List of important publications in philosophy

• Foundation - A publication whose ideas would go on to be the foundation of a topic or field within philosophy.
• Breakthrough - A publication that changed or added to philosophical knowledge significantly.
• Influence - A publication that has had a significant impact on the academic study of philosophy or the world.

  Historical philosophical texts

European and Islamic philosophy

Ancient philosophy

• Heraclitus, Fragments
• Parmenides, On Nature
• Plato, Apology
• Plato, Crito
• Plato, Euthyphro
• Plato, Gorgias
• Plato, Protagoras
• Plato, Cratylus
• Plato, Meno
• Plato, Phaedo
• Plato, Symposium
• Plato, Parmenides
• Plato, Theaetetus
• Plato, Phaedrus
• Plato, Laws
• Plato, Timaeus
• Plato, The Republic
• Aristotle, Organon
• Aristotle, Physics
• Aristotle, Metaphysics
• Aristotle, On the Soul
• Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics
• Aristotle, Politics
• Aristotle, Rhetoric
• Aristotle, Poetics
• Epicurus,, On Nature
• Lucretius, On the Nature of Things
• Cicero,, On the Commonwealth
• Cicero, On the Laws
• Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Letters from a Stoic
• Marcus Aurelius, Meditations
• Epictetus, Discourses
• Epictetus, Enchiridion
• Sextus Empiricus, Outlines of Pyrrhonism
• Plotinus, Enneads
• Porphyry, Isagoge
• Hermes Trismegistus, Corpus Hermeticum

  Medieval philosophy

• Augustine of Hippo, Confessions, c. AD 397
• Augustine of Hippo, The City of God, early 5th century
• Proclus, The Elements of Theology
• Damascius, Difficulties and Solutions of First Principles
• Boethius, Consolation of Philosophy, c. 500
• Eriugena, Periphyseon
• Avicenna, The Book of Healing
• Avicenna, Proof of the Truthful
• Maimonides, Guide for the Perplexed
• Maimonides, Mishneh Torah
• Yehuda Halevi, Kuzari
• Saadia Gaon, Emunoth ve-Deoth
• Al-Ghazali, The Incoherence of the Philosophers
• Averroes, The Incoherence of the Incoherence
• Anselm, Proslogion
• Thomas Aquinas, Summa contra Gentiles, c. 1260
• Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae
• Duns Scotus, Ordinatio
• William of Ockham, Summa Logicae

  Early modern philosophy

• Desiderius Erasmus, The Praise of Folly, 1509
• Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince, 1513
• Niccolò Machiavelli, Discourses on Livy, 1517
• Michel de Montaigne, Essays, 1570–1592
• Sir Francis Bacon, Novum Organum, 1620
• Hugo Grotius, De jure belli ac pacis, 1625
• René Descartes, Rules for the Direction of the Mind, 1628
• René Descartes, Discourse on the Method, 1637
• René Descartes, Meditations on First Philosophy, 1641
• René Descartes, Principles of Philosophy, 1644
• René Descartes, Passions of the Soul, 1649
• Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, 1651
• Blaise Pascal, Pensées, 1670
• Baruch Spinoza, Ethics, 1677
• Baruch Spinoza, Tractatus Theologico-Politicus, 1677
• Gottfried Leibniz, Discourse on Metaphysics, 1686
• Nicolas Malebranche, Dialogues on Metaphysics, 1688
• John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, 1689
• John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, 1689
• Anne Conway, The Principles of the Most Ancient and Modern Philosophy, 1690
• Gottfried Leibniz, New Essays on Human Understanding, 1704
• George Berkeley, Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge, 1710
• Gottfried Leibniz, Théodicée, 1710
• Gottfried Leibniz, Monadology, 1714
• Francis Hutcheson, An Inquiry into the Original of our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue, 1725
• David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature, 1738–1740
• Julien Offray de La Mettrie, Man a Machine, 1747
• David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, 1748
• Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws, 1748
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Discourse on the Arts and Sciences, 1750
• Jean le Rond d'Alembert, Preliminary Discourse to the Encyclopédie of Diderot, 1751
• David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals, 1751
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Discourse on the Origin and Basis of Inequality Among Men, 1754
• Adam Smith, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, 1759
• Voltaire, Candide, 1759
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Emile, or On Education, 1762
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract, 1762
• Voltaire, Treatise on Tolerance, 1763
• Thomas Reid, Inquiry into the Human Mind on the Principles of Common Sense, 1764
• Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, 1776
• Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason, 1781
• Immanuel Kant, Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals, 1785
• Thomas Reid, Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man, 1785
• Immanuel Kant, Critique of Practical Reason, 1788
• Jeremy Bentham, An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, 1789
• Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, 1790
• Immanuel Kant, Critique of Judgement, 1790
• Marquis de Condorcet, Sketch for a Historical Picture of the Progress of the Human Mind, 1794
• Sophie de Condorcet, Letters on Sympathy, 1798
• Thomas Paine, Rights of Man, 1791
• Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Women, 1792
• Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Foundations of the Science of Knowledge, 1794

