List of lieutenant generals in the United States Army before 1960


This is a complete list of lieutenant generals in the United States Army before 1960. The grade of lieutenant general is ordinarily the second-highest in the peacetime Army, ranking above major general and below general.
Originally created for George Washington during the Quasi-War with France, the grade lapsed for most of the 19th century and early 20th century because it was considered too lofty for the diminutive peacetime establishment. Unlike grades of major general and below, the grade of lieutenant general was not considered a functional office during this period, but the penultimate military honor reserved for only the most eminent of wartime generals. After the Spanish–American War, the lieutenant generalcy slowly transitioned from extraordinary accolade to routine appointment, and from permanent personal grade to temporary ex officio rank. The grade was revived permanently just before World War II and has been in continuous existence ever since.
Before World War I there was at most one lieutenant general on active duty at any time. In 1918 two field army commanders received wartime commissions as lieutenant general to accord them rank equal to allied counterparts, the first time the grade had been conferred purely to facilitate future command instead of to reward past service. Dozens of lieutenant generals were appointed during World War II to lead the vastly expanded military establishment, and by January 1, 1960, the official Army register listed 33 lieutenant generals on active duty in the peacetime Army.

Taxonomy

The following list of lieutenant generals includes all officers appointed to that rank in the United States Army prior to January 1, 1960, including brevet and temporary lieutenant generals.
Entries are indexed by the numerical order in which each officer was appointed to that rank while on active duty, or by an asterisk if the officer did not serve in that rank while on active duty. Each entry lists the officer's name, date of rank, date the officer vacated the active-duty rank, number of years on active duty as lieutenant general, positions held as lieutenant general, and other biographical notes.
NameDate of rankDate vacatedYrsPositionNotes

