List of mammals of Nepal
This list of mammals of Nepal presents mammal species recorded in Nepal, of which one is critically endangered, eleven are endangered, twenty are vulnerable, and four are near threatened.
The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed on the IUCN Red List:
EX | Extinct | No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. |
EW | Extinct in the wild | Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range. |
CR | Critically endangered | The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. |
EN | Endangered | The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. |
VU | Vulnerable | The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. |
NT | Near threatened | The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. |
LC | Least concern | There are no current identifiable risks to the species. |
DD | Data deficient | There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species. |
Subclass: [Theria]
Infraclass: [Eutheria]
Order: [Proboscidea] (elephants)
----The elephants comprise three living species and are the largest living land animals.
- Family: Elephantidae
- *Genus: Elephas
- ** Asian elephant, Elephas maximus
Order: [Primate]s
The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, monkeys, and apes.
- Suborder: Haplorhini
- *Infraorder: Simiiformes
- **Parvorder: Catarrhini
- ***Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
- ****Family: Cercopithecidae
- *****Genus: Macaca
- ****** Assam macaque, M. assamensis
- ****** Rhesus macaque, M. mulatta
- *****Subfamily: Colobinae
- ******Genus: Semnopithecus
- ******* Nepal gray langur, S. schistaceus
Order: [Rodent]ia (rodents)
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to.
- Suborder: Hystricognathi
- *Family: Hystricidae
- **Genus: Hystrix
- *** Malayan porcupine, H. brachyura VU
- *** Indian crested porcupine, H. indica LC
- Suborder: Sciurognathi
- *Family: Sciuridae
- **Subfamily: Ratufinae
- ***Genus: Ratufa
- **** Black giant squirrel, Ratufa bicolor NT
- **Subfamily: Sciurinae
- ***Tribe: Pteromyini
- ****Genus: Belomys
- ***** Hairy-footed flying squirrel, Belomys pearsonii DD
- ****Genus: Hylopetes
- ***** Particolored flying squirrel, Hylopetes alboniger EN
- ****Genus: Petaurista
- ***** Spotted giant flying squirrel, Petaurista elegans LC
- ***** Hodgson's giant flying squirrel, Petaurista magnificus LC
- ***** Bhutan giant flying squirrel, Petaurista nobilis NT
- **Subfamily: Callosciurinae
- ***Genus: Callosciurus
- ****Irrawaddy squirrel, C. pygerythrus
- ***Genus: Dremomys
- **** Orange-bellied Himalayan squirrel, Dremomys lokriah LC
- ***Genus: Funambulus
- **** Northern palm squirrel, Funambulus pennantii LC
- ***Genus: Tamiops
- **** Himalayan striped squirrel, Tamiops macclellandi LC
- *Family: Spalacidae
- **Subfamily: Rhizomyinae
- ***Genus: Cannomys
- **** Lesser bamboo rat, Cannomys badius LC
- *Family: Cricetidae
- **Subfamily: Cricetinae
- ***Genus: Cricetulus
- **** Tibetan dwarf hamster, Cricetulus alticola LC
- **Subfamily: Arvicolinae
- ***Genus: Alticola
- **** Stoliczka's mountain vole, Alticola stoliczkanus LC
- **** Strachey's mountain vole, Alticola stracheyi LC
- ***Genus: Microtus
- **** Sikkim vole, Microtus sikimensis LC
- *Family: Muridae
- **Subfamily: Gerbillinae
- ***Genus: Tatera
- **** Indian gerbil, Tatera indica LC
- **Subfamily: Murinae