  Nineteenth-century philosophy

• Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Phenomenology of Spirit, 1807
• Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Science of Logic, 1812–1817
• Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, The Philosophy of Right, 1820
• Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, The Philosophy of History, printed 1837
• Arthur Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Representation, 1819–1859
• Auguste Comte, Course of Positive Philosophy, 1830–1842
• Søren Kierkegaard, Either/Or, 1843
• Søren Kierkegaard, Fear and Trembling, 1843
• Søren Kierkegaard, The Concept of Anxiety, 1844
• Søren Kierkegaard, Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments, 1846
• Max Stirner, The Ego and Its Own, 1844
• Karl Marx, The Communist Manifesto, 1848
• Karl Marx, Das Kapital, 1867–1894
• John Stuart Mill, On Liberty, 1859
• John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism, 1861–1863
• John Stuart Mill, Harriet Taylor Mill, The Subjection of Women, 1869
• Herbert Spencer, System of Synthetic Philosophy, 1862–1892
• Henry Sidgwick, The Methods of Ethics, 1874
• Friedrich Nietzsche, Thus Spoke Zarathustra, 1883–1891
• Friedrich Nietzsche, Beyond Good and Evil, 1886
• Friedrich Nietzsche, On the Genealogy of Morals, 1887
• Henri Bergson, Time and Free Will, 1889
• Henri Bergson, Matter and Memory, 1896

  Asian philosophy

Indian philosophy

• The Upanishads
• The Bhagavad Gita
• Samkhya school
• * Isvarakrsna, Sankhya Karika
• Nyaya school
• * Aksapada Gautama, Nyaya Sutras
• Vaisheshika school
• * Kanada, Vaisheshika Sutra
• Yoga school
• * Patañjali, Yoga Sutras
• * Swami Swatamarama, Hatha Yoga Pradipika
• Vedanta school
• * Vyasa, Brahma Sutras
• Mīmāṃsā school
• * Jaimini, Purva Mīmāṃsā Sutras
• Jainism / Jain literature
• * Jain Scriptures
• ** Jain Agamas
• ** Jain Agamas
• Buddhism / Buddhist texts
• * Pāli Canon
• * Mahayana sutras
• Tamil
• * Thiruvalluvar, Thirukkural

  Chinese philosophy

Zhou Dynasty

• Kongzi, Analects
• Kongzi, Five Classics
• Sunzi, Art of War
• Laozi, Dao De Jing

  Warring States

• Mengzi, Mengzi
• Mo Tzu, Mozi
• Zhuangzi, Chuang Tzu
• Han Fei, Han Feizi

  Song Dynasty

• The Record of Linji
• Zhou Dunyi, The Taiji Tushuo
• Zhu Xi, Four Books
• Zhu Xi, Reflections on Things at Hand, 1175

  Japanese philosophy

Pre-Meiji Buddhism

• Kukai, Attaining Enlightenment in this Very Existence, 817
• Honen, One-Sheet Document, 1212
• Shinran, Kyogyoshinsho, 1224
• Dogen Zenji, Shōbōgenzō, 1231–1253
• Hakuin Ekaku, Wild Ivy

  Early modern

• Zeami Motokiyo, Style and Flower, approx. 1400 AD
• Miyamoto Musashi, The Book of Five Rings, approx. 1600 AD

  Contemporary philosophical texts

Phenomenology and existentialism

• Edmund Husserl, Logical Investigations, 1900/1901
• Edmund Husserl, Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy, 1913
• Max Scheler, Formalism in Ethics and Non-Formal Ethics of Values, 1913/1916
• Martin Buber, I and Thou, 1923
• Martin Heidegger, Being and Time, 1927
• Edmund Husserl, Cartesian Meditations, 1931
• Alfred Schütz, The Phenomenology of the Social World, 1932
• Albert Camus, Myth of Sisyphus, 1942
• Jean-Paul Sartre, Being and Nothingness, 1943
• Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology of Perception, 1945
• Jacques Maritain, Existence and the Existent, 1947
• Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex, 1949
• Emmanuel Levinas, Totality and Infinity, 1961
• Emmanuel Levinas, Otherwise than Being, or Beyond Essence, 1974
• Jean-Luc Marion, Being Given, 1997