  • Commanding General, U.S. Army, 1798–1799.
 Promoted to General of the Armies posthumously, 4 Jul 1976.
  • Commanding General, U.S. Army, 1841–1861.
    		•  Brevet rank.
  • Commanding General, U.S. Army, 1864–1869.
    		•  Promoted to general, 25 Jul 1866.
  • Commander, Military Division of the Mississippi, 1864–1866.
  • Commander, Military Division of the Missouri, 1866–1869.
    		•  Promoted to general, 4 Mar 1869.
  • Commander, Military Division of the Missouri, 1869–1883.
  • Commanding General, U.S. Army, 1883–1888.
    		•  Promoted to general, 1 Jun 1888.
  • Commanding General, U.S. Army, 1888–1895.
  • Commanding General, U.S. Army, 1895–1903.
  • Commanding General, U.S. Army, 1903.
  • Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, 1903–1904.
  • Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, 1904–1906.
    • 10
  • Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, 1906.
    • 11
  • Commander, Northern Division, 1906.
    • 12
  • Commander, Pacific Division, 1906–1907.
  • Special duty, 1907–1909.
    • 13
  • Commander, First Army, 1918–1919.
  • Commander, Third Army, 1919–1921.
    • 14
  • Commander, Second Army, 1918–1919.
  • Commander, Second Corps Area, 1919–1925.
    • *
    • 15
  • Commanding General, First Army, 1938–1941.
  • Commanding General, First Army/Northeast Defense Command, 1941.
  • Commanding General, First Army/Eastern Theater of Operations, 1941–1942.
  • Commanding General, First Army/Eastern Defense Command, 1942–1943.
  • Commanding General, First Army/Eastern Defense Command/Chairman, Inter-American Defense Board, 1943.
    • 16
  • Commanding General, Second Army, 1938–1940.
    • 17
  • Commanding General, Third Army, 1938–1940.
  • Senior War Department Member, Permanent Joint Board on Defense for Canada and the United States, 1940–1942, and Mexico and the United States, 1942.
  • Chairman, Inter-American Defense Board, 1942–1943 and 1943–1946.
  • Senior War Department Member, Joint Strategic Survey Committee, Joint Chiefs of Staff, 1942–1946.
    • 18
  • Commanding General, Fourth Army, 1938–1939.
    • 19
  • Commanding General, Fourth Army, 1939–1941.
  • Commanding General, Fourth Army/Western Defense Command, 1941–1943.
  • Commandant, Army-Navy Staff College, 1943–1946.
    		•  Promoted to general on the retired list, 19 Jul 1954.
    20
  • Commanding General, Hawaiian Department, 1938–1941.
    • 21
  • Commanding General, Panama Canal Department, 1940–1941.
  • Commanding General, Panama Canal Department/Caribbean Defense Command, 1941.
    • 22
  • Commanding General, Third Army, 1940–1941.
    • 23
  • Commanding General, Second Army, 1940–1941.
  • Commanding General, Second Army/Central Defense Command, 1941–1943.
  • Member, War Department Personnel Board, 1943–1944.
  • Commanding General, Army Ground Forces, 1944–1945.
  • Deputy Commanding General, European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army, 1945.
    		•  Promoted to general on the retired list, 19 Jul 1954.
    24
  • Commander, General Headquarters Air Force, 1940–1941.
  • Commander, Air Force Combat Command, 1941.
  • Commanding General, Hawaiian Department, 1941–1943.
  • Commanding General, Western Defense Command, 1943–1944.
  • Commanding General, Alaskan Department, 1944–1946.
  • Commandant, Armed Forces Staff College, 1946–1948.
    • 25
  • Commanding General, Hawaiian Department, 1941.
    • 26
  • Commanding General, Third Army, 1941.
  • Commanding General, Third Army/Southern Defense Command, 1941–1943.
  • Commanding General, Sixth Army, 1943–1946.
    		•  Promoted to general, 5 Mar 1945.
    27
  • Chief of Staff, General Headquarters, U.S. Army, 1941–1942.
  • Commanding General, Army Ground Forces, 1942–1944.
    		•  Promoted to general posthumously, 19 Jul 1954. Killed in action.
    28
  • Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces in the Far East, 1941–1942.
    		•  Promoted to general, 18 Dec 1941; to general of the Army, 18 Dec 1944.
    29
  • Commanding General, Panama Canal Department/Caribbean Defense Command, 1941–1942.
  • Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces in the Middle East, 1942–1943.
  • Commanding General, European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army, 1943.
    		•  Died in office.
    30
  • Chief, Army Air Forces, 1941–1942.
  • Commanding General, Army Air Forces, 1942–1946.
    		•  Promoted to general, 19 Mar 1943; to general of the Army, 21 Dec 1944; to general of the Air Force, 7 May 1949.
    31
  • Deputy Commander, American-British-Dutch-Australian Command/Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces in Australia, 1942.
  • Deputy Commander, American-British-Dutch-Australian Command, 1942.
  • Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces in Australia, 1942.
  • Commanding General, Allied Air Forces, South West Pacific Area, 1942.
  • Commanding General, Panama Canal Department/Caribbean Defense Command, 1942–1945.
    • 32
  • Director of Production, Office of the Under Secretary of War, 1942–1945.
    		•  Resigned, 1945.
    33
  • Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces, China Burma India Theater, 1942–1943.
  • Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces, China Burma India Theater/Deputy Supreme Allied Commander, South East Asia, 1943–1944.
    		•  Promoted to general, 1 Aug 1944.
    34
  • Commanding General, Services of Supply, 1942–1943.
  • Commanding General, Army Service Forces, 1943–1946.
    		•  Promoted to general, 6 Mar 1945.
    35
  • Commanding General, U.S. Forces in the Philippines, 1942.
    		•  Promoted to general, 6 Sep 1945.
    36
  • Deputy Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, 1942–1944.
  • Commanding General, Mediterranean Theater of Operations, U.S. Army/Deputy Supreme Allied Commander, Mediterranean, 1944–1945.
    		•  Promoted to general, 7 Mar 1945.
    37
  • Commanding General, European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army, 1942.
  • Commander in Chief, Allied Force/Commanding General, European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army, 1942–1943.
  • Commander in Chief, Allied Force/Commanding General, North African Theater of Operations, U.S. Army, 1943.
    		•  Promoted to general, 11 Feb 1943; to general of the Army, 20 Dec 1944.
    *
    • *
    • 38
  • Commanding General, European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army, 1943–1944.
  • Commanding General, North African Theater of Operations, U.S. Army/Deputy Supreme Allied Commander, Mediterranean, 1944.
  • Commanding General, Sixth Army Group, 1944–1945.
    		•  Promoted to general, 8 Mar 1945.
    39
  • Commanding General, I Corps, 1942–1944.
  • Commanding General, Eighth Army, 1944–1948.
    		•  Promoted to general on the retired list, 19 Jul 1954.
    40
  • Commanding General, Allied Air Forces, South West Pacific Area, 1942.
  • Commanding General, Allied Air Forces, South West Pacific Area/Fifth Air Force, 1942–1944.
  • Commanding General, Far East Air Forces, 1944–1945.
    		•  Promoted to general, 9 Mar 1945.
    41
  • Deputy Commander in Chief, Allied Force, 1942–1943.
  • Commanding General, Fifth Army, 1944.
  • Commanding General, Fifteenth Army Group, 1944–1945.
    		•  Promoted to general, 10 Mar 1945.
    42
  • Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces in the South Pacific Area, 1942–1944.
  • Commanding General, U.S. Army Air Forces in the Pacific Ocean Areas/Deputy Commanding General, Twentieth Air Force, 1944–1946.
    		•  Died in office.
    43
  • Commanding General, Third Army/Southern Defense Command, 1943–1944.
  • Deputy Commanding General, First Army, 1944.
  • Commanding General, First Army, 1944–1949.
    		•  Promoted to general, 26 Apr 1945.
    44
  • Commanding General, II Corps, 1943.
  • Commanding General, Seventh Army, 1943.
  • Commanding General, First Army Group, 1944.
  • Commanding General, Third Army, 1944–1945.
  • Commanding General, Fifteenth Army, 1945.
    		•  Promoted to general, 14 Apr 1945.
    45
  • Commanding General, Twelfth Air Force, 1942–1943.
  • Commanding General, Fifteenth Air Force, 1943–1944.
  • Commanding General, U.S. Strategic Air Forces in Europe, 1944–1945.
    		•  Promoted to general, 11 Mar 1945.
    46
  • Commanding General, Alaska Defense Command, 1940–1944.
  • Commanding General, Tenth Army, 1944–1945.
    		•  Promoted to general posthumously, 19 Jul 1954. Killed in action.
    47
  • Commanding General, Hawaiian Department/U.S. Army Forces in the Pacific Ocean Areas, 1943.
  • Commanding General, Hawaiian Department/U.S. Army Forces, Central Pacific Area, 1943–1944.
  • Commanding General, Hawaiian Department/U.S. Army Forces, Middle Ocean Areas, 1944–1945.
  • Commanding General, Hawaiian Department/U.S. Army Forces, Middle Pacific, 1945–1946.
    		•  Promoted to general posthumously, 19 Jul 1954.
    48
  • Commanding General, Second Army/Central Defense Command, 1943–1945.
    • 49
  • Commanding General, II Corps, 1943–1944.
  • Commanding General, First Army, 1944.
  • Commanding General, Twelfth Army Group, 1944–1945.
    		•  Promoted to general, 12 Mar 1945; to general of the Army, 22 Sep 1950.
    50
  • Commanding General, Army Air Forces Training Command, 1943–1946.
    • 51
  • Commanding General, Eighth Air Force, 1942–1943.
  • Commander in Chief, Mediterranean Allied Air Forces, 1943–1945.
  • Deputy Commanding General, Army Air Forces/Chief, Air Staff, 1945–1947.
    		•  Promoted to general on the retired list, 26 Apr 1985.
    52
  • Commanding General, First Army/Eastern Defense Command, 1943–1944.
  • Commanding General, Eastern Defense Command/Second Service Command, 1944–1945.
    • 53
  • Commanding General, Fourth Army, 1943–1944.
  • Commanding General, Eighth Army, 1944.
  • Commanding General, Ninth Army, 1944–1945.
  • Commanding General, Second Army, 1945–1946.
    		•  Promoted to general on the retired list, 19 Jul 1954.
    54
  • Chief of Staff, Allied Forces Headquarters, 1942–1944.
  • Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force, 1944–1945.
  • Chief of Staff, U.S. Forces, European Theater, 1945.
  • Commanding General, First Army, 1949–1950.
  • Director of Central Intelligence, 1950–1953.
    		•  Promoted to general, 1 Jul 1951.
    55
  • Chief of Staff, South West Pacific Area, 1942–1945.
    • 56
  • Commanding General, Services of Supply, European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army/Deputy Commanding General, European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army, 1944.
  • Commanding General, Communications Zone, European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army/Deputy Commanding General, European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army, 1944.
  • Commanding General, Communications Zone, European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army, 1944–1945.
  • Commanding General, Theater Service Forces, European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army, 1945–1946.
  • Commanding General, Mediterranean Theater of Operations, U.S. Army/Deputy Supreme Allied Commander, Mediterranean, 1946–1947.
    • 57
  • Deputy Supreme Allied Commander, South East Asia, 1944–1945.
  • Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army, 1945–1949.
    • 58
  • Commanding General, Eighth Air Force, 1944–1945.
    		•  Promoted to general on the retired list, 4 Apr 1985.
    59
  • Commanding General, Ninth Air Force, 1943–1944.
  • Commanding General, First Allied Airborne Army, 1944–1945.