- ***Genus: Apodemus
- **** Himalayan field mouse, Apodemus gurkha LC
- **** Kashmir field mouse, Apodemus rusiges LC
- **** Ward's field mouse, Apodemus wardi LC
- ***Genus: Bandicota
- **** Greater bandicoot rat, Bandicota indica LC
- ***Genus: Dacnomys
- **** Millard's rat, Dacnomys millardi LC
- ***Genus: Diomys
- **** Crump's mouse, Diomys crumpi DD
- ***Genus: Millardia
- **** Soft-furred rat, Millardia meltada LC
- ***Genus: Mus
- **** Little Indian field mouse, Mus booduga LC
- **** Fawn-colored mouse, Mus cervicolor LC
- **** Cook's mouse, Mus cookii LC
- **** Rock-loving mouse, Mus saxicola LC
- **** Earth-colored mouse, Mus terricolor LC
- ***Genus: Niviventer
- **** Smoke-bellied rat, Niviventer eha LC
- **** Chestnut white-bellied rat, Niviventer fulvescens LC
- **** White-bellied rat, Niviventer niviventer LC
- ***Genus: Rattus
- **** Himalayan field rat, Rattus nitidus LC
- **** Sikkim rat, Rattus sikkimensis VU
- **** Tanezumi rat, Rattus tanezumi LC
- **** Turkestan rat, Rattus turkestanicus LC
- ***Genus: Vandeleuria
- **** Asiatic long-tailed climbing mouse, Vandeleuria oleracea LC
Order: [Lagomorpha] (lagomorphs)
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae, and Ochotonidae. Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
- Family: Ochotonidae
- *Genus: Ochotona
- ** Black-lipped pika, Ochotona curzoniae LC
- ** Himalayan pika, Ochotona himalayana LC
- ** Large-eared pika, Ochotona macrotis LC
- ** Nubra pika, Ochotona nubrica LC
- ** Royle's pika, Ochotona roylei LC
- Family: Leporidae
- *Genus: Caprolagus
- ** Hispid hare, Caprolagus hispidus EN
- *Genus: Lepus
- ** Woolly hare, Lepus oiostolus LC
Order: [Soricomorpha] (shrews, moles, and solenodons)
The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.
- Family: Soricidae
- *Subfamily: Crocidurinae
- **Genus: Crocidura
- *** Grey shrew, Crocidura attenuata LC
- *** Horsefield's shrew, Crocidura horsfieldii LC
- **Genus: Suncus
- *** Etruscan shrew, Suncus etruscus LC
- *** Asian house shrew, Suncus murinus LC
- *** Anderson's shrew, Suncus stoliczkanus LC
- ***Genus: Soriculus
- **** Long-tailed brown-toothed shrew, Soriculus leucops LC
- **** Long-tailed mountain shrew, Soriculus macrurus LC
- **** Himalayan shrew, Soriculus nigrescens LC
- **Tribe: Soricini
- ***Genus: Sorex
- **** Eurasian pygmy shrew, Sorex minutus LC
- Family: Talpidae
- *Subfamily: Talpinae
- **Tribe: Talpini
- ***Genus: Euroscaptor
- **** Himalayan mole, Euroscaptor micrura LC
Order: [Chiroptera] (bats)
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
- Family: Pteropodidae
- *Subfamily: Pteropodinae
- **Genus: Cynopterus
- *** Lesser short-nosed fruit bat, Cynopterus brachyotis LC
- *** Greater short-nosed fruit bat, Cynopterus sphinx LC
- **Genus: Macroglossus
- *** Long-tongued fruit bat, Macroglossus sobrinus LC
- **Genus: Pteropus
- *** Indian flying fox, Pteropus giganteus LC
- **Genus: Rousettus
- *** Leschenault's rousette, Rousettus leschenaulti LC
- **Genus: Sphaerias
- *** Blanford's fruit bat, Sphaerias blanfordi LC
- Family: Hipposideridae
- *Genus: Coelops
- ** East Asian tailless leaf-nosed bat, Coelops frithii
- *Genus: Hipposideros
- ** Ashy roundleaf bat, Hipposideros cineraceus
- ** Fulvus roundleaf bat, Hipposideros fulvus
- ** Indian roundleaf bat, Hipposideros lankadiva
- ** Intermediate roundleaf bat, Hipposideros larvatus