  Hermeneutics and deconstruction

• Hans-Georg Gadamer, Truth and Method, 1960
• Hans-Georg Gadamer, "Philosophical Hermeneutics", 1977
• Paul Ricœur, Freud and Philosophy: An Essay on Interpretation, 1965
• Jacques Derrida, Of Grammatology, 1967
• Paul Ricœur, Interpretation Theory: Discourse and the Surplus of Meaning, 1976
• Paul Ricœur, Hermeneutics and the Human Sciences: Essays on Language, Action, and Interpretation, 1981
• John McDowell, "Gadamer and Davidson on Understanding and Relativism", 2002

  Structuralism and post-structuralism

• Georges Bataille, The Accursed Share, 1949
• Michel Foucault, The Order of Things, 1966
• Gilles Deleuze, Difference and Repetition, 1968
• Gilles Deleuze, The Logic of Sense, 1969
• Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, Capitalism and Schizophrenia, 1972–1980
• Jean Baudrillard, The Mirror of Production, 1973
• Luce Irigaray, Speculum of the Other Woman, 1974
• Michel Foucault, Discipline and Punish, 1975
• Jean Baudrillard, Simulacra and Simulation, 1981

  Critical theory and Marxism

• György Lukács, History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics, 1923
• Herbert Marcuse, Reason and Revolution: Hegel and the Rise of Social Theory, 1941
• Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno, Dialectic of Enlightenment, 1944
• Herbert Marcuse, Eros and Civilization, 1945
• Henri Lefebvre, Critique of Everyday Life, 1947, 1961, 1981
• Jean-Paul Sartre, Critique of Dialectical Reason, 1960
• Herbert Marcuse, One-Dimensional Man, 1964
• Louis Althusser, Reading Capital, 1965
• Theodor Adorno, Negative Dialectics, 1966
• Cornelius Castoriadis, The Imaginary Institution of Society, 1975
• G. A. Cohen, Karl Marx's Theory of History: A Defense, 1978
• Jürgen Habermas, The Theory of Communicative Action, 1981
• Marshall Berman, All That Is Solid Melts into Air: The Experience of Modernity, 1982
• Alain Badiou, Being and Event, 1988

  Epistemology

• Bertrand Russell, The Problems of Philosophy, 1912
• G. E. Moore, "A Defence of Common Sense", 1925
• Jacques Maritain, The Degrees of Knowledge, 1932
• Olaf Helmer and Nicholas Rescher, "On the Epistemology of the Inexact Sciences", 1959
• Edmund Gettier, "Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?", 1963
• Roderick Chisholm, Theory of Knowledge, 1966/1989
• W. V. O. Quine, "Epistemology Naturalized", 1971
• Peter Unger, Ignorance: A Case for Scepticism, 1975
• Richard Rorty, Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature, 1979
• Stanley Cavell, The Claim of Reason: Wittgenstein, Skepticism, Morality, and Tragedy, 1979
• Alvin Goldman, "What is Justified Belief?", 1979
• Laurence Bonjour, The Structure of Empirical Knowledge, 1985
• John Hardwig, "Epistemic Dependence", 1985
• Alvin Goldman, Epistemology and Cognition, 1986
• Stephen Stich, The Fragmentation of Reason: Preface to a Pragmatic Theory of Cognitive Evaluation, 1990
• Susan Haack, Evidence and Inquiry: Towards Reconstruction in Epistemology, 1993/2009
• John McDowell, Mind and World, 1994
• David K. Lewis, "Elusive Knowledge", 1996
• Alvin Goldman, Knowledge in a Social World, 1999
• Jürgen Habermas, "Truth and Justification", 1999
• Timothy Williamson, Knowledge and its Limits, 2000
• Donald Davidson, Subjective, Intersubjective, Objective, 2001
• Hilary Kornblith, Knowledge and its Place in Nature, 2002
• Jonathan Kvanvig, The Value of Knowledge and the Pursuit of Understanding, 2003
• Michael A. Bishop and J. D. Trout, Epistemology and the Psychology of Human Judgment, 2005
• Jason Stanley, Knowledge and Practical Interests, 2005
• Miranda Fricker, Epistemic Injustice: Power and the Ethics of Knowing, 2007
• Keith DeRose, The Case for Contextualism: Knowledge, Skepticism, and Context, 2009