  • Commanding General, Third Air Force, 1945–1946.
  • Commanding General, First Air Force, 1946.
  • Special duty, Office of the Secretary of War, 1946–1947.
  • Chairman, Military Liaison Committee, Atomic Energy Commission, 1947–1948.
  • Secretary General, Air Board, 1948.
    • 60
  • Chief, Air Staff, 1943–1944.
  • Deputy Commanding General, Army Air Forces/Chief, Air Staff, 1944–1945.
  • Commanding General, U.S. Army Air Forces in the Pacific Ocean Area/Deputy Commanding General, U.S. Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific, 1945.
  • Commanding General, U.S. Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific, 1945–1946.
    • 61
  • Commanding General, Seventh Army, 1944–1945.
  • Commanding General, Fourth Army, 1945.
    		•  Promoted to general posthumously, 19 Jul 1954. Died in office.
    62
  • Deputy Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces, China Burma India Theater, 1943–1944.
  • Commander, U.S. Forces, India-Burma Theater, 1944–1945.
  • Inspector General, U.S. Army, 1945–1947.
    		•  Died in office.
    63
  • Deputy Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, 1944–1947.
    		•  Promoted to general, 13 Mar 1945.
    64
  • Commanding General, VI Corps, 1944.
  • Commanding General, Fifteenth Army, 1944.
  • Commanding General, Fifth Army, 1944–1945.
  • Commanding General, Third Army, 1945–1946.
    		•  Promoted to general on the retired list, 19 Jul 1954.
    65
  • Deputy Commanding General/Chief of Staff, Army Service Forces, 1942–1945.
  • Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces, Western Pacific, 1945–1946.
    • 66
  • Commanding General, V Corps, 1943–1945.
  • Commanding General, Fifteenth Army, 1945.
  • Commandant, Command and General Staff School, 1945–1948.
  • Commanding General, Second Army, 1948–1950.
    		•  Promoted to general on the retired list, 19 Jul 1954.
    67
  • Commander, U.S. Forces, China Theater, 1944–1946.
  • Commanding General, Second Army, 1946–1947.
  • Director, Plans and Operations, U.S. Army, 1947–1948.
  • Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans and Combat Operations, U.S. Army, 1948–1949.
  • Commanding General, Sixth Army, 1949–1951.
    		•  Promoted to general on the retired list, 19 Jul 1954.
    68
  • Commanding General, Air Transport Command, 1942–1946.
    • 69
  • Commander in Chief, Mediterranean Allied Air Forces/Commanding General, Twelfth Air Force, 1945.
  • Commanding General, U.S. Strategic Air Forces in Europe, 1945.
  • Commanding General, U.S. Air Forces in Europe, 1945–1946.
  • Commanding General, Air Training Command, 1946–1948.
  • Commanding General, U.S. Air Forces in Europe, 1948–1950.
  • Commander in Chief, U.S. Air Forces in Europe, 1950–1951.
    		•  Promoted to general, 29 Oct 1951.
    70
  • Commanding General, Ninth Air Force, 1944–1945.
  • Assistant Chief, Air Staff for Operations, 1945–1946.
  • Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence, U.S. Army, 1946.
  • Director, Central Intelligence Group, 1946–1947.
  • Deputy Commanding General, Army Air Forces/Chief, Air Staff, 1947.
    		•  Promoted to general, 1 Oct 1947.
    71
  • Quartermaster General, U.S. Army, 1940–1946.
    • 72
  • Commanding General, XIV Corps, 1943–1946.
  • Commanding General, Seventh Army, 1946–1947.
  • Commanding General, Third Army, 1947.
    • 73
  • Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army, 1941–1945.
    • 74
  • Commanding General, XX Corps, 1944–1945.
  • Commanding General, Eighth Service Command, 1945–1946.
  • Commanding General, Sixth Service Command, 1946.
  • Commanding General, Fifth Army, 1946–1948.
  • Commanding General, Eighth Army, 1948–1950.
    		•  Promoted to general posthumously, 2 Jan 1951. Died in office.
    75
  • Commanding General, XV Corps, 1943–1945.
  • Commanding General, Seventh Army, 1945.
  • President, Secretary of War's Personnel Board, 1945–1946.
  • Senior Member, Chief of Staff's Advisory Group, 1946–1948.
  • Deputy Chief of Staff for Administration, U.S. Army, 1948–1949.
    		•  Promoted to general, 1 Oct 1949.
    76
  • Chief of Ordnance, U.S. Army, 1942–1946.
    • 77
  • Commanding General, VII Corps, 1944–1945.
  • Deputy Commanding General/Chief of Staff, Army Ground Forces, 1945.
  • Chief of Information, U.S. Army, 1946–1947.
  • Deputy Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, 1947–1948.
    		•  Promoted to general, 24 Jan 1948.
    78
  • Commanding General, II Corps, 1943–1945.
  • Commanding General, Seventh Army, 1945–1946.
  • Commanding General, Third Army, 1946–1947.
  • Commanding General, U.S. Forces Austria/U.S. High Commissioner for Austria, 1947–1950.
  • Director, Weapons Systems Evaluation Group, 1951–1954.
    • 79
  • Deputy Commanding General, U.S. Forces, European Theater/Deputy Military Governor, U.S. Occupation Zone in Germany, 1945–1947.
    		•  Promoted to general, 28 Mar 1947.
    80
  • Commanding General, Eastern Air Command/U.S. Army Air Forces, India-Burma Theater, 1944–1945.
  • Commanding General, U.S. Army Air Forces, China Theater, 1945–1946.
  • Commanding General, Air Defense Command, 1946–1948.
  • Commanding General, Continental Air Command, 1948–1949.
  • Commanding General, Far East Air Forces, 1949–1951.
    • 81
  • Commanding General, XIII Corps, 1943–1945.
  • Commanding General, VII Corps, 1945–1946.
  • Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces in China, 1946–1947.
  • Commanding General, Third Army, 1947–1950.
    • 82
  • Commanding General, IV Corps, 1944–1945.
  • Commanding General, Panama Canal Department/Caribbean Defense Command, 1945–1947.
  • Commander in Chief, Caribbean Command, 1947–1948.
  • U.S. Representative, Inter-American Defense Board, 1948–1950.
  • Commanding General, First Army, 1950–1952.
    • 83
  • Commanding General, XI Corps, 1942–1946.
  • Director, Organization and Training, U.S. Army, 1946–1948.
    • 84
  • Commanding General, XVIII Airborne Corps, 1944–1945.
  • Commanding General, Mediterranean Theater of Operations, U.S. Army/Deputy Supreme Allied Commander, Mediterranean, 1945–1946.
  • U.S. Army Representative, Military Staff Committee, United Nations, 1946–1948.
  • Commander in Chief, Caribbean Command, 1948–1949.
  • Deputy Chief of Staff for Administration, U.S. Army, 1949–1950.
  • Commanding General, Eighth Army, 1950–1951.
  • Supreme Commander, Allied Powers/Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Commander in Chief, Far East Command, 1951.
    		•  Promoted to general, 11 May 1951.
    85
  • Deputy Commanding General/Chief of Staff, Army Service Forces, 1945–1946.
  • Commanding General, Army Service Forces, 1946.
  • Director, Service, Supply, and Procurement, U.S. Army, 1946–1948.
  • Commanding General, Fourth Army, 1949–1952.
    • 86
  • Commanding General, VIII Corps, 1944–1945.
    • 87
  • Commanding General, Mediterranean Allied Strategic Air Forces/Fifteenth Air Force, 1943–1945.
  • Commanding General, Twentieth Air Force, 1945.
  • Commanding General, Air Materiel Command, 1946–1947.
  • Commanding General, Alaskan Department, 1947.
  • Commander in Chief, Alaskan Command, 1947–1950.
  • Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel, U.S. Air Force, 1950.
    		•  Promoted to general, 10 Oct 1950.
    88
  • Commanding General, Fifth Air Force, 1944–1945.
  • Commanding General, Pacific Air Command, U.S. Army, 1945–1947.
  • Commanding General, Far East Air Forces, 1947–1949.
  • Commanding General, Continental Air Command, 1949–1950.
  • Commanding General, Continental Air Command/Air Defense Command, 1950.
  • Commanding General, Air Defense Command, 1950–1951.
    • 89
  • Commanding General, XXIV Corps, 1944–1945.
  • Commanding General, XXIV Corps/U.S. Army Forces in Korea, 1945–1948.
  • Commanding General, V Corps, 1948–1950.
  • Commanding General, Third Army, 1950–1952.
  • Chief, Army Field Forces, 1952–1953.
    		•  Promoted to general, 5 Jul 1952.
    90
  • Assistant Chief of Staff, Operations Division, U.S. Army, 1944–1946.
  • Director, Plans and Operations, U.S. Army, 1946.
  • Commander, U.S. Army Forces, Middle Pacific, 1946–1947.
  • Commanding General, U.S. Army, Pacific, 1947–1949.
  • Director, Weapons Systems Evaluation Group, 1949–1951.
  • Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Administration, U.S. Army, 1951.
    		•  Promoted to general, 30 Jul 1951.
    91
  • Commanding General, XIX Corps, 1944–1945.
  • Chief of Information, U.S. Army, 1948–1949.
  • Comptroller, U.S. Army, 1949–1952.
    • 92
  • Deputy Commander in Chief, U.S. European Command, 1947–1950.
    • 93
  • Commandant, Command and General Staff College, 1948–1950.
  • Commanding General, Seventh Army, 1950–1952.
  • Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe, 1952–1953.
    • 94
  • Director, Intelligence, U.S. Army, 1946–1948.
  • Commanding General, Fifth Army, 1948–1951.
    • 95
  • Director, Service, Supply, and Procurement, U.S. Army, 1948.
  • Director, Logistics, U.S. Army, 1948–1949.
  • Commanding General, U.S. Army Pacific, 1949–1952.
    • 96
  • Director, Personnel and Administration, U.S. Army, 1946–1948.
    • 97
  • Chief, Armed Forces Special Weapons Project/Member, Military Liaison Committee, Atomic Energy Commission, 1947–1948.
    • 98
  • Director, Joint U.S. Military Advisory and Planning Group in Greece, 1948–1950.
  • Commanding General, Second Army, 1950–1951.
  • Commanding General, Eighth Army, 1951–1953.
    		•  Promoted to general, 31 Jul 1951.
    99
  • Director, Personnel and Administration, U.S. Army, 1949–1950.
  • Assistant Chief of Staff, G-1, Personnel, U.S. Army, 1950–1951.
  • Commanding General, Second Army, 1951–1953.
    • 100
  • Director, Logistics, U.S. Army, 1949–1950.
  • Assistant Chief of Staff, G-4, Logistics, U.S. Army, 1950–1952.
    • 101
  • Commandant, National War College, 1949–1952.
    • 102
  • Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans and Combat Operations, U.S. Army, 1949–1950.
  • Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans, U.S. Army, 1950–1951.
  • Chief, Advanced Planning Group, 1951.
  • Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe, 1951–1953.
    		•  Promoted to general, 1 Aug 1951.
    103
  • Commander in Chief, Caribbean Command, 1949–1952.
    • 104
  • Commanding General, U.S. Forces Austria, 1950–1952.
    • 105
  • Commanding General, I Corps, 1950–1951.
  • Inspector of Infantry, Office of the Chief of Army Field Forces, 1951–1952.
    • 106
  • Commandant, Army War College, 1951.
  • Commanding General, Sixth Army, 1951–1954.
    • 107
  • Commanding General, V Corps, 1950–1951.
  • Commanding General, XVIII Airborne Corps, 1951–1952.
    • 108
  • Deputy Commanding General, Eighth Army, 1951–1952.
    • 109
  • Commanding General, X Corps/Chief of Staff, Supreme Commander, Allied Powers/United Nations Command/Far East Command, 1950–1951.
  • Commanding General, X Corps, 1951.
  • Commandant, Army War College, 1951–1953.
    • 110
  • Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans, U.S. Army, 1951–1952.
  • Commanding General, Seventh Army, 1952–1953.
  • Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe, 1953.
    		•  Promoted to general, 30 Jul 1953.
    111
  • Commanding General, IX Corps, 1951–1952.
  • Commanding General, Fourth Army, 1952–1953.
  • Commanding General, Seventh Army, 1953.
  • Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe, 1953–1955.
    		•  Promoted to general, 23 Oct 1953.
    112
