter | X | Lysithea | 11,717,000 | 259.20 | 1938 | Nicholson | Prograde irregular | |||
Jupiter | XI | Carme | 23,404,000 | 734.17 | 1938 | Nicholson | Retrograde irregular | |||
Jupiter | XII | Ananke | 21,276,000 | 629.77 | 1951 | Nicholson | Retrograde irregular | |||
Jupiter | XIII | Leda | 11,165,000 | 240.92 | 1974 | Kowal | Prograde irregular | |||
Jupiter | XIV | Thebe | 221,900 | 0.675 | 1979 | Synnott | Inner moon | |||
Jupiter | XV | Adrastea | 129,000 | 0.298 | 1979 | Jewitt, Danielson | Inner moon | |||
Jupiter | XVI | Metis | 128,000 | 0.295 | 1979 | Synnott | Inner moon | |||
Jupiter | XVII | Callirrhoe | 24,103,000 | 758.77 | 2000 | Scotti, Spahr, McMillan, Larsen, Montani, Gleason, Gehrels | Retrograde irregular | |||
Jupiter | XVIII | Themisto | 7,284,000 | 130.02 | 1975/2000 | Kowal and Roemer ; Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier | Prograde irregular | |||
Jupiter | XIX | Megaclite | 23,493,000 | 752.86 | 2000 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | XX | Taygete | 23,280,000 | 732.41 | 2000 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | XXI | Chaldene | 23,100,000 | 723.72 | 2000 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | XXII | Harpalyke | 20,858,000 | 623.32 | 2000 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | XXIII | Kalyke | 23,483,000 | 742.06 | 2000 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | XXIV | Iocaste | 21,060,000 | 631.60 | 2000 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | XXV | Erinome | 23,196,000 | 728.46 | 2000 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | XXVI | Isonoe | 23,155,000 | 726.23 | 2000 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | XXVII | Praxidike | 20,908,000 | 625.39 | 2000 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | XXVIII | Autonoe | 24,046,000 | 760.95 | 2001 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | XXIX | Thyone | 20,939,000 | 627.21 | 2001 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | XXX | Hermippe | 21,131,000 | 633.9 | 2001 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | |||
Jupiter | XXXI | Aitne | 23,229,000 | 730.18 | 2001 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | XXXII | Eurydome | 22,865,000 | 717.33 | 2001 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | XXXIII | Euanthe | 20,797,000 | 620.49 | 2001 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | XXXIV | Euporie | 19,304,000 | 550.74 | 2001 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | XXXV | Orthosie | 20,720,000 | 622.56 | 2001 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | XXXVI | Sponde | 23,487,000 | 748.34 | 2001 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | XXXVII | Kale | 23,217,000 | 729.47 | 2001 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | XXXVIII | Pasithee | 23,004,000 | 719.44 | 2001 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | XXXIX | Hegemone | 23,577,000 | 739.88 | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | XL | Mneme | 21,035,000 | 620.04 | 2003 | Gladman, Allen | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | XLI | Aoede | 23,980,000 | 761.50 | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | XLII | Thelxinoe | 21,164,000 | 628.09 | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | XLIII | Arche | 23,355,000 | 731.95 | 2002 | Sheppard, Meech, Hsieh, Tholen, Tonry | Retrograde irregular | |||
Jupiter | XLIV | Kallichore | 23,288,000 | 728.73 | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | XLV | Helike | 21,069,000 | 626.32 | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | XLVI | Carpo | 17,058,000 | 456.30 | 2003 | Sheppard, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen, Jewitt, Kleyna | Prograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | XLVII | Eukelade | 23,328,000 | 730.47 | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | XLVIII | Cyllene | 23,809,000 | 752 | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | XLIX | Kore | 24,543,000 | 779.17 | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | L | Herse | 22,983,000 | 714.51 | 2003 | Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | LI | S/2010 J 1 | 23,314,335 | 723.2 | 2010 | Jacobson, Brozović, Gladman, Alexandersen | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | LII | S/2010 J 2 | 20,307,150 | 588.1 | 2010 | Veillet | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | LIII | Dia | 12,570,000 | 287.93 | 2000 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh | Prograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | LIV | S/2016 J 1 | 20,595,480 | 602.7 | 2016 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | LV | S/2003 J 18 | 20,426,000 | 596.58 | 2003 | Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | LVI | S/2011 J 2 | 23,329,710 | 726.8 | 2011 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | LVII | Eirene | 23,498,000 | 738.74 | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | LVIII | Philophrosyne | 22,630,000 | 689.77 | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | LIX | S/2017 J 1 | 23,483,978 | 734.2 | 2017 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | LX | Eupheme | 20,224,000 | 583.88 | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | LXI | S/2003 J 19 | 23,535,000 | 740.43 | 2003 | Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | LXII | Valetudo | 18,928,095 | 532.0 | 2016 | Sheppard | Prograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | LXIII | S/2017 J 2 | 23,240,957 | 723.8 | 2017 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | LXIV | S/2017 J 3 | 20,639,315 | 605.8 | 2017 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | LXV | Pandia | 11,494,801 | 251.8 | 2017 | Sheppard | Prograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | LXVI | S/2017 J 5 | 23,169,389 | 720.5 | 2017 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | LXVII | S/2017 J 6 | 22,394,682 | 684.7 | 2017 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | LXVIII | S/2017 J 7 | 20,571,458 | 602.8 | 2017 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | LXIX | S/2017 J 8 | 23,174,446 | 720.7 | 2017 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | LXX | S/2017 J 9 | 21,429,955 | 640.9 | 2017 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | LXXI | Ersa | 1.5 | 11,453,004 | 250.4 | 2018 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular | - | |
Jupiter | LXXII | S/2011 J 1 | 20,155,290 | 580.7 | 2011 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | — | S/2003 J 2 | 28,455,000 | 981.55 | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | — | S/2003 J 4 | 23,933,000 | 755.26 | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | — | S/2003 J 9 | 23,388,000 | 733.30 | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | — | S/2003 J 10 | 23,044,000 | 716.25 | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | — | S/2003 J 12 | 17,833,000 | 489.72 | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | — | S/2003 J 16 | 20,956,000 | 616.33 | 2003 | Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Jupiter | — | S/2003 J 23 | 23,566,000 | 732.45 | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández | Retrograde irregular | |||
Saturn | I | Mimas | 185,540 | 0.942 | 1789 | Herschel | Main-group moon | |||
Saturn | II | Enceladus | 238,040 | 1.370 | 1789 | Herschel | Main-group moon | |||
Saturn | III | Tethys | 294,670 | 1.888 | 1684 | Cassini | Main-group moon | |||
Saturn | IV | Dione | 377,420 | 2.737 | 1684 | Cassini | Main-group moon | |||
Saturn | V | Rhea | 527,070 | 4.518 | 1672 | Cassini | Main-group moon | |||
Saturn | VI | Titan | 1,221,870 | 15.95 | 1655 | Huygens | Main-group moon | |||
Saturn | VII | Hyperion | 1,500,880 | 21.28 | 1848 | W.Bond, G. Bond, and Lassell | Main-group moon | |||
Saturn | VIII | Iapetus | 3,560,840 | 79.33 | 1671 | Cassini | Main-group moon | |||
Saturn | IX | Phoebe | 12,947,780 | 550.31 | 1899 | Pickering | Retrograde irregular | |||
Saturn | X | Janus | 151,460 | 0.695 | 1966 | Dollfus; Voyager 1 | Inner moon | |||
Saturn | XI | Epimetheus | 151,410 | 0.694 | 1966 | Walker; Voyager 1 | Inner moon | |||
Saturn | XII | Helene | 377,420 | 2.737 | 1980 | Laques, Lecacheux | Main-group trojan | |||