  Metaphysics

• Henri Bergson, "Introduction to Metaphysics", 1903
• G. E. Moore, "The Refutation of Idealism", 1903
• Henri Bergson, Creative Evolution, 1907
• William James, Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking, 1907
• John Dewey, Experience and Nature, 1925/1929
• Alfred North Whitehead, Process and Reality, 1929
• R. G. Collingwood, An Essay on Metaphysics, 1940
• W. V. O. Quine, "On What There Is", 1948
• Rudolf Carnap, Meaning and Necessity: A Study in Semantics and Modal Logic, 1947/1956
• Rudolf Carnap, "Empiricism, Semantics, and Ontology", 1950
• W. V. O. Quine, "Two Dogmas of Empiricism", 1951
• Errol Harris, The Foundations of Metaphysics in Science, 1965
• Saul Kripke, Naming and Necessity, 1972/1980
• D. M. Armstrong, Universals and Scientific Realism, 1978
• W. V. O. Quine, Theories and Things, 1981
• Derek Parfit, Reasons and Persons, 1984
• David K. Lewis, On the Plurality of Worlds, 1986
• Peter van Inwagen, Metaphysics, 1993/2015
• Nicholas Rescher, Process Metaphysics: An Introduction to Process Philosophy, 1996
• E. J. Lowe, The Possibility of Metaphysics: Substance, Identity, and Time, 1998
• Stephen Mumford, Dispositions, 1998
• Theodore Sider, Writing the Book of the World, 2011
• David Chalmers, Constructing the World, 2012
• Timothy Williamson, Modal Logic as Metaphysics, 2013

  Philosophy of mind

• Gilbert Ryle, The Concept of Mind, 1949
• Wilfrid Sellars, "Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind", 1956
• Herbert Feigl, "The 'Mental' and the 'Physical'", 1958
• David K. Lewis, "An Argument for the Identity Theory", 1966
• Thomas Nagel, "What Is it Like to Be a Bat?", 1974
• Jerry Fodor, The Language of Thought, 1975
• Hilary Putnam, "The Meaning of 'Meaning'", 1975
• Tyler Burge, "Individualism and the Mental", 1979
• Paul Churchland, "Eliminative Materialism and Propositional Attitudes", 1981
• Jerry Fodor, The Modularity of Mind: An Essay on Faculty Psychology, 1983
• John Searle, Intentionality: An Essay in the Philosophy of Mind, 1983
• Stephen Stich, From Folk Psychology to Cognitive Science: The Case Against Belief, 1983
• Ruth Garrett Millikan, Language, Thought, and Other Biological Categories: New Foundations for Realism, 1984
• Patricia Churchland, Neurophilosophy: Toward a Unified Science of the Mind-Brain, 1986
• Thomas Nagel, The View from Nowhere, 1986
• Mark Johnson, The Body in the Mind: The Bodily Basis of Meaning, Imagination, and Reason, 1987
• Roger Penrose, The Emperor's New Mind: Concerning Computers, Minds and The Laws of Physics, 1989
• Daniel Dennett, Consciousness Explained, 1991
• Francisco J. Varela, Evan Thompson, and Eleanor Rosch, The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience, 1991
• David Chalmers, The Conscious Mind, 1996
• Andy Clark, Being There: Putting Brain, Body and World Together Again, 1997
• Shaun Gallagher, How the Body Shapes the Mind, 2005
• Andy Clark, Supersizing the Mind: Embodiment, Action, and Cognitive Extension, 2008
• David Chalmers, The Character of Consciousness, 2010
• Cordelia Fine, Delusions of Gender: How Our Minds, Society, and Neurosexism Create Difference, 2010
• Evan Thompson, Mind in Life, 2010
• Andy Clark, Surfing Uncertainty: Prediction, Action, and the Embodied Mind, 2015

  Philosophy of religion

• William James, "The Will to Believe", 1896
• William James, The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature, 1902
• Aldous Huxley, The Perennial Philosophy, 1945
• Frithjof Schuon, The Transcendent Unity of Religions, 1948
• Alvin Plantinga, God and Other Minds: A Study of the Rational Justification of Belief in God, 1967
• Dewi Zephaniah Phillips, Religion Without Explanation, 1976
• Richard Swinburne, The Existence of God, 1979
• William Lane Craig, The Kalam Cosmological Argument, 1979
• Alvin Plantinga, "Is Belief in God Properly Basic?", 1981
• Jean-Luc Marion, God Without Being, 1982
• J. L. Mackie, The Miracle of Theism: Arguments for and against the Existence of God, 1982
• John Hick, An Interpretation of Religion: Human Responses to the Transcendent, 1989/2004
• William Alston, Perceiving God: The Epistemology of Religious Experience, 1991
• J. L. Schellenberg, Divine Hiddenness and Human Reason, 1993
• William L. Rowe, "The Evidential Argument from Evil: A Second Look", 1996
• Jay L. Garfield, Empty Words: Buddhist Philosophy and Cross-Cultural Interpretation, 2001
• Keith Yandell, Philosophy of Religion: A Contemporary Introduction, 2002