  • Chief of Staff, Supreme Commander, Allied Powers/United Nations Command/Far East Command, 1951–1952.
  • Chief of Staff, United Nations Command/Far East Command, 1952–1953.
    • 113
  • Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Administration, U.S. Army, 1951–1953.
    		•  Promoted to general, 23 Jun 1953.
    114
  • Commandant, Armed Forces Staff College, 1951–1954.
    • 115
  • Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army, 1949–1953.
    • 116
  • Assistant Chief of Staff, G-1, Personnel, U.S. Army, 1951–1953.
  • Commanding General, Seventh Army, 1953–1955.
  • Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe, 1955–1956.
    		•  Promoted to general, 1 Mar 1955.
    117
  • Commanding General, I Corps, 1951–1952.
  • Commanding General, U.S. Army Pacific, 1952–1954.
  • Chief, Military Assistance Advisory Group, Indo-China, 1954–1955.
  • Chief, Military Assistance Advisory Group, Vietnam, 1955.
    • 118
  • Commander in Chief, Caribbean Command, 1952–1954.
    • 119
  • Commanding General, IX Corps, 1951–1952.
  • Commander in Chief, Allied Land Forces South-Eastern Europe, 1952–1954.
  • Commanding General, Sixth Army, 1954–1955.
  • Deputy Commanding General, Continental Army Command, 1955–1956.
    		•  Promoted to general, 1 Mar 1956.
    120
  • Commanding General, X Corps, 1951–1952.
  • Assistant Chief of Staff, G-4, Logistics, U.S. Army, 1952–1954.
  • Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics, U.S. Army, 1954–1955.
    		•  Promoted to general, 1 May 1955.
    121
  • Comptroller, U.S. Army, 1952–1955.
  • Commanding General, VII Corps, 1955–1956.
    		•  Promoted to general, 31 May 1956.
    122
  • Commanding General, Army Anti-Aircraft Command, 1952–1954.
    • 123
  • Commanding General, U.S. Forces Austria, 1952–1953.
    • 124
  • Inspector General, U.S. Army, 1952–1954.
    • 125
  • Commanding General, Third Army, 1952–1955.
    • 126
  • Commanding General, Fifth Army, 1952–1954.
    • 127
  • Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans, U.S. Army, 1952–1955.
    		•  Promoted to general, 25 Mar 1955.
    128
  • Deputy Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Far East, 1952–1953.
  • Chief of Staff, United Nations Command/Far East Command, 1953–1954.
  • Commander in Chief, Caribbean Command, 1954–1957.
    • 129
  • Commanding General, I Corps, 1952–1953.
  • Deputy Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Far East, 1953–1954.
  • Commander in Chief, Allied Land Forces South-Eastern Europe, 1954–1955.
    • 130
  • Commanding General, IX Corps, 1952–1953.
  • Commanding General, X Corps, 1953.
    • 131
  • Commanding General, X Corps, 1952–1953.
  • Commanding General, Fourth Army, 1953–1955.
    		•  Promoted to general, 22 Jun 1955.
    132
  • Commanding General, First Army, 1953–1954.
    • 133
  • Director, National Security Agency, 1952–1956.
    • 134
  • Commanding General, Fourth Army, 1953.
  • Assistant Chief, Army Field Forces, 1953.
  • Chief, Army Field Forces, 1953–1955.
    		•  Promoted to general, 18 Aug 1954.
    135
  • Commanding General, U.S. Forces Austria, 1953–1955.
  • Commanding General, Fifth Army, 1955–1961.
    • 136
  • Commanding General, I Corps, 1953.
  • Commanding General, X Corps, 1953–1954.
  • Commanding General, U.S. Army Pacific, 1954–1956.
  • Commanding General, Seventh Army, 1956–1958.
    		•  Promoted to general, 1 Aug 1958.
    137
  • Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe, 1953–1959.
    		•  Promoted to general, 18 May 1956.
    138
  • Commanding General, Second Army, 1953–1956.
    • 139
  • Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Administration, U.S. Army, 1953–1955.
  • Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel, U.S. Army, 1956–1957.
    • 140
  • Deputy Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Far East, 1954.
  • Commanding General, IX Corps, 1954–1955.
  • Commanding General, Third Army, 1955–1958.
  • Director, Net Evaluation Subcommittee, National Security Council, 1958–1961.
    • 141
  • Commanding General, I Corps, 1954.
  • Superintendent, U.S. Military Academy, 1954–1956.
  • Commanding General, U.S. Army Pacific, 1956–1957.
  • Commanding General, First Army, 1957–1960.
    • 142
  • Chief of Staff, United Nations Command/Far East Command, 1954–1955.
  • Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics, U.S. Army, 1955–1959.
    		•  Promoted to general, 1 Jul 1959.
    143
  • Director, Joint Staff, 1954–1955.
  • Commanding General, V Corps, 1956–1957.
  • Commanding General, Sixth Army, 1957–1958.
  • Chairman, Inter-American Defense Board, 1959–1961.
    • 144
  • Commanding General, VII Corps, 1954–1955.
  • Commanding General, Seventh Army, 1955–1956.
    		•  Promoted to general, 1 Jun 1956.
    145
  • Commanding General, I Corps, 1954.
  • Commanding General, I Corps/Deputy Commanding General, Eighth Army, 1954–1955.
  • Commanding General, I Corps, 1955.
  • Deputy Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Far East/Eighth Army, 1955.
  • Commanding General, Fourth Army, 1955–1958.
    • 146
  • Commanding General, V Corps, 1954–1956.
  • Commanding General, Army Air Defense Command, 1957–1960.
    • 147
  • Commanding General, Fifth Army, 1954–1955.
    • 148
  • Commanding General, Army Air Defense Command, 1952–1957.
    • 149
  • Commanding General, First Army, 1954–1957.
    • 150
  • Deputy Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Far East/Eighth Army, 1954–1955.
    • 151
  • Comptroller, U.S. Army, 1955–1957.
    • 152
  • Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans, U.S. Army, 1955.
  • Chief of Research and Development, U.S. Army, 1955–1958.
    • 153
  • Commanding General, Sixth Army, 1955–1957.
    • 154
  • Commanding General, I Corps, 1955–1956.
  • Commander in Chief, Caribbean Command, 1956–1958.
    		•  Died in office.
    155
  • Commanding General, Allied Land Forces South-Eastern Europe, 1955–1957.
  • Commanding General, Second Army, 1957–1960.
    • 156
  • Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army, 1953–1956.
    • 157
  • Commandant, NATO Defense College, 1955–1957.
  • Military Adviser to the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs, 1957–1959.
    • 158
  • Deputy Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Far East/Eighth Army, 1955–1957.
  • Commanding General, U.S. Army Japan/Deputy Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Deputy Commander, U.S. Forces Korea/Deputy Commanding General, Eighth Army, 1957–1958.
  • Commanding General, Sixth Army, 1958–1959.
    		•  Promoted to general, 1 Oct 1959.
    159
  • Chief, Military Assistance Advisory Group, Vietnam, 1955–1960.
    • 160
  • Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans, U.S. Army, 1955.
  • Deputy Chief of Staff for Military Operations, U.S. Army, 1956–1958.
    		•  Promoted to general, 1 Apr 1959.
    161
  • Military Adviser to the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs, 1955–1957.
  • Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for National Security Council Affairs, 1957–1958.
  • Special Assistant to the Secretary of Defense, 1958–1959.
    • 162
  • Commanding General, IX Corps/Ryukyu Command/Deputy Governor, Ryukyu Islands, 1956–1957.
  • Commanding General, IX Corps/U.S. Army Ryukyu Islands/Deputy Governor, Ryukyu Islands, 1957.
  • Commanding General, IX Corps/U.S. Army Ryukyu Islands/U.S. High Commissioner, Ryukyu Islands, 1957–1958.
  • Deputy Chief of Staff for Military Operations, U.S. Army, 1958–1959.
    		•  Promoted to general, 21 Apr 1960.
    163
  • Deputy Commanding General, Continental Army Command, 1956–1958.
  • Commanding General, Fourth Army, 1959–1961.
    • 164
  • Director, Selective Service System, 1936–1970.
    		•  Promoted to general on the retired list, 23 Dec 1969.
    165
  • Chief of Ordnance, U.S. Army, 1953–1958.
  • Commanding General, U.S. Army, Japan/Deputy Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Deputy Commander, U.S. Forces Korea/Deputy Commanding General, Eighth Army, 1958.
  • Deputy Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Deputy Commander, U.S. Forces Korea/Deputy Commanding General, Eighth Army, 1958–1960.
  • Commanding General, Fifth Army, 1961–1962.
    • 166
  • Special Assistant to the Joint Chiefs of Staff for National Security Council Affairs, 1955–1957.
  • Commanding General, V Corps, 1957–1959.
  • Commanding General, Seventh Army, 1959–1960.
    • 167
  • Commanding General, VII Corps, 1956–1958.
    • 168
  • Deputy Commanding General for Reserve Forces, Continental Army Command, 1956–1958.
  • Commander in Chief, Caribbean Command, 1958–1960.
  • Commanding General, Second Army, 1960–1962.
    • *
    • 169
  • Commanding General, I Corps, 1956–1958.
  • Chief of Research and Development, U.S. Army, 1958–1962.
    • 170
  • Inspector General, U.S. Army, 1956–1957.
    • 171
  • Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel, U.S. Army, 1956–1958.
  • Commanding General, IX Corps/U.S. Army Ryukyu Islands/U.S. High Commissioner, Ryukyu Islands, 1958–1961.
  • Commanding General, Fourth Army, 1961–1962.
    • 172
  • Superintendent, U.S. Military Academy, 1956–1960.
  • Commanding General, Seventh Army, 1960–1962.
  • Commanding General, First Army, 1962–1964.
    • 173
  • Comptroller, U.S. Army, 1957–1960.
    • 174
  • Deputy Commander in Chief/Chief of Staff, U.S. Army Pacific, 1957–1959.
  • Commanding General, Sixth Army, 1959–1961.
    • 175
  • Commander, Allied Land Forces South-Eastern Europe, 1957–1960.
  • Deputy Commander in Chief/Chief of Staff, U.S. Army Pacific, 1960–1962.
    		•  Promoted to general, 2 Jan 1962.
    176
  • Commanding General, I Corps, 1958–1959.
  • Deputy Commander in Chief/Chief of Staff, U.S. Army Pacific, 1959–1960.
  • Commanding General, XVIII Airborne Corps, 1960–1961.
  • Commanding General, Third Army, 1961–1962.
    • 177
  • Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel, U.S. Army, 1958–1961.
    		•  Promoted to general, 1 Apr 1961.
    178
  • Deputy Commanding General for Reserve Forces, Continental Army Command, 1958–1960.
  • Commanding General, Third Army, 1960.
    		•  Promoted to general, 1 Oct 1960.
    179
  • Commanding General, Third Army, 1958–1960.
    		•  Promoted to general, 1 Mar 1960.
    180
  • Chief Signal Officer, U.S. Army, 1955–1959.
    • 181
  • Commandant, National War College, 1958–1961.
    • 182
  • Commanding General, VII Corps, 1958–1959.
  • Deputy Commanding General for Development, Continental Army Command, 1959–1961.
    • 183
  • Commanding General, Fourth Army, 1958–1959.
  • Commanding General, VII Corps, 1959–1961.
  • Deputy Commanding General, Eighth Army, 1961.
    		•  Promoted to general, 1 Jul 1961.
    184
  • Commanding General, V Corps, 1959–1960.
  • Commanding General, Third Army, 1960–1961.
    		•  Promoted to general, 3 Oct 1961.
    185
  • Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics, U.S. Army, 1959–1964.
  • Commanding General, Fourth Army, 1964–1966.
    • 186
  • Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army, 1956–1961.
    • 187
  • Chief of Ordnance, U.S. Army, 1958–1962.
    • 188
  • Commanding General, XVIII Airborne Corps, 1957–1960.
  • Commander in Chief, Caribbean Command, 1960–1961.
    • 189
  • Surgeon General, U.S. Army, 1959–1969.
    • 190
  • Deputy Chief of Staff for Military Operations, U.S. Army, 1959–1961.
  • Commanding General, VII Corps, 1961–1962.
  • Commanding General, Seventh Army, 1962–1963.

    • Timeline

    An officer held the active-duty grade of lieutenant general in the U.S. Army until his death; retirement; resignation; reversion to lower permanent grade upon vacating a position carrying the ex officio rank; promotion to a higher grade such as general or general of the Army ; or transfer to the U.S. Air Force. A brevet lieutenant general remained in the grade of major general. Grades in the Continental Army did not continue with the U.S. Army.

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    Define $righttime = 670
    Define $toptime = 110
    Define $toptimetick = 115
    Define $toptimetext = 120
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    Define $bottomtimetick = 45
    Define $bottomtimetext = 31
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    Define $time1780 = 128
    Define $tick1780 = 140
    Define $time1790 = 208
    Define $tick1790 = 220
    Define $time1800 = 288
    Define $tick1800 = 300
    Define $time1810 = 369
    Define $tick1810 = 381
    Define $time1820 = 449
    Define $tick1820 = 461
    Define $time1830 = 529
    Define $tick1830 = 541
    Define $time1840 = 609
    Define $tick1840 = 621
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    pos: text:^Quasi-War
    pos: text:^War of 1812
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    pos: text:1780
    pos: text:1790
    pos: text:1800
    pos: text:1810
    pos: text:1820
    pos: text:1830
    pos: text:1840
    1. Manually place bottom timescale year labels.
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    Define $toptimetick = 245
    Define $toptimetext = 250
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    Define $tick1860 = 140
    Define $time1870 = 208
    Define $tick1870 = 220
    Define $time1880 = 288
    Define $tick1880 = 300
    Define $time1890 = 369
    Define $tick1890 = 381
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    Define $time1910 = 529
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    Define $time1920 = 609
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    1. Uncomment these lines to check alignment of top timescale tick lines with bottom timescale tick lines.
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    pos: text:1900
    pos: text:1910
    pos: text:1920
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    3. pos: text:1860
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    Define $toptimetick = 1875
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    Define $bottomtimetick = 45
    Define $bottomtimetext = 31
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    Define $tick1940 = 140
    Define $time1950 = 208
    Define $tick1950 = 220
    Define $time1960 = 288
    Define $tick1960 = 300
    Define $time1970 = 369
    Define $tick1970 = 381
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    bar:canine
    bar:dahlquist
    bar:arnoldwilliam
    bar:clarke
    bar:schuyler
    bar:parks
    bar:weible
    bar:hickeythomas
    bar:bryan
    bar:magruder
    bar:mathewson
    bar:hodes
    bar:collier
    bar:hart
    bar:gay
    bar:mickelsen
    bar:herren
    bar:ferenbaugh
    bar:williamslaurin
    bar:gavin
    bar:youngrobert
    bar:montague
    bar:read
    bar:sturgis
    bar:byers
    bar:palmercharles
    bar:williamssamuel
    bar:eddleman
    bar:fox
    bar:moore
    bar:williamsedward
    bar:hershey
    bar:cummings
    bar:farrell
    bar:uncles
    bar:gaither
    bar:trudeau
    bar:ogden
    bar:booth
    bar:davidson
    bar:lawton
    bar:cannonrobert
    bar:harkins
    bar:trapnell
    bar:collinsjames
    bar:powell
    bar:ruffner
    bar:oconnell
    bar:harrold
    bar:rogers
    bar:meloy
    bar:adams
    bar:colglazier
    bar:itschner
    bar:hinrichs
    bar:sink
    bar:heaton
    bar:oakes
    bar:spacer2
    bar:era2
    PlotData=
    width:6 align:left fontsize:9 shift: anchor:till
    barset:PM
    color:erabar
    bar:era1 from: 07/12/1941 till: 02/09/1945
    bar:era1 from: 25/06/1950 till: 27/07/1953
    bar:era1 from: 11/12/1961 till: 27/01/1973
    bar:era2 from: 07/12/1941 till: 02/09/1945
    bar:era2 from: 25/06/1950 till: 27/07/1953
    bar:era2 from: 11/12/1961 till: 27/01/1973
    bar:drum from: 05/08/1939 till: 07/10/1943 color:ltg
    bar:drum from: 07/10/1943 till: 15/10/1943 color:ltgb text:"Hugh A. Drum"
    bar:ford from: 05/08/1939 till: 30/09/1940 color:ltg text:"Stanley H. Ford"
    bar:embick from: 05/08/1939 till: 30/09/1940 color:ltg
    bar:embick from: 07/01/1942 till: 14/02/1946 color:ltgb
    bar:embick from: 15/02/1946 till: 27/06/1946 color:ltg text:"Stanley D. Embick"
    bar:bowley from: 05/08/1939 till: 30/11/1939 color:ltg text:"Albert J. Bowley"
    bar:dewitt from: 05/12/1939 till: 15/09/1943 color:ltg
    bar:dewitt from: 16/09/1943 till: 10/06/1947 color:ltgb text:"John L. DeWitt"
    bar:herron from: 31/07/1940 till: 07/02/1941 color:ltg text:"Charles D. Herron"
    bar:vanvoorhis from: 31/07/1940 till: 18/09/1941 color:ltg text:"Daniel Van Voorhis"
    bar:brees from: 01/10/1940 till: 15/05/1941 color:ltg text:"Herbert J. Brees"
    bar:lear from: 02/10/1940 till: 30/05/1943 color:ltg
    bar:lear from: 30/05/1943 till: 28/06/1943 color:ltgb
    bar:lear from: 29/06/1943 till: 31/12/1945 color:ltg text:"Ben Lear"
    bar:emmons from: 25/10/1940 till: 17/12/1941 color:ltgb
    bar:emmons from: 17/12/1941 till: 01/06/1943 color:ltg
    bar:emmons from: 01/06/1943 till: 26/09/1947 color:ltgb
    bar:emmons from: 26/09/1947 till: 30/06/1948 color:ltgusaf text:"Delos C. Emmons"
    bar:short from: 08/02/1941 till: 16/12/1941 color:ltg text:"Walter C. Short"
    bar:krueger from: 16/05/1941 till: 15/02/1945 color:ltg
    bar:krueger from: 15/02/1945 till: 05/03/1945 color:ltgb
    bar:krueger from: 05/03/1945 till: 20/07/1946 color:gen text:"Walter Krueger"
    bar:mcnair from: 09/06/1941 till: 25/07/1944 color:ltgb text:"Lesley J. McNair"
    bar:macarthur from: 21/11/1930 till: 01/10/1935 color:gen
    bar:macarthur from: 27/07/1941 till: 17/12/1941 color:ltgb
    bar:macarthur from: 18/12/1941 till: 17/12/1944 color:gen
    bar:macarthur from: 18/12/1944 till: 11/04/1951 color:ga text:"Douglas MacArthur"
    bar:andrews from: 19/09/1941 till: 03/05/1943 color:ltgb text:"Frank M. Andrews"
    bar:arnold from: 15/12/1941 till: 18/03/1943 color:ltgb
    bar:arnold from: 19/03/1943 till: 20/12/1944 color:gen
    bar:arnold from: 21/12/1944 till: 30/06/1946 color:ga text:"Henry H. Arnold"
    bar:brett from: 07/01/1942 till: 10/05/1946 color:ltgb text:"George H. Brett"
    bar:knudsen from: 28/01/1942 till: 01/06/1945 color:ltgb text:"William S. Knudsen"
    bar:stilwell from: 25/02/1942 till: 31/07/1944 color:ltgb
    bar:stilwell from: 01/08/1944 till: 12/10/1946 color:gen text:"Joseph W. Stilwell"
    bar:somervell from: 09/03/1942 till: 06/03/1945 color:ltgb
    bar:somervell from: 06/03/1945 till: 29/04/1946 color:gen text:"Brehon B. Somervell"
    bar:wainwright from: 19/03/1942 till: 06/09/1945 color:ltgb
    bar:wainwright from: 06/09/1945 till: 31/08/1947 color:gen text:"Jonathan M. Wainwright IV"
    bar:mcnarney from: 15/06/1942 till: 06/03/1945 color:ltgb
    bar:mcnarney from: 07/03/1945 till: 26/09/1947 color:gen
    bar:mcnarney from: 26/09/1947 till: 31/01/1952 color:genusaf text:"Joseph T. McNarney"
    bar:eisenhower from: 07/07/1942 till: 10/02/1943 color:ltgb
    bar:eisenhower from: 11/02/1943 till: 19/12/1944 color:gen
    bar:eisenhower from: 20/12/1944 till: 01/05/1948 color:ga
    bar:eisenhower from: 20/12/1950 till: 18/07/1952 color:ga text:"Dwight D. Eisenhower"
    bar:devers from: 06/09/1942 till: 07/03/1945 color:ltgb
    bar:devers from: 08/03/1945 till: 30/09/1949 color:gen text:"Jacob L. Devers"
    bar:eichelberger from: 15/10/1942 till: 31/12/1948 color:ltgb text:"Robert L. Eichelberger"
    bar:kenney from: 15/10/1942 till: 08/03/1945 color:ltgb
    bar:kenney from: 09/03/1945 till: 26/09/1947 color:gen
    bar:kenney from: 26/09/1947 till: 01/09/1951 color:genusaf text:"George C. Kenney"
    bar:clark from: 11/11/1942 till: 09/03/1945 color:ltgb
    bar:clark from: 10/03/1945 till: 31/10/1953 color:gen text:"Mark W. Clark"
    bar:harmon from: 02/02/1943 till: 27/02/1946 color:ltgb text:"Millard F. Harmon"
    bar:hodges from: 16/02/1943 till: 14/04/1945 color:ltgb
    bar:hodges from: 15/04/1945 till: 31/01/1949 color:gen text:"Courtney H. Hodges"
    bar:patton from: 12/03/1943 till: 13/04/1945 color:ltgb
    bar:patton from: 14/04/1945 till: 21/12/1945 color:gen text:"George S. Patton Jr."
    bar:spaatz from: 12/03/1943 till: 10/03/1945 color:ltgb
    bar:spaatz from: 11/03/1945 till: 26/09/1947 color:gen
    bar:spaatz from: 26/09/1947 till: 30/06/1948 color:genusaf text:"Carl Spaatz"
    bar:buckner from: 04/05/1943 till: 13/04/1945 color:ltgb text:"Simon B. Buckner Jr."
    bar:richardson from: 01/06/1943 till: 27/10/1946 color:ltg text:"Robert C. Richardson Jr."
    bar:fredendall from: 01/06/1943 till: 10/03/1945 color:ltg text:"Lloyd R. Fredendall"
    bar:bradley from: 02/06/1943 till: 11/03/1945 color:ltgb
    bar:bradley from: 12/03/1945 till: 19/09/1950 color:gen
    bar:bradley from: 20/09/1950 till: 05/08/1953 color:ga text:"Omar N. Bradley"
    bar:yount from: 13/09/1943 till: 30/06/1946 color:ltgb text:"Barton K. Yount"
    bar:eaker from: 13/09/1943 till: 30/08/1947 color:ltgb text:"Ira C. Eaker"
    bar:grunert from: 08/10/1943 till: 31/07/1945 color:ltg text:"George Grunert"
    bar:simpson from: 13/10/1943 till: 30/11/1946 color:ltg text:"William H. Simpson"
    bar:smith from: 13/01/1944 till: 30/06/1951 color:ltgb
    bar:smith from: 01/07/1951 till: 31/01/1953 color:gen text:"Walter Bedell Smith"
    bar:sutherland from: 20/02/1944 till: 30/11/1946 color:ltgb text:"Richard K. Sutherland"
    bar:lee from: 21/02/1944 till: 31/12/1947 color:ltgb text:"John C. H. Lee"
    bar:wheeler from: 21/02/1944 till: 28/02/1949 color:ltg text:"Raymond A. Wheeler"
    bar:doolittle from: 13/03/1944 till: 22/05/1946 color:ltgb text:"James H. Doolittle"
    bar:brereton from: 28/04/1944 till: 26/09/1947 color:ltgb
    bar:brereton from: 26/09/1947 till: 31/08/1948 color:ltgusaf text:"Lewis H. Brereton"
    bar:giles from: 28/04/1944 till: 30/06/1946 color:ltgb text:"Barney M. Giles"
    bar:patch from: 07/08/1944 till: 21/11/1945 color:ltg text:"Alexander M. Patch"
    bar:sultan from: 02/09/1944 till: 14/01/1947 color:ltgb text:"Daniel I. Sultan"
    bar:handy from: 02/09/1944 till: 12/03/1945 color:ltg
    bar:handy from: 13/03/1945 till: 31/03/1954 color:gen text:"Thomas T. Handy"
    bar:truscott from: 02/09/1944 till: 30/09/1947 color:ltg text:"Lucian K. Truscott Jr.
    bar:styer from: 07/11/1944 till: 29/04/1947 color:ltgb text:"Wilhelm D. Styer"
    bar:gerow from: 01/01/1945 till: 31/07/1950 color:ltgb text:"Leonard T. Gerow"
    bar:wedemeyer from: 01/01/1945 till: 31/07/1951 color:ltgb text:"Albert C. Wedemeyer"
    bar:george from: 16/03/1945 till: 31/12/1946 color:ltgb text:"Harold L. George"
    bar:cannon from: 17/03/1945 till: 26/09/1947 color:ltgb
    bar:cannon from: 26/09/1947 till: 28/10/1951 color:ltgusaf
    bar:cannon from: 29/10/1951 till: 31/03/1954 color:genusaf text:"John K. Cannon"
    bar:vandenberg from: 17/03/1945 till: 26/09/1947 color:ltgb
    bar:vandenberg from: 26/09/1947 till: 30/06/1953 color:genusaf text:"Hoyt S. Vandenberg"
    bar:gregory from: 14/04/1945 till: 30/06/1946 color:ltg text:"Edmund B. Gregory"
    bar:griswold from: 14/04/1945 till: 31/10/1947 color:ltg text:"Oscar W. Griswold"
    bar:reybold from: 15/04/1945 till: 31/01/1946 color:ltg text:"Eugene Reybold"
    bar:walker from: 15/04/1945 till: 23/12/1950 color:ltg text:"Walton H. Walker"
    bar:haislip from: 15/04/1945 till: 30/09/1949 color:ltg
    bar:haislip from: 01/10/1949 till: 31/07/1951 color:gen text:"Wade H. Haislip"
    bar:campbell from: 16/04/1945 till: 30/05/1946 color:ltg text:"Levin H. Campbell Jr."
    bar:collins from: 16/04/1945 till: 23/01/1948 color:ltg
    bar:collins from: 24/01/1948 till: 31/03/1956 color:gen text:"J. Lawton Collins"
    bar:keyes from: 17/04/1945 till: 31/10/1950 color:ltg
    bar:keyes from: 26/01/1951 till: 01/08/1954 color:ltg text:"Geoffrey Keyes"
    bar:clay from: 17/04/1945 till: 27/03/1947 color:ltg
    bar:clay from: 28/03/1947 till: 31/05/1949 color:gen text:"Lucius D. Clay"
    bar:stratemeyer from: 28/05/1945 till: 26/09/1947 color:ltg
    bar:stratemeyer from: 26/09/1947 till: 31/01/1952 color:ltgusaf text:"George E. Stratemeyer"
    bar:gillem from: 03/06/1945 till: 31/08/1950 color:ltg text:"Alvan C. Gillem Jr."
    bar:crittenberger from: 03/06/1945 till: 31/12/1952 color:ltg text:"Willis D. Crittenberger"
    bar:hall from: 04/06/1945 till: 31/12/1948 color:ltgb text:"Charles P. Hall"
    bar:ridgway from: 04/06/1945 till: 10/05/1951 color:ltg
    bar:ridgway from: 11/05/1951 till: 30/06/1955 color:gen text:"Matthew B. Ridgway"
    bar:lutes from: 05/06/1945 till: 31/01/1952 color:ltg text:"Leroy Lutes"
    bar:middleton from: 05/06/1945 till: 10/08/1945 color:ltg text:"Troy H. Middleton"
    bar:twining from: 05/06/1945 till: 26/09/1947 color:ltgb
    bar:twining from: 26/09/1947 till: 09/10/1950 color:ltgusaf
    bar:twining from: 10/10/1950 till: 30/09/1960 color:genusaf text:"Nathan F. Twining"
    bar:whitehead from: 05/06/1945 till: 26/09/1947 color:ltgb
    bar:whitehead from: 26/09/1947 till: 31/07/1951 color:ltgusaf text:"Ennis C. Whitehead"
    bar:hodge from: 06/06/1945 till: 01/07/1952 color:ltg
    bar:hodge from: 02/07/1952 till: 30/06/1953 color:gen text:"John R. Hodge"
    bar:hull from: 06/06/1945 till: 29/07/1951 color:ltg
    bar:hull from: 30/07/1951 till: 30/04/1955 color:gen text:"John E. Hull"
    bar:mclain from: 06/06/1945 till: 30/04/1952 color:ltg text:"Raymond S. McLain"
    bar:huebner from: 17/03/1947 till: 30/11/1950 color:ltg text:"Clarence R. Huebner"
    bar:eddy from: 24/01/1948 till: 31/03/1953 color:ltg text:"Manton S. Eddy"
    bar:chamberlin from: 24/01/1948 till: 31/12/1951 color:ltg text:"Stephen J. Chamberlin"
    bar:aurand from: 24/01/1948 till: 31/08/1952 color:ltg text:"Henry S. Aurand"
    bar:paul from: 24/01/1948 till: 31/12/1948 color:ltg text:"Willard S. Paul"
    bar:groves from: 24/01/1948 till: 28/02/1948 color:ltg text:"Leslie R. Groves"
    bar:vanfleet from: 19/02/1948 till: 31/07/1951 color:ltg
    bar:vanfleet from: 31/07/1951 till: 31/03/1953 color:gen text:"James A. Van Fleet"
    bar:brooks from: 18/03/1949 till: 30/04/1953 color:ltg text:"Edward H. Brooks"
    bar:larkin from: 21/03/1949 till: 31/12/1952 color:ltg text:"Thomas B. Larkin"
    bar:bull from: 25/07/1949 till: 31/07/1952 color:ltg text:"Harold R. Bull"
    bar:gruenther from: 30/09/1949 till: 01/08/1951 color:ltg
    bar:gruenther from: 01/08/1951 till: 31/12/1956 color:gen text:"Alfred M. Gruenther"
    bar:morris from: 01/10/1949 till: 31/03/1952 color:ltg text:"William H. H. Morris Jr.
    bar:irwin from: 15/10/1950 till: 31/05/1952 color:ltg text:"Stafford L. Irwin"
    bar:milburn from: 08/02/1951 till: 30/04/1952 color:ltg text:"Frank W. Milburn"
    bar:swing from: 09/02/1951 till: 28/02/1954 color:ltg text:"Joseph M. Swing"
    bar:leonard from: 10/02/1951 till: 31/01/1952 color:ltg text:"John W. Leonard"
    bar:coulter from: 11/02/1951 till: 31/01/1952 color:ltg text:"John B. Coulter"
    bar:almond from: 12/02/1951 till: 31/01/1953 color:ltg text:"Edward M. Almond"
    bar:bolte from: 13/02/1951 till: 30/07/1953 color:ltg
    bar:bolte from: 30/07/1953 till: 30/04/1955 color:gen text:"Charles L. Bolte"
    bar:hoge from: 31/05/1951 till: 23/10/1953 color:ltg
    bar:hoge from: 23/10/1953 till: 31/01/1955 color:gen text:"William M. Hoge"
    bar:hickeydoyle from: 01/06/1951 till: 31/07/1953 color:ltg text:"Doyle O. Hickey"
    bar:taylor from: 29/07/1951 till: 23/06/1953 color:ltg
    bar:taylor from: 23/06/1953 till: 01/07/1959 color:gen
    bar:taylor from: 01/07/1961 till: 01/07/1964 color:gen text:"Maxwell D. Taylor"
    bar:bruce from: 30/07/1951 till: 31/08/1954 color:ltg text:"Andrew D. Bruce"
    bar:pick from: 31/07/1951 till: 30/11/1952 color:ltg text:"Lewis A. Pick"
    bar:mcauliffe from: 01/08/1951 till: 01/03/1955 color:ltg
    bar:mcauliffe from: 01/03/1955 till: 31/05/1956 color:gen text:"Anthony C. McAuliffe"
    bar:odaniel from: 20/12/1951 till: 12/04/1954 color:ltg
    bar:odaniel from: 30/08/1954 till: 29/02/1956 color:ltg text:"John W. O'Daniel"
    bar:mcbride from: 29/04/1952 till: 30/06/1954 color:ltg text:"Horace L. McBride"
    bar:wyman from: 08/06/1952 till: 01/03/1956 color:ltg
    bar:wyman from: 01/03/1956 till: 01/08/1958 color:gen text:"Willard G. Wyman"
    bar:palmer from: 09/06/1952 till: 01/05/1955 color:ltg
    bar:palmer from: 01/05/1955 till: 01/12/1959 color:gen text:"Williston B. Palmer"
    bar:decker from: 10/06/1952 till: 31/05/1956 color:ltg
    bar:decker from: 31/05/1956 till: 30/09/1962 color:gen text:"George H. Decker"
    bar:lewis from: 04/07/1952 till: 30/09/1954 color:ltg text:"John T. Lewis"
    bar:hays from: 05/07/1952 till: 30/04/1953 color:ltg text:"George P. Hays"
    bar:noce from: 29/07/1952 till: 31/10/1954 color:ltg text:"Daniel Noce"
    bar:bolling from: 30/07/1952 till: 31/07/1955 color:ltg text:"Alexander R. Bolling"
    bar:kean from: 31/07/1952 till: 30/09/1954 color:ltg text:"William B. Kean"
    bar:lemnitzer from: 01/08/1952 till: 25/03/1955 color:ltg
    bar:lemnitzer from: 25/03/1955 till: 01/07/1969 color:gen text:"Lyman L. Lemnitzer"
    bar:harrison from: 05/09/1952 till: 28/02/1957 color:ltg text:"William K. Harrison Jr."
    bar:kendall from: 16/09/1952 till: 31/08/1955 color:ltg text:"Paul W. Kendall"
    bar:jenkins from: 06/11/1952 till: 28/02/1954 color:ltg text:"Reuben E. Jenkins"
    bar:white from: 07/11/1952 till: 22/06/1955 color:ltg
    bar:white from: 22/06/1955 till: 01/04/1961 color:gen text:"Isaac D. White"
    bar:burress from: 01/01/1953 till: 30/11/1954 color:ltg text:"Withers A. Burress"
    bar:canine from: 16/03/1953 till: 30/04/1957 color:ltg text:"Ralph J. Canine"
    bar:dahlquist from: 01/05/1953 till: 18/08/1954 color:ltg
    bar:dahlquist from: 18/08/1954 till: 29/02/1956 color:gen text:"John E. Dahlquist"
    bar:arnoldwilliam from: 22/06/1953 till: 31/01/1961 color:ltg text:"William H. Arnold"
    bar:clarke from: 23/06/1953 till: 01/08/1958 color:ltg
    bar:clarke from: 01/08/1958 till: 30/04/1962 color:gen text:"Bruce C. Clarke"
    bar:schuyler from: 03/07/1953 till: 18/05/1956 color:ltg
    bar:schuyler from: 18/05/1956 till: 01/11/1959 color:gen text:"Cortlandt V. R. Schuyler"
    bar:parks from: 13/10/1953 till: 29/02/1956 color:ltg text:"Floyd L. Parks"
    bar:weible from: 23/10/1953 till: 31/01/1957 color:ltg text:"Walter L. Weible"
    bar:hickeythomas from: 23/01/1954 till: 30/04/1958 color:ltg text:"Thomas F. Hickey"
    bar:bryan from: 26/01/1954 till: 01/03/1960 color:ltg text:"Blackshear M. Bryan"
    bar:magruder from: 06/04/1954 till: 01/07/1959 color:ltg
    bar:magruder from: 01/07/1959 till: 30/06/1961 color:gen text:"Carter B. Magruder"
    bar:mathewson from: 07/04/1954 till: 30/04/1958 color:ltg
    bar:mathewson from: 15/09/1959 till: 01/07/1961 color:ltg text:"Lemuel Mathewson"
    bar:hodes from: 16/08/1954 till: 01/06/1956 color:ltg
    bar:hodes from: 01/06/1956 till: 01/04/1959 color:gen text:"Henry I. Hodes"
    bar:collier from: 17/08/1954 till: 01/10/1958 color:ltg text:"John H. Collier"
    bar:hart from: 18/08/1954 till: 01/08/1960 color:ltg text:"Charles E. Hart"
    bar:gay from: 30/09/1954 till: 31/08/1955 color:ltg text:"Hobart R. Gay"
    bar:mickelsen from: 01/10/1954 till: 31/10/1957 color:ltg text:"Stanley R. Mickelsen"
    bar:herren from: 09/12/1954 till: 31/07/1957 color:ltg text:"Thomas W. Herren"
    bar:ferenbaugh from: 10/12/1954 till: 30/09/1955 color:ltg text:"Claude B. Ferenbaugh"
    bar:williamslaurin from: 01/03/1955 till: 30/06/1957 color:ltg text:"Laurin L. Williams"
    bar:gavin from: 25/03/1955 till: 31/03/1958 color:ltg text:"James M. Gavin"
    bar:youngrobert from: 29/06/1955 till: 30/09/1957 color:ltg text:"Robert N. Young"
    bar:montague from: 13/07/1955 till: 20/02/1958 color:ltg text:"Robert M. Montague"
    bar:read from: 14/07/1955 till: 01/08/1960 color:ltg text:"George W. Read Jr."
    bar:sturgis from: 23/07/1955 till: 30/09/1956 color:ltg text:"Samuel D. Sturgis Jr."
    bar:byers from: 08/08/1955 till: 01/06/1959 color:ltg text:"Clovis E. Byers"
    bar:palmercharles from: 19/08/1955 till: 01/10/1959 color:ltg
    bar:palmercharles from: 01/10/1959 till: 28/02/1962 color:gen text:"Charles D. Palmer"
    bar:williamssamuel from: 15/09/1955 till: 01/09/1960 color:ltg text:"Samuel T. Williams"
    bar:eddleman from: 10/10/1955 till: 01/04/1959 color:ltg
    bar:eddleman from: 01/04/1959 till: 31/03/1962 color:gen text:"Clyde D. Eddleman"
    bar:fox from: 12/11/1955 till: 31/05/1959 color:ltg text:"Alonzo P. Fox"
    bar:moore from: 17/02/1956 till: 21/04/1960 color:ltg
    bar:moore from: 21/04/1960 till: 30/06/1963 color:gen text:"James E. Moore"
    bar:williamsedward from: 01/03/1956 till: 28/02/1961 color:ltg text:"Edward T. Williams"
    bar:hershey from: 23/06/1956 till: 23/12/1969 color:ltg
    bar:hershey from: 23/12/1969 till: 10/04/1973 color:gen text:"Lewis B. Hershey"
    bar:cummings from: 18/07/1956 till: 31/03/1962 color:ltg text:"Emerson R. Cummings"
    bar:farrell from: 19/07/1956 till: 01/07/1960 color:ltg text:"Francis W. Farrell"
    bar:uncles from: 20/07/1956 till: 01/09/1958 color:ltg text:"John F. Uncles"
    bar:gaither from: 27/07/1956 till: 30/04/1962 color:ltg text:"Ridgely Gaither"
    bar:trudeau from: 18/10/1956 till: 30/06/1962 color:ltg text:"Arthur G. Trudeau"
    bar:ogden from: 31/10/1956 till: 31/10/1957 color:ltg text:"David A. D. Ogden"
    bar:booth from: 21/02/1957 till: 28/02/1962 color:ltg text:"Donald P. Booth"
    bar:davidson from: 25/03/1957 till: 30/04/1964 color:ltg text:"Garrison H. Davidson"
    bar:lawton from: 01/07/1957 till: 01/06/1960 color:ltg text:"William S. Lawton"
    bar:cannonrobert from: 30/06/1957 till: 31/08/1961 color:ltg text:"Robert M. Cannon"
    bar:harkins from: 01/07/1957 till: 02/01/1961 color:ltg
    bar:harkins from: 02/01/1961 till: 31/07/1964 color:gen text:"Paul D. Harkins"
    bar:trapnell from: 04/02/1958 till: 31/07/1962 color:ltg text:"Thomas J. H. Trapnell"
    bar:collinsjames from: 15/03/1958 till: 01/04/1961 color:ltg
    bar:collinsjames from: 01/04/1961 till: 29/02/1964 color:gen text:"James F. Collins"
    bar:powell from: 08/04/1958 till: 01/10/1960 color:ltg
    bar:powell from: 01/10/1960 till: 31/01/1963 color:gen text:"Herbert B. Powell"
    bar:ruffner from: 01/05/1958 till: 01/03/1960 color:ltg
    bar:ruffner from: 01/03/1960 till: 31/10/1962 color:gen text:"Clark L. Ruffner"
    bar:oconnell from: 11/07/1958 till: 01/05/1959 color:ltg text:"James D. O'Connell"
    bar:harrold from: 01/08/1958 till: 30/06/1961 color:ltg text:"Thomas L. Harrold"
    bar:rogers from: 01/09/1958 till: 31/08/1961 color:ltg text:"Gordon B. Rogers"
    bar:meloy from: 01/10/1958 till: 01/07/1961 color:ltg
    bar:meloy from: 01/07/1961 till: 31/07/1963 color:gen text:"Guy S. Meloy Jr."
    bar:adams from: 01/04/1959 till: 03/10/1961 color:ltg
    bar:adams from: 03/10/1961 till: 31/10/1966 color:gen text:"Paul D. Adams"
    bar:colglazier from: 17/07/1959 till: 01/02/1966 color:ltg text:"Robert W. Colglazier Jr."
    bar:itschner from: 06/09/1959 till: 31/08/1961 color:ltg text:"Emerson C. Itschner"
    bar:hinrichs from: 07/09/1959 till: 31/05/1962 color:ltg text:"John H. Hinrichs"
    bar:sink from: 08/09/1959 till: 01/02/1961 color:ltg text:"Robert F. Sink"
    bar:heaton from: 09/09/1959 till: 01/09/1969 color:ltg text:"Leonard D. Heaton"
    bar:oakes from: 01/11/1959 till: 31/12/1962 color:ltg text:"John C. Oakes"

    History

    Quasi-War

    The rank of lieutenant general in the United States Army was established in 1798 when President John Adams commissioned George Washington in that grade to command the armies of the United States during the Quasi-War with France. The next year, Congress replaced the office of lieutenant general with that of General of the Armies of the United States but Washington died before accepting the new commission, remaining a lieutenant general until posthumously promoted to General of the Armies in 1976.

    Mexican War

    In 1855 Congress rewarded the Mexican War service of Major General Winfield Scott by authorizing his promotion to brevet lieutenant general, to rank from March 29, 1847, the date of the Mexican surrender at the Siege of Veracruz. As a lieutenant general only by brevet, Scott remained in the permanent grade of major general but was entitled to be paid as a lieutenant general from the date of his brevet commission, resulting in a public tussle with Secretary of War Jefferson Davis over the amount of backpay Scott was owed. Congress resolved all issues in Scott's favor once Davis left office in 1857, and allowed Scott to retire at full pay in 1861.

    Civil War

    The grade of lieutenant general was revived in February 1864 to allow President Abraham Lincoln to promote Major General Ulysses S. Grant to command the armies of the United States during the American Civil War. After the war, Grant was promoted to general and his vacant lieutenant general grade was filled by Major General William T. Sherman. When Grant became President in 1869, Sherman succeeded him as general and Major General Philip H. Sheridan succeeded Sherman as lieutenant general. Congress suspended further promotions to general and lieutenant general in 1870, but made an exception in 1888 to promote Sheridan on his deathbed by discontinuing the grade of lieutenant general and merging it with the grade of general.
    In 1895 Congress briefly revived the grade of lieutenant general to promote Sheridan's successor as commanding general of the Army, Major General John M. Schofield. Schofield had lobbied for the grade to be permanently reestablished in order to cement the primacy of all future commanding generals over the Army's other major generals. However, Congress regarded the lieutenant generalcy as the penultimate military accolade, second only to promotion to full general, and refused to devalue the title's significance by conferring it on any future commanding general less eminent than previous recipients. Instead, Schofield himself was promoted to lieutenant general as a one-time personal honor eight months before he retired. In retirement Schofield argued that the rank of lieutenant general ought to be permanently associated with the office of commanding general, not the individual officers occupying it, and that an officer serving as commanding general should hold the ex officio rank of lieutenant general while so detailed but revert to his permanent grade of major general upon leaving office. Over the next five decades, Schofield's concept of lieutenant general as temporary ex officio rank would slowly prevail over the concept of lieutenant general as permanent personal grade.

    Spanish–American War

    The question of whether the lieutenant generalcy should be a permanent personal grade or a temporary ex officio rank was phrased in terms of the line of the Army, whose officers commanded combat formations, and its staff, whose officers performed specialized support functions. Permanent personal promotions to general officer grades were only available in the line, but staff officers could temporarily acquire general officer rank while detailed to an office bearing that statutory rank, so officers holding the permanent grade of general officer were called general officers of the line and ex officio general officers were called general officers of the staff.
    In June 1900 Schofield's successor as commanding general, Major General Nelson A. Miles, was made a lieutenant general of the staff by an amendment to the United States Military Academy appropriations bill that granted the rank of lieutenant general to the senior major general of the line commanding the Army. Eight months later, the 1901 Army reorganization bill replaced this ex officio rank with the permanent grade of lieutenant general of the line. When Miles retired in 1903, the senior major general was Adjutant General Henry C. Corbin, but as a staff corps officer Corbin was ineligible to command the Army, so the lieutenant generalcy went instead to the senior major general of the line, Samuel B. M. Young. Young reached the statutory retirement age five months later and was succeeded by Adna R. Chaffee. Seniority and scheduled retirements suggested that Chaffee would be succeeded in 1906 by Arthur MacArthur Jr., but both Corbin and Major General John C. Bates were scheduled to retire for age that year and it was decided that MacArthur's ascension would not be materially delayed by first promoting Bates and Corbin to lieutenant general for the few months of active duty remaining to them.
    Corbin's promotion became controversial when he declined to be detailed as chief of staff of the Army. Corbin felt the chief of staff should be a younger officer with the time and energy to enact a long-range program, not a superannuated placeholder on the cusp of retirement, so when Bates retired Corbin became lieutenant general but Brigadier General J. Franklin Bell became chief of staff. However, by divorcing the Army's highest grade from its highest office, Corbin had again reduced the lieutenant generalcy to a personal honor. Many in Congress believed Corbin was not in the same class as Grant, Sherman, Sheridan, and Schofield, and pressed to abolish the lieutenant generalcy immediately, but after a heated debate MacArthur's supporters managed to preserve the grade until after MacArthur's promotion.
    MacArthur was promoted to lieutenant general in August 1906. Since he was the last Civil War officer expected to succeed to the grade, Congress stopped further promotions to lieutenant general in March 1907 and stated that the active-duty grade would be abolished when MacArthur retired. Later that month, MacArthur asked to be relieved of his duties, disgruntled at his anomalous position of being the ranking officer of the Army yet consigned to the command of a mere division and subject to orders from an officer he outranked, Chief of Staff Bell, whose four-year term extended beyond MacArthur's statutory retirement date. MacArthur returned home to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he marked time writing up travel reports until he retired in 1909.

    World War I

    In October 1917, Congress authorized the President to appoint as generals the chief of staff of the Army and the commander of the United States forces in France, and as lieutenant generals the commanders of the field armies and army corps, so that they would not be outranked by their counterparts in allied European armies. Unlike previous incarnations, these new grades were time-limited, authorized only for the duration of the World War I emergency, after which their bearers would revert to their lower permanent grades. The commander of the American Expeditionary Force, Major General John J. Pershing, was immediately appointed emergency general, as were two successive Army chiefs of staff, but no emergency lieutenant generals were named for over a year because the armies they would command had not yet been organized.
    On October 21, 1918, Major Generals Hunter Liggett, commander of the First Army, and Robert L. Bullard, commander of the Second Army, were nominated to be emergency lieutenant generals, less than three weeks before the Armistice. With victory imminent, Secretary of War Newton D. Baker sought legislation to reward the Army's high commanders by making their emergency grades permanent. However, Army Chief of Staff Peyton C. March had alienated many members of Congress by unilaterally reorganizing the Army without their input and his enemies blocked every effort to honor any officer but Pershing with higher rank. In the end, Pershing was promoted to permanent General of the Armies, but March, Liggett, and Bullard reverted to their permanent grades of major general when their emergency grades expired on July 1, 1920.
    After the war, there were a number of unsuccessful attempts to retire as lieutenant generals a list of officers that variously included Major Generals March, Liggett, Bullard, Enoch H. Crowder, Joseph T. Dickman, Leonard Wood, John F. Morrison, James G. Harbord, James W. McAndrew, Henry P. McCain, Charles P. Summerall, Ernest Hinds, Harry F. Hodges, William Campbell Langfitt, and George W. Goethals; Surgeon General Merritte W. Ireland; and Colonel William L. Kenly. Finally, on August 7, 1929, the Army chief of engineers, Major General Edgar Jadwin, was retired as a lieutenant general by a 1915 law that automatically promoted officers one grade upon retirement if they had helped build the Panama Canal. There was some consternation that a peacetime staff corps officer had secured more or less by chance a promotion deliberately withheld from the victorious field commanders of World War I, so the year after Jadwin's promotion all World War I officers were advanced to their highest wartime ranks on the retired list, including Liggett and Bullard.
    In 1942, Congress allowed retired Army generals to be advanced one grade on the retired list or posthumously if they had been recommended in writing during World War I for promotion to a higher rank which they had not since received, provided they had also been awarded the Medal of Honor, the Distinguished Service Cross, or the Distinguished Service Medal; retired Major Generals James G. Harbord and William M. Wright were both advanced to lieutenant general under this provision.

    Interwar

    After Pershing retired in 1924, the rank of the Army chief of staff reverted to major general, the highest permanent grade in the peacetime Army. However, the Navy continued to maintain three ex officio vice admirals and four ex officio admirals, including the chief of naval operations, so in 1929 Congress raised the ex officio rank of the Army chief of staff to full general. In 1939 Congress also assigned the ex officio rank of lieutenant general to the major generals of the Regular Army specifically assigned to command each of the four field armies, allowing President Franklin D. Roosevelt to appoint the first new active-duty lieutenant generals since World War I: First Army commander Hugh A. Drum, Second Army commander Stanley H. Ford, Third Army commander Stanley D. Embick, and Fourth Army commander Albert J. Bowley. Congress extended similar rank in July 1940 to the major generals commanding the Panama Canal and Hawaiian Departments.
    As general officers of the staff, these new lieutenant generals bore three-star rank only while actually commanding a field army or department, and reverted to their permanent two-star rank upon being reassigned or retired. However, during World War II most lieutenant generals of the staff received concurrent personal appointments as temporary lieutenant generals in the Army of the United States so that they could be reassigned without loss of rank. Postwar legislation allowed officers to retire in their highest temporary grades, so most lieutenant generals of the staff eventually retired at that rank. Of the lieutenant generals of the staff who were never appointed temporary lieutenant generals, Albert J. Bowley, Stanley H. Ford, Charles D. Herron, Daniel Van Voorhis, Herbert J. Brees, and Walter C. Short retired as major generals upon reaching the statutory retirement age; and Lloyd R. Fredendall qualified to retire in grade due to physical disability incurred during his term as lieutenant general. After the war, Brees and Short both applied to be advanced to lieutenant general on the retired list under a 1948 law; Brees was promoted but the administration specifically declined to advance Short, who had been relieved of command of the Hawaiian Department a few days after the defeat at Pearl Harbor.

    World War II

    In September 1940, Congress authorized the President to appoint Regular Army officers to temporary higher grades in the Army of the United States during time of war or national emergency. The first temporary lieutenant general appointed under this authority was Major General Delos C. Emmons, Commander, General Headquarters Air Force; followed by Major General Lesley J. McNair, Chief of Staff, General Headquarters, U.S. Army. In July 1941, retired four-star general Douglas MacArthur was recalled to active duty and appointed temporary lieutenant general as Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces in the Far East.
    Dozens of officers were promoted to temporary lieutenant general during World War II. Lieutenant generals typically commanded one of the numbered field armies or air forces; served as deputy theater commanders; or headed major headquarters staffs, administrative commands, or support organizations. Officers were only allowed to retire in their temporary grades if they were retired due to disability incurred in the line of duty, but those compelled by good health to retire in a lower grade were eventually restored to their highest wartime ranks on the retired list.
    Subject to Senate approval, anyone could be appointed temporary lieutenant general, even a civilian. In January 1942, the outgoing Director General of the Office of Production Management, William S. Knudsen, was commissioned temporary lieutenant general in the Army of the United States, the only civilian ever to join the Army at such a high initial rank.

    Postwar

    The modern office of lieutenant general was established by the Officer Personnel Act of 1947, which authorized the President to designate certain positions of importance and responsibility to carry the ex officio rank of general or lieutenant general, to be filled by officers holding the permanent or temporary grade of major general or higher. Officers could retire in their highest active-duty rank, subject to Senate approval. The total number of positions allowed to carry such rank was capped at 15 percent of the total number of general officers, which worked out initially to nine generals and thirty-five lieutenant generals, of whom four generals and seventeen lieutenant generals were required to be in the Air Corps. All Air Corps personnel were transferred in grade to the United States Air Force by the National Security Act of 1947.
    Lieutenant generals typically headed divisions of the General Staff in Washington, D.C.; field armies in Europe, Japan, and the continental United States; the Army command in the Pacific; the unified command in the Caribbean; the occupation force in Austria; and senior educational institutions such as the National War College, the Army War College, and the Armed Forces Staff College. During the Korean War, the commanding general of the Eighth Army was elevated to full general, and the Eighth Army deputy commanding general and subordinate corps commanders were elevated to lieutenant general.
    By mid-1952, the number of active-duty general officers had swelled to nearly twice its World War II peak. In response, Congress enacted the Officer Grade Limitation Act of 1954, which tied the maximum number of generals to the total number of officers. However, the real limit was the so-called Stennis ceiling imposed by Mississippi Senator John C. Stennis, whose Senate Armed Services Committee refused to confirm general or flag officer nominations beyond what he considered to be a reasonable total, which typically was much lower than the statutory limit. The Stennis ceiling remained in effect from the mid-1950s until the post-Vietnam War drawdown.
    Unlike the temporary general and flag officer ranks of World War II, the 1947 ranks were attached to offices, not individuals, and were lost if an officer was reassigned to a lesser job. Army generals almost always preferred to retire rather than revert to a lower permanent grade. A rare exception was Lt. Gen. John W. O'Daniel, who temporarily relinquished his third star upon becoming chief of the Military Assistance Advisory Group in French Indochina so that he would not outrank the theater commander in chief, French lieutenant general Henri Navarre. O'Daniel got his star back five months later when France withdrew from Indochina following Navarre's defeat at Dien Bien Phu.

    Legislative history

    The following list of Congressional legislation includes all acts of Congress pertaining to appointments to the grade of lieutenant general in the United States Army before 1960.
    Each entry lists an act of Congress, its citation in the United States Statutes at Large, and a summary of the act's relevance.
    LegislationCitationSummary
    Act of May 28, 1798 Authorized one grade of lieutenant general.
    Act of March 3, 1799 Terminated grade of lieutenant general upon the appointment of a "general of the armies of the United States."
    Joint Resolution No. 9 of February 15, 1855 Authorized grade of lieutenant general to be specially conferred once by brevet to acknowledge eminent services of a major general of the Army during the Mexican War.
    Act of August 3, 1861 Authorized the brevet lieutenant general to retire for disability at full pay.
    Act of February 29, 1864 Authorized one grade of lieutenant general.
    Act of July 15, 1870 Terminated grade of lieutenant general at next vacancy.
    Act of June 1, 1888 Terminated grade of lieutenant general and merged with grade of general.
    Joint Resolution No. 9 of February 5, 1895 Authorized grade of lieutenant general to be specially conferred once to acknowledge distinguished services of a major general of the Army.
    Act of June 6, 1900 Assigned ex officio rank of lieutenant general to the senior major general of the line commanding the Army.
    Act of February 2, 1901 Authorized one grade of lieutenant general.
    Act of March 2, 1907 Terminated grade of lieutenant general at next vacancy, except on retired list.
    Authorized one-grade promotion upon retirement of any officer detailed for more than three years in Panama with the Isthmian Canal Commission, if not otherwise promoted by this Act.
    Act of October 6, 1917 Authorized emergency grade of lieutenant general for each commander of an army or army corps during the World War I emergency.
    Act of June 4, 1920 Terminated all emergency grades.
    Act of June 21, 1930 Authorized promotion on the retired list to highest grade held during World War I.
    Act of August 5, 1939 Assigned ex officio rank of lieutenant general to major generals commanding the four armies of the United States.
    Act of July 31, 1940 Assigned ex officio rank of lieutenant general to major generals commanding the Panama Canal and Hawaiian Departments.
    Act of September 22, 1941 Authorized temporary general officer grades in the Army of the United States during the World War II emergency.
    Act of July 9, 1942 Authorized one-grade promotion on the retired list or posthumously of general officers who, for services rendered during World War I, were recommended in writing for promotion to increased rank not since received, and who also received the Medal of Honor, Distinguished Service Cross, or Distinguished Service Medal.
    Act of June 29, 1943
    • Authorized officers retired for physical disability incurred while temporarily appointed to a higher grade to retire in that grade.
    • Authorized officers retired for reasons other than physical disability who subsequently incurred physical disability while temporarily appointed to a higher grade to be promoted on the retired list to that grade.
    Act of July 26, 1947
    • Established U.S. Air Force.
    • Transferred to U.S. Air Force all personnel in Army Air Forces, Air Corps, and General Headquarters Air Force.
    Act of August 7, 1947
    • Assigned ex officio rank of lieutenant general to general officers serving in positions designated by the President to carry that rank.
    • Assigned ex officio rank of lieutenant general to senior members of the Military and Naval Staff Committee of the United Nations.
    • Capped total positions with ex officio ranks above major general at 15 percent of the total number of active-duty general officers.
    • Capped total officers above grade of major general at 44, of whom not more than nine to be above grade of lieutenant general.
    • Capped total officers above grade of major general at 17 in the Air Corps and 27 not in the Air Corps.
    • Exempted from caps general officers serving as Chief of Staff to the President or specifically authorized by act of Congress to hold appointments to diplomatic or civil offices.
    • Authorized retirement in highest rank held on active duty.
    • Authorized promotion to general or lieutenant general on the retired list of Regular Army officers who served in those grades between December 7, 1941, and June 30, 1946.
    Act of June 24, 1948 Authorized promotion of Leslie R. Groves to lieutenant general on the retired list, with retired pay of a major general and honorary date of rank as lieutenant general from July 16, 1945.
    Act of June 29, 1948
    		 Authorized promotion on the retired list of Regular Army and Regular Air Force officers to the highest temporary grades in which they served satisfactorily for at least six months between September 6, 1940, and June 30, 1946.
    Act of October 12, 1949
    		 Established pay grade O-8 for general, lieutenant general, and major general.
    Joint Resolution of January 2, 1951
    		 Authorized posthumous promotion of Walton H. Walker to general.
    Act of May 5, 1954
    • Capped total number of general officers as a function of total commissioned officer strength.
    • Capped total officers above grade of brigadier general at 50 percent of all general officers.
    Act of July 19, 1954 Authorized promotion to general on the retired list or posthumously of any officer who, while a lieutenant general, was:
  • commanding general of Army Ground Forces between March 8, 1942, and August 16, 1945 ;
  • in command of a field army in the European-African-Middle Eastern Theater of Operations between December 11, 1941, and May 8, 1945 ;
  • in command of a field army in the Asiatic-Pacific Theater of Operations between December 8, 1941, and August 16, 1945 ;
  • in command of Army forces including one or more field armies and supporting units in either theater between March 8, 1942, and August 16, 1945 ;
  • commanding general of United States forces in China and chief of staff to Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek in the China Theater of Operations between March 8, 1942, and August 16, 1945 ;
  • or in command of Western Defense Command between December 5, 1939, and June 14, 1943.
    • Act of August 7, 1956 Authorized promotion of Hanford MacNider to lieutenant general on the retired list.
    Act of May 20, 1958 Established pay grade O-9 for lieutenant general.

    Biographical registers