Saturn | XIII | Telesto | 294,710 | 1.888 | 1980 | Smith, Reitsema, Larson, Fountain | Main-group trojan | |||
Saturn | XIV | Calypso | 294,710 | 1.888 | 1980 | Pascu, Seidelmann, Baum, Currie | Main-group trojan | |||
Saturn | XV | Atlas | 137,670 | 0.602 | 1980 | Terrile | Inner moon | |||
Saturn | XVI | Prometheus | 139,380 | 0.613 | 1980 | Collins | Inner moon | |||
Saturn | XVII | Pandora | 141,720 | 0.629 | 1980 | Collins | Inner moon | |||
Saturn | XVIII | Pan | 133,580 | 0.575 | 1990 | Showalter | Inner moon | |||
Saturn | XIX | Ymir | 23,140,400 | 1,315.58 | 2000 | Gladman | Retrograde irregular | |||
Saturn | XX | Paaliaq | 15,200,000 | 686.95 | 2000 | Gladman | Prograde irregular | |||
Saturn | XXI | Tarvos | 17,983,000 | 926.23 | 2000 | Gladman, Kavelaars | Prograde irregular | |||
Saturn | XXII | Ijiraq | 11,124,000 | 451.42 | 2000 | Gladman, Kavelaars | Prograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | XXIII | Suttungr | 19,459,000 | 1,016.67 | 2000 | Gladman, Kavelaars | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | XXIV | Kiviuq | 11,110,000 | 449.22 | 2000 | Gladman | Prograde irregular | |||
Saturn | XXV | Mundilfari | 18,628,000 | 952.77 | 2000 | Gladman, Kavelaars | Retrograde irregular | |||
Saturn | XXVI | Albiorix | 16,182,000 | 783.45 | 2000 | Holman, Spahr | Prograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | XXVII | Skathi | 15,540,000 | 728.20 | 2000 | Gladman, Kavelaars | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | XXVIII | Erriapus | 17,343,000 | 871.19 | 2000 | Gladman, Kavelaars | Prograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | XXIX | Siarnaq | 18,015,400 | 896.44 | 2000 | Gladman, Kavelaars | Prograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | XXX | Thrymr | 20,314,000 | 1,094.11 | 2000 | Gladman, Kavelaars | Retrograde irregular | |||
Saturn | XXXI | Narvi | 19,007,000 | 1,003.86 | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | |||
Saturn | XXXII | Methone | 194,440 | 1.010 | 2004 | Porco, Charnoz, Brahic, Dones | Alkyonide moon | |||
Saturn | XXXIII | Pallene | 212,280 | 1.154 | 2004 | Gordon, Murray, Beurle, et al. | Alkyonide moon | |||
Saturn | XXXIV | Polydeuces | 377,200 | 2.737 | 2004 | Porco et al. | Main-group trojan | |||
Saturn | XXXV | Daphnis | 136,500 | 0.594 | 2005 | Porco et al. | Inner moon | |||
Saturn | XXXVI | Aegir | 20,751,000 | 1,117.52 | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | XXXVII | Bebhionn | 17,119,000 | 834.84 | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Prograde irregular | |||
Saturn | XXXVIII | Bergelmir | 19,336,000 | 1,005.74 | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular | |||
Saturn | XXXIX | Bestla | 20,192,000 | 1,088.72 | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | XL | Farbauti | 20,377,000 | 1,085.55 | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | XLI | Fenrir | 22,454,000 | 1,260.35 | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | XLII | Fornjot | 25,146,000 | 1,494.2 | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular | |||
Saturn | XLIII | Hati | 19,846,000 | 1,038.61 | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | XLIV | Hyrrokkin | 18,437,000 | 931.86 | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | XLV | Kari | 22,089,000 | 1,230.97 | 2006 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | |||
Saturn | XLVI | Loge | 23,058,000 | 1,311.36 | 2006 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | XLVII | Skoll | 17,665,000 | 878.29 | 2006 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | XLVIII | Surtur | 22,704,000 | 1,297.36 | 2006 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | XLIX | Anthe | 197,700 | 1.0365 | 2007 | Porco et al. | Alkyonide moon | |||
Saturn | L | Jarnsaxa | 18,811,000 | 964.74 | 2006 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | LI | Greip | 18,206,000 | 921.19 | 2006 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | LII | Tarqeq | 18,009,000 | 887.48 | 2007 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Prograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | LIII | Aegaeon | 167,500 | 0.808 | 2008 | Cassini Imaging Science Team Cassini–Huygens | G-ring moonlet | |||