- ** Pomona roundleaf bat, Hipposideros pomona
- Family: Megadermatidae
- *Genus: Megaderma
- ** Greater false vampire bat, Megaderma lyra LC
- Family: Vespertilionidae
- *Subfamily: Kerivoulinae
- **Genus: Kerivoula
- *** Painted bat, Kerivoula picta LC
- *Subfamily: Myotinae
- **Genus: Myotis
- *** Csorba's mouse-eared bat, Myotis csorbai DD
- *** Daubenton's bat, Myotis daubentonii
- *** Hodgson's bat, Myotis formosus
- *** Kashmir cave bat, Myotis longipes VU
- *** Whiskered myotis, Myotis muricola LC
- *** Mandelli's mouse-eared bat, Myotis sicarius VU
- *** Himalayan whiskered bat, Myotis siligorensis LC
- *Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
- **Genus: Arielulus
- *** Black-gilded pipistrelle, Arielulus circumdatus LC
- **Genus: Barbastella
- *** Eastern barbastelle, Barbastella leucomelas LC
- **Genus: Eptesicus
- *** Sombre bat, Eptesicus tatei
- **Genus: Falsistrellus
- *** Chocolate pipistrelle, Falsistrellus affinis LC
- **Genus: Hesperoptenus
- *** Tickell's bat, Hesperoptenus tickelli LC
- **Genus: Ia
- *** Great evening bat, Ia io LC
- **Genus: Nyctalus
- *** Mountain noctule, Nyctalus montanus LC
- **Genus: Philetor
- *** Rohu's bat, Philetor brachypterus LC
- **Genus: Pipistrellus
- *** Indian pipistrelle, Pipistrellus coromandra LC
- *** Java pipistrelle, Pipistrellus javanicus LC
- *** Chocolate pipistrelle, Falsistrellus affinis LC
- **Genus: Scotomanes
- *** Harlequin bat, Scotomanes ornatus LC
- *** Lesser Asiatic yellow bat, Scotophilus kuhlii LC
- *** Greater Asiatic yellow bat, Scotophilus heathii LC
- *Subfamily: Murininae
- **Genus: Murina
- *** Hutton's tube-nosed bat, Murina huttoni LC
- *** Greater tube-nosed bat, Murina leucogaster LC
- *Subfamily: Miniopterinae
- **Genus: Miniopterus
- *** Small bent-winged bat, Miniopterus pusillus LC
- *** Schreibers' long-fingered bat, Miniopterus schreibersii LC
- Family: Molossidae
- *Genus: Chaerephon
- ** Wrinkle-lipped free-tailed bat, Chaerephon plicata LC
- Family: Rhinolophidae
- *Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
- **Genus: Rhinolophus
- *** Intermediate horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus affinis LC
- *** Greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum LC
- *** Blyth's horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus lepidus LC
- *** Woolly horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus luctus LC
- *** Big-eared horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus macrotis LC
- *** Pearson's horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus pearsoni LC
- *** Least horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus pusillus LC
- *** Rufous horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus rouxi LC
- *** Chinese rufous horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus sinicus LC
- *** Little Nepalese horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus subbadius DD
- *** Trefoil horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus trifoliatus LC
- *Subfamily: Hipposiderinae
- **Genus: Hipposideros
- *** Great roundleaf bat, Hipposideros armiger LC
- *** Pomona roundleaf bat, Hipposideros pomona LC
Order: [Pholidota] (pangolins)
The order Pholidota comprises the eight species of pangolin. Pangolins are anteaters and have the powerful claws, elongated snout and long tongue seen in the other unrelated anteater species.