  Philosophy of science

• William Whewell, The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences: Founded upon their History, 1840
• John Stuart Mill, A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive, 1843
• William Stanley Jevons, The Principles of Science: A Treatise on Logic and Scientific Method, 1874
• Charles Sanders Peirce, Illustrations of the Logic of Science, 1877–1878
• Karl Pearson, The Grammar of Science, 1892
• Henri Poincaré, Science and Hypothesis, 1902, and The Value of Science, 1905
• Hermann Weyl, Philosophy of Mathematics and Natural Science, 1927/1949
• Otto Neurath, "Physicalism: The Philosophy of the Viennese Circle", 1931
• John Dewey, Logic: The Theory of Inquiry, 1938
• Rudolf Carnap, Logical Foundations of Probability, 1950/1962
• Hans Reichenbach, The Rise of Scientific Philosophy, 1951
• Stephen Toulmin, The Philosophy of Science: An Introduction, 1953
• Nelson Goodman, Fact, Fiction, and Forecast, 1955
• Michael Polanyi, Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-critical Philosophy, 1958
• Karl Popper, The Logic of Scientific Discovery, 1959
• Ernest Nagel, The Structure of Science: Problems in the Logic of Scientific Explanation, 1961
• Thomas Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 1962/1996
• Carl Gustav Hempel, Aspects of Scientific Explanation and Other Essays in the Philosophy of Science, 1965
• Mario Bunge, Scientific Research: Strategy and Philosophy, 1967
• Stephen Toulmin, Human Understanding: The Collective Use and Evolution of Concepts, 1972
• Mario Bunge, Treatise on Basic Philosophy, 1974–1989
• Michael Friedman, "Explanation and Scientific Understanding", 1974
• Roy Bhaskar, A Realist Theory of Science, 1975
• Paul Feyerabend, Against Method: Outline of an Anarchistic Theory of Knowledge, 1975/1993
• Larry Laudan, Progress and its Problems: Towards a Theory of Scientific Growth, 1978
• David K. Lewis, "How to Define Theoretical Terms", 1979
• Marx W. Wartofsky, Models: Representation and the Scientific Understanding, 1979
• Bas C. van Fraassen, The Scientific Image, 1980
• Carolyn Merchant, The Death of Nature: Women, Ecology, and the Scientific Revolution, 1980
• Wesley C. Salmon, Scientific Explanation and the Causal Structure of the World, 1984
• Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer, Leviathan and the Air-Pump: Hobbes, Boyle, and the Experimental Life, 1985
• Ronald Giere, Explaining Science: A Cognitive Approach, 1988
• David Hull, Science as a Process: An Evolutionary Account of the Social and Conceptual Development of Science, 1988
• Paul Thagard, Computational Philosophy of Science, 1988
• Helen Longino, Science as Social Knowledge: Values and Objectivity in Scientific Inquiry, 1990
• Peter Achinstein, Particles and Waves: Historical Essays in the Philosophy of Science, 1991
• Lorraine Code, What Can She Know? Feminist Theory and the Construction of Knowledge, 1991
• Sandra Harding, Whose Science? Whose Knowledge? Thinking from Women's Lives, 1991
• Paul Thagard, Conceptual Revolutions, 1992
• John Dupré, The Disorder of Things: Metaphysical Foundations of the Disunity of Science, 1993
• Deborah Mayo, Error and the Growth of Experimental Knowledge, 1996
• E. O. Wilson, Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge, 1998
• John Ziman, Real Science: What it Is, and What it Means, 2000
• Patrick Suppes, Representation and Invariance of Scientific Structures, 2002
• Hasok Chang, Inventing Temperature: Measurement and Scientific Progress, 2004
• William C. Wimsatt, Re-Engineering Philosophy for Limited Beings: Piecewise Approximations to Reality, 2007
• Nancy J. Nersessian, Creating Scientific Concepts, 2008
• Heather Douglas, Science, Policy, and the Value-Free Ideal, 2009
• Peter Godfrey-Smith, Theory and Reality: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science, 2009
• William Bechtel and Robert C. Richardson, Discovering Complexity: Decomposition and Localization as Strategies in Scientific Research, 2010

  Philosophy of biology

• Erwin Schrödinger, What is Life? The Physical Aspect of the Living Cell, 1945
• David Hull, Philosophy of Biological Science, 1974
• Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Lewontin, "The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme", 1979
• Stephen Jay Gould, The Mismeasure of Man, 1981/1996
• Richard Dawkins, The Extended Phenotype, 1982
• Ernst Mayr, The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance, 1982
• Elliott Sober, The Nature of Selection: Evolutionary Theory in Philosophical Focus, 1984
• Michael Ruse, Taking Darwin Seriously: A Naturalistic Approach to Philosophy, 1986
• Kristin Shrader-Frechette and Earl D. McCoy, Method in Ecology: Strategies for Conservation, 1993
• Elliott Sober, Philosophy of Biology, 1993/2000
• Daniel C. Dennett, Darwin's Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life, 1995
• Martin Mahner and Mario Bunge, Foundations of Biophilosophy, 1997
• Kim Sterelny and Paul E. Griffiths, Sex and Death: An Introduction to Philosophy of Biology, 1999
• Sandra Mitchell, Biological Complexity and Integrative Pluralism, 2003
• Denis Noble, The Music of Life: Biology Beyond the Genome, 2006
• Samir Okasha, Evolution and the Levels of Selection, 2006
• Elliott Sober, Evidence and Evolution: The Logic Behind the Science, 2008
• Michael Ruse, The Philosophy of Human Evolution, 2010