Saturn | — | S/2004 S 7 | 20,999,000 | 1,140.24 | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | — | S/2004 S 12 | 19,878,000 | 1,046.19 | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | — | S/2004 S 13 | 18,404,000 | 933.48 | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | — | S/2004 S 17 | 19,447,000 | 1,014.70 | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | — | S/2006 S 1 | 18,790,000 | 963.37 | 2006 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | — | S/2006 S 3 | 22,096,000 | 1,227.21 | 2006 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | — | S/2007 S 2 | 16,725,000 | 808.08 | 2007 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | — | S/2007 S 3 | 18,975,000 | 977.8 | 2007 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | — | S/2009 S 1 | 117,000 | 0.471 | 2009 | Cassini Imaging Science Team Cassini–Huygens | B-ring moonlet | |||
Saturn | — | S/2004 S 20 | 19,418,000 | 1,010.55 | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | — | S/2004 S 21 | 22,645,000 | 1,272.61 | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | — | S/2004 S 22 | 20,636,000 | 1,107.13 | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | — | S/2004 S 23 | 21,163,000 | 1,149.82 | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | — | S/2004 S 24 | 22,901,000 | 1,294.25 | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Prograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | — | S/2004 S 25 | 21,174,000 | 1,150.69 | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | — | S/2004 S 26 | 26,676,000 | 1,627.18 | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | — | S/2004 S 27 | 19,976,000 | 1,054.45 | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden, Jacobson | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | — | S/2004 S 28 | 22,020,000 | 1,220.31 | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | — | S/2004 S 29 | 16,981,000 | 826.44 | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Prograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | — | S/2004 S 30 | 20,396,000 | 1,087.84 | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | — | S/2004 S 31 | 17,568,000 | 869.65 | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Prograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | — | S/2004 S 32 | 21,214,000 | 1,153.96 | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | — | S/2004 S 33 | 24,168,000 | 1,403.18 | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | — | S/2004 S 34 | 24,299,000 | 1,414.59 | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | — | S/2004 S 35 | 22,412,000 | 1,253.08 | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | — | S/2004 S 36 | 23,192,000 | 1,319.07 | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | — | S/2004 S 37 | 15,892,000 | 748.18 | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | — | S/2004 S 38 | 21,908,000 | 1,211.02 | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Saturn | — | S/2004 S 39 | 23,575,000 | 1,351.83 | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Uranus | I | Ariel | 190,900 | 2.520 | 1851 | Lassell | Main-group moon | |||
Uranus | II | Umbriel | 266,000 | 4.144 | 1851 | Lassell | Main-group moon | |||
Uranus | III | Titania | 436,300 | 8.706 | 1787 | Herschel | Main-group moon | |||
Uranus | IV | Oberon | 583,500 | 13.46 | 1787 | Herschel | Main-group moon | |||
Uranus | V | Miranda | 129,900 | 1.413 | 1948 | Kuiper | Main-group moon | |||
Uranus | VI | Cordelia | 49,800 | 0.335 | 1986 | Terrile | Inner moon | |||
Uranus | VII | Ophelia | 53,800 | 0.376 | 1986 | Terrile | Inner moon | |||
Uranus | VIII | Bianca | 59,200 | 0.435 | 1986 | Smith | Inner moon | |||
Uranus | IX | Cressida | 61,800 | 0.464 | 1986 | Synnott | Inner moon | |||
Uranus | X | Desdemona | 62,700 | 0.474 | 1986 | Synnott | Inner moon | |||
Uranus | XI | Juliet | 64,400 | 0.493 | 1986 | Synnott | Inner moon | |||
Uranus | XII | Portia | 66,100 | 0.513 | 1986 | Synnott | Inner moon | |||
Uranus | XIII | Rosalind | 69,900 | 0.558 | 1986 | Synnott | Inner moon | |||