- Family: Manidae
- *Genus: Manis
- **Chinese pangolin, M. pentadactyla
- **Indian pangolin, M. crassicaudata
Order: [Cetacea] (whales)
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
- Suborder: Odontoceti
- *Superfamily: Platanistoidea
- **Family: Platanistidae
- ***Genus: Platanista
- **** Ganges and Indus river dolphin, P. gangetica EN
Order: [Carnivora] (carnivorans)
There are over 260 species of carnivorans; the majority primarily eat meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
- Suborder: Feliformia
- *Family: Felidae
- **Subfamily: Felinae
- ***Genus: Catopuma
- ****Asian golden cat, C. temminckii
- ***Genus: Felis
- ****Jungle cat, F. chaus
- ***Genus: Lynx
- ****Eurasian lynx, L. lynx
- ***Genus: Otocolobus
- ****Pallas's cat, O. manul
- ***Genus: Prionailurus
- ****Leopard cat, P. bengalensis
- ****Fishing cat, P. viverrinus
- ****Rusty-spotted cat, P. rubiginosus
- **Subfamily: Pantherinae
- ***Genus: Neofelis
- ****Clouded leopard, N. nebulosa
- ***Genus: Panthera
- ****Snow leopard, P. uncia
- ****Leopard, P. pardus
- ***** Indian leopard, P. pardus fusca
- ****Tiger, P. tigris
- ***** Bengal tiger, P. tigris tigris
- *Family: Viverridae
- **Subfamily: Paradoxurinae
- ***Genus: Arctictis
- ****Binturong, A. binturong
- ***Genus: Paradoxurus
- ****Asian palm civet, P. hermaphroditus
- ***Genus: Paguma
- ****Masked palm civet, P. larvata
- **Subfamily: Viverrinae
- ***Genus: Viverra
- ****Large Indian civet, V. zibetha
- ***Genus: Viverricula
- ****Small Indian civet, V. indica
- **Subfamily: Prionodontinae
- ***Genus: Prionodon
- **** Spotted linsang, P. pardicolor LC
- *Family: Herpestidae
- **Genus: Herpestes
- ***Indian grey mongoose, H. edwardsii
- ***Javan mongoose, H. javanicus
- *** Crab-eating mongoose, H. urva LC
- *** Ruddy mongoose, H. smithii LC
- *Family: Hyaenidae
- **Genus: Hyaena
- ***Striped hyena, H. hyaena
- Suborder: Caniformia
- *Family: Ailuridae
- **Genus: Ailurus
- *** Red panda, A. fulgens EN
- *Family: Canidae
- **Genus: Canis
- ***Golden jackal, C. aureus
- ***Gray wolf, C. lupus
- **Genus: Cuon
- ***Dhole, C. alpinus
- **Genus: Vulpes
- ***Bengal fox, V. bengalensis
- ***Red fox, V. vulpes
- ***Tibetan fox, V. ferrilata LC
- *Family: Ursidae
- **Genus: Ursus
- ***Brown bear, U. arctos
- ***Asiatic black bear, U. thibetanus
- **Genus: Melursus
- *** Sloth bear, M. ursinus VU
- *Family: Mustelidae
- **Genus: Mustela
- *** Yellow-bellied weasel, M. kathiah LC
- *** Siberian weasel, M. sibirica LC
- **Genus: Martes
- ***Yellow-throated marten, M. flavigula
- **Genus: Mellivora
- ***Honey badger, M. capensis
- **Genus: Lutrogale
- ***Smooth-coated otter, L. perspicillata
- **Genus: Aonyx
- ***Asian small-clawed otter, A. cinereus
Order: [Perissodactyla] (odd-toed ungulates)
The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.
- Family: Rhinocerotidae
- *Genus: Rhinoceros
- ** Indian rhinoceros, R. unicornis
Order: [Artiodactyla] (even-toed ungulates)
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
- Family: Suidae
- *Subfamily: Suinae
- **Genus: Sus
- *** Pygmy hog, S. salvanius CR
- *** Wild boar, S. scrofa LC
- Family: Tragulidae
- *Genus: Moschiola
- ** Indian spotted chevrotain, M. indica LC
- Family: Moschidae
- *Genus: Moschus
- ** White-bellied musk deer, M. chrysogaster EN
- ** Black musk deer, M. fuscus EN
- Family: Cervidae
- *Subfamily: Cervinae
- **Genus: Rucervus
- ***Barasingha, R. duvaucelii
- **Genus: Axis
- *** Chital, A. axis LC
- *Subfamily: Muntiacinae
- **Genus: Muntiacus
- *** Indian muntjac, Muntiacus muntjak LC
- Family: Bovidae
- *Subfamily: Antilopinae
- **Genus: Antilope
- *** Blackbuck, A. cervicapra NT
- *Subfamily: Bovinae
- **Genus: Bos
- ***Gaur, B. gaurus
- *** Wild yak, B. mutus
- **Genus: Bubalus
- ***Wild water buffalo, B. arnee
- **Genus: Tetracerus
- *** Four-horned antelope, T. quadricornis
- *Subfamily: Caprinae
- **Genus: Hemitragus
- *** Himalayan tahr, H. jemlahicus NT
- **Genus: Nemorhaedus
- *** Himalayan serow, N. thar NT
- **Genus: Pseudois
- *** Bharal, P. nayaur LC