  Philosophy of chemistry

• Eric Scerri and Lee C. McIntyre, "The Case for the Philosophy of Chemistry", 1997
• Davis Baird, Eric Scerri, and Lee C. McIntyre, Philosophy of Chemistry: Synthesis of a New Discipline, 2006

  Philosophy of physics

• Pierre Duhem, The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory, 1906
• Albert Einstein, The Meaning of Relativity, 1922
• Hans Reichenbach, The Philosophy of Space and Time, 1928/1957
• Arthur Eddington, Philosophy of Physical Science, 1939
• Werner Heisenberg, Physics and Philosophy: The Revolution in Modern Science, 1958
• Adolf Grünbaum, Philosophical Problems of Space and Time, 1963/1973
• John Stewart Bell, "On the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen Paradox", 1964
• Rudolf Carnap, Philosophical Foundations of Physics, 1966
• Lawrence Sklar, Space, Time, and Spacetime, 1974
• Nancy Cartwright, How the Laws of Physics Lie, 1983
• Michael Friedman, Foundations of Space-Time Theories: Relativistic Physics and the Philosophy of Science, 1983
• John Stewart Bell, Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics: Collected Papers on Quantum Philosophy, 1987/2004
• Lawrence Sklar, Philosophy of Physics, 1992
• Lawrence Sklar, Physics and Chance: Philosophical Issues in the Foundations of Statistical Mechanics, 1993
• Roland Omnès, Quantum Philosophy: Understanding and Interpreting Contemporary Science, 1994/1999
• Jeffrey Bub, Interpreting the Quantum World, 1997
• Roberto Torretti, The Philosophy of Physics, 1999
• Craig Callender and Nick Huggett, Physics Meets Philosophy at the Planck Scale: Contemporary Theories in Quantum Gravity, 2001
• Harvey Brown, Physical Relativity: Space-time Structure from a Dynamical Perspective, 2005
• Laura Ruetsche, Interpreting Quantum Theories: The Art of the Possible, 2011

  Philosophy of psychology

• William James, The Principles of Psychology, 1890
• B. F. Skinner, Science and Human Behavior, 1953
• Abraham Kaplan, The Conduct of Inquiry: Methodology for Behavioral Science, 1964
• Paul E. Meehl, "Theory-Testing in Psychology and Physics: A Methodological Paradox", 1967
• Roy Bhaskar, The Possibility of Naturalism: A Philosophical Critique of the Contemporary Human Sciences, 1979/2015
• John Robert Anderson, Cognitive Psychology and its Implications, 1980/2019
• Ned Block, Readings in Philosophy of Psychology, 1981
• Mario Bunge and Rubén Ardilla, Philosophy of Psychology, 1987
• Paul E. Meehl, "Theoretical Risks and Tabular Asterisks: Sir Karl, Sir Ronald, and the Slow Progress of Soft Psychology", 1992
• George Botterill and Peter Carruthers, The Philosophy of Psychology, 1999
• Steven Pinker, The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature, 2002
• Jesse Prinz, Gut Reactions: A Perceptual Theory of Emotion, 2004

  Aesthetics

• Benedetto Croce, Aesthetic: As Science of Expression and General Linguistic, 1902
• Jacques Maritain, Art and Scholasticism, 1920
• John Dewey, Art as Experience, 1934
• R. G. Collingwood, The Principles of Art, 1938
• Susanne Langer, Problems of Art: Ten Philosophical Lectures, 1957
• Monroe Beardsley, Aesthetics: Problems in the Philosophy of Criticism, 1958
• George Kubler, The Shape of Time: Remarks on the History of Things, 1962
• Virgil Aldrich, Philosophy of Art, 1963
• Nelson Goodman, Languages of Art: An Approach to a Theory of Symbols, 1968/1976
• Rudolf Arnheim, Visual Thinking, 1969
• Theodor Adorno, Aesthetic Theory, 1970
• Richard Schechner, Essays on Performance Theory, 1976/2004
• Arthur Danto, The Transfiguration of the Commonplace: A Philosophy of Art, 1981
• Richard Shusterman, Pragmatist Aesthetics: Living Beauty, Rethinking Art, 1992/2000
• Arthur Danto, After the End of Art: Contemporary Art and the Pale of History, 1997

  Ethics and value theory

Ethics

• G. E. Moore, Principia Ethica, 1903
• W. D. Ross, The Right and the Good, 1930
• G. E. M. Anscombe, "Modern Moral Philosophy", 1958
• C. H. Waddington, The Ethical Animal, 1960
• Peter Singer, "Famine, Affluence, and Morality", 1972
• J. L. Mackie, , 1977
• Sissela Bok, Lying: Moral Choice in Public and Private Life, 1978
• Philippa Foot, Virtues and Vices: And Other Essays in Moral Philosophy, 1978
• Alan Gewirth, Reason and Morality, 1978
• Peter Singer, Practical Ethics, 1979/2011
• Alasdair MacIntyre, After Virtue, 1981/2007
• Samuel Scheffler, The Rejection of Consequentialism, 1982/1994
• Derek Parfit, Reasons and Persons, 1984
• Bernard Williams, Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy, 1985
• David Gauthier, Morals by Agreement, 1986
• Peter Railton, "Moral Realism", 1986
• Martha Nussbaum, The Fragility of Goodness: Luck and Ethics in Greek Tragedy and Philosophy, 1986
• Paul W. Taylor, Respect for Nature: A Theory of Environmental Ethics, 1986
• Holmes Rolston III, Environmental Ethics: Duties to and Values in the Natural World, 1988
• Susan Hurley, Natural Reasons: Personality and Polity, 1989
• Shelly Kagan, The Limits of Morality, 1989
• Allan Gibbard, Wise Choices, Apt Feelings: A Theory Of Normative Judgment, 1990
• Joan Tronto, Moral Boundaries: A Political Argument for an Ethic of Care, 1993
• Annette Baier, Moral Prejudices: Essays on Ethics, 1994
• Michael A. Smith, The Moral Problem, 1994
• Christine Korsgaard, The Sources of Normativity, 1996
• Peter Unger, Living High and Letting Die: Our Illusion of Innocence, 1996
• Thomas M. Scanlon, What We Owe to Each Other, 1998
• Rosalind Hursthouse, On Virtue Ethics, 1999
• Philippa Foot, Natural Goodness, 2001
• Allan Gibbard, Thinking How to Live, 2003
• Michael Huemer, Ethical Intuitionism, 2005
• Virginia Held, The Ethics of Care: Personal, Political, and Global, 2006
• Derek Parfit, On What Matters, 2011/2017

  Meta-ethics

• P. F. Strawson, "Freedom and Resentment", 1962
• John McDowell, "Virtue and Reason", 1972
• John McDowell, "Non-Cognitivism and Rule-Following", 1981
• Jürgen Habermas, Justification and Application: Remarks on Discourse Ethics, 1993

  Bioethics

• Paul Ramsey, Fabricated Man: The Ethics of Genetic Control, 1970
• Paul Ramsey, The Patient as Person: Explorations in Medical Ethics, 1970
• Judith Jarvis Thomson, "A Defense of Abortion", 1971
• Don Marquis, "Why Abortion is Immoral", 1989

  Identity

• Edward Said, Orientalism, 1978
• Judith Butler, "Performative Acts and Gender Constitution", 1988
• Judith Butler, Gender Trouble, 1990
• Kwame Anthony Appiah, The Ethics of Identity, 2005
• Sara Ahmed, On Being Included: Racism and Diversity in Institutional Life, 2012
• Sally Haslanger, Resisting Reality: Social Construction and Social Critique, 2012

  Social philosophy

Philosophy of economics

• Lionel Robbins, An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science, 1932
• Kenneth Arrow, Social Choice and Individual Values, 1951/1963
• Ludwig von Mises, The Ultimate Foundation of Economic Science, 1962
• Joan Robinson, Economic Philosophy, 1962
• Kenneth E. Boulding, "Economics as a Moral Science", 1969
• Amartya Sen, On Economic Inequality, 1973
• Elizabeth S. Anderson, Value in Ethics and Economics, 1993
• Paul Ormerod, The Death of Economics, 1994
• Amartya Sen, Development as Freedom, 1999
• Steve Keen, Debunking Economics: The Naked Emperor of the Social Sciences, 2001/2011

  Philosophy of education

• John Dewey, Democracy and Education, 1916
• B.F. Skinner, Walden Two, 1948
• Paulo Freire, Pedagogy of the Oppressed, 1968

  Philosophy of history

• Maurice Mandelbaum, The Problem of Historical Knowledge: An Answer to Relativism, 1938
• R. G. Collingwood, The Idea of History, 1946
• Karl Löwith, Meaning in History: The Theological Implications of the Philosophy of History, 1949
• Patrick Gardiner, The Nature of Historical Explanation, 1952
• Muhsin Mahdi, Ibn Khaldun's Philosophy of History: A Study in the Philosophic Foundation of the Science of Culture, 1957
• E. H. Carr, What Is History?, 1961
• Arthur Danto, Analytical Philosophy of History, 1965

  Philosophy of law

• Roscoe Pound, An Introduction to the Philosophy of Law, 1954
• H. L. A. Hart, The Concept of Law, 1961
• Lon L. Fuller, The Morality of Law, 1964/1969
• Ronald Dworkin, Taking Rights Seriously, 1977
• John Finnis, Natural Law and Natural Rights, 1980/2011
• David Lyons, Ethics and the Rule of Law, 1984
• Ronald Dworkin, Law's Empire, 1986

  Political philosophy

• Jacques Maritain, Integral Humanism: Temporal and Spiritual Problems of a New Christendom, 1936
• John Dewey, Freedom and Culture, 1939
• Jacques Maritain, The Rights of Man and Natural Law, 1942
• Friedrich Hayek, The Road to Serfdom, 1944
• Karl Popper, The Open Society and Its Enemies, 1945
• Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, 1951
• Isaiah Berlin, "Two Concepts of Liberty", 1958
• Bruno Leoni, Freedom and the Law, 1961
• John Rawls, A Theory of Justice, 1971
• Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State, and Utopia, 1974
• Michael J. Sandel, Liberalism and the Limits of Justice, 1982/1998
• Michael Walzer, Spheres of Justice: A Defense of Pluralism and Equality, 1983
• Joseph Raz, The Morality of Freedom, 1986
• Paul Ricœur, Lectures on Ideology and Utopia, 1986
• Jürgen Habermas, Between Facts and Norms, 1992
• Axel Honneth, The Struggle for Recognition: The Moral Grammar of Social Conflicts, 1992
• John Rawls, Political Liberalism, 1993
• Will Kymlicka, Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights, 1995
• Nancy Fraser, Justice Interruptus: Critical Reflections on the "Postsocialist" Condition, 1997
• Roberto Mangabeira Unger, Democracy Realized: The Progressive Alternative, 1998
• Amartya Sen, The Idea of Justice, 2009
• Alan Thomas, Republic of Equals: Predistribution and Property-Owning Democracy, 2017

  Logic, language, and mathematics

Logic and philosophy of logic

• Charles Sanders Peirce, "", 1878
• Gottlob Frege, Begriffsschrift, 1879
• Bertrand Russell and Alfred North Whitehead, Principia Mathematica, 1910–13/1925–27
• Kurt Gödel, "On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems", 1931
• Frank P. Ramsey, Foundations of Mathematics and other Logical Essays, 1931
• Alfred Tarski, "The Concept of Truth in Formalized Languages", 1933/1956
• Alfred Tarski, Introduction to Logic and to the Methodology of the Deductive Sciences, 1941/1994
• Wilfrid Sellars, "Inference and Meaning", 1953
• Alfred Tarski, Logic, Semantics, Metamathematics: Papers from 1923 to 1938, 1956/1983
• William Kneale and Martha Kneale, The Development of Logic, 1962
• Saul Kripke, "Semantical Considerations on Modal Logic", 1963
• Donald Davidson, "Truth and Meaning", 1967
• Willard Van Orman Quine, Philosophy of Logic, 1970/1986
• David K. Lewis, Counterfactuals, 1973
• Susan Haack, Philosophy of Logics, 1978
• Peter Spirtes, Clark Glymour, and Richard Scheines, Causation, Prediction, and Search, 1993
• Robert Brandom, Articulating Reasons: An Introduction to Inferentialism, 2000

  Philosophy of language

• Gottlob Frege, "On Sense and Reference", 1892
• Bertrand Russell, "On Denoting", 1905
• Ludwig Wittgenstein, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, 1921
• A. J. Ayer, Language, Truth, and Logic, 1936
• Ludwig Wittgenstein, Philosophical Investigations, 1953
• J. L. Austin, How To Do Things With Words, 1955/1962
• J. L. Austin, "A Plea for Excuses", 1956
• Willard Van Orman Quine, Word and Object, 1960
• H. Paul Grice, "Logic and Conversation", 1967/1987
• Stanley Cavell, Must We Mean What We Say? A Book of Essays, 1969/1976
• John Searle, Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language, 1969
• Saul Kripke, Naming and Necessity, 1972/1980
• David K. Lewis, "General Semantics", 1972
• Donald Davidson, "Radical Interpretation", 1973
• Donald Davidson, "On the