Uranus | XIV | Belinda | 75,300 | 0.624 | 1986 | Synnott | Inner moon | |||
Uranus | XV | Puck | 86,000 | 0.762 | 1985 | Synnott | Inner moon | |||
Uranus | XVI | Caliban | 7,231,100 | 579.73 | 1997 | Gladman, Nicholson, Burns, Kavelaars | Retrograde irregular | |||
Uranus | XVII | Sycorax | 12,179,400 | 1,288.38 | 1997 | Gladman, Nicholson, Burns, Kavelaars | Retrograde irregular | |||
Uranus | XVIII | Prospero | 16,256,000 | 1,978.29 | 1999 | Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, Scholl | Retrograde irregular | |||
Uranus | XIX | Setebos | 17,418,000 | 2,225.21 | 1999 | Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, Scholl | Retrograde irregular | |||
Uranus | XX | Stephano | 8,004,000 | 677.36 | 1999 | Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, Scholl | Retrograde irregular | |||
Uranus | XXI | Trinculo | 8,504,000 | 749.24 | 2001 | Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Uranus | XXII | Francisco | 4,276,000 | 266.56 | 2001 | Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic, Gladman | Retrograde irregular | |||
Uranus | XXIII | Margaret | 14,345,000 | 1,687.01 | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt | Prograde irregular | - | ||
Uranus | XXIV | Ferdinand | 20,901,000 | 2,887.21 | 2001 | Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic, et al. | Retrograde irregular | |||
Uranus | XXV | Perdita | 76,417 | 0.638 | 1999 | Karkoschka | Inner moon | |||
Uranus | XXVI | Mab | 97,736 | 0.923 | 2003 | Showalter, Lissauer | Inner moon | |||
Uranus | XXVII | Cupid | 74,392 | 0.613 | 2003 | Showalter, Lissauer | Inner moon | |||
Neptune | I | Triton | 354,800 | 5.877 | 1846 | Lassell | Retrograde irregular | |||
Neptune | II | Nereid | 5,513,820 | 360.14 | 1949 | Kuiper | Prograde irregular | |||
Neptune | III | Naiad | 48,224 | 0.294 | 1989 | Terrile | Inner moon | |||
Neptune | IV | Thalassa | 50,075 | 0.311 | 1989 | Terrile | Inner moon | - | ||
Neptune | V | Despina | 52,526 | 0.335 | 1989 | Synnott | Inner moon | |||
Neptune | VI | Galatea | 61,953 | 0.429 | 1989 | Synnott | Inner moon | |||
Neptune | VII | Larissa | 73,548 | 0.555 | 1982 | Reitsema, Hubbard, Lebofsky, Tholen | Inner moon | |||
Neptune | VIII | Proteus | 117,647 | 1.122 | 1989 | Synnott | Inner moon | |||
Neptune | IX | Halimede | 15,728,000 | 1,879.71 | 2002 | Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic | Retrograde irregular | |||
Neptune | X | Psamathe | 46,695,000 | 9,115.91 | 2003 | Jewitt, Kleyna, Sheppard, Holman, Kavelaars | Retrograde irregular | |||
Neptune | XI | Sao | 22,422,000 | 2,914.07 | 2002 | Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic | Prograde irregular | - | ||
Neptune | XII | Laomedeia | 23,571,000 | 3,167.85 | 2002 | Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic | Prograde irregular | - | ||
Neptune | XIII | Neso | 48,387,000 | 9,373.99 | 2002 | Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic | Retrograde irregular | - | ||
Neptune | XIV | Hippocamp | 105,283 | 0.9362 | 2013 | Showalter et al. | Inner moon | |||
Orcus | I | Vanth | 9.539 | 2005 | Brown & Suer | Synchronous rotation | ||||
Pluto | I | Charon | 19,591 | 6.387 | 1978 | Christy | Synchronous rotation | |||
Pluto | II | Nix | 19.3 | 48,671 | 24.85 | 2005 | Weaver, Stern, Buie, et al. | Chaotic rotation | ||
Pluto | III | Hydra | 19.5 | 64,698 | 38.20 | 2005 | Weaver, Stern, Buie, et al. | Chaotic rotation | ||
Pluto | IV | Kerberos | 6.3 | 57,729 | 32.17 | 2011 | Showalter | Chaotic rotation | ||
Pluto | V | Styx | 5.5 | 42,393 | 20.16 | 2012 | Showalter | Chaotic rotation | ||
Salacia | I | Actaea | 5.494 | 2006 | Noll et al. | |||||
Haumea | I | Hiiaka | 49,880 | 49.12 | 2005 | Brown et al. | ||||
Haumea | II | Namaka | 25,657 | 18.2783 | 2005 | Brown et al. | ||||
Quaoar | I | Weywot | 12.438 | 2007 | Brown | |||||
Makemake | — | S/2015 1 | 2016 | Parker et al. | ||||||
Varda | I | Ilmarë | 5.751 | 2009 | Noll et al. | |||||
Gonggong | I | Xiangliu | 2010 | Marton, Kiss & Müller | assuming a prograde orbit | |||||
Eris | I | Dysnomia | 15.774 | 2005 | Brown, Rabinowitz, Trujillo et al. | SDO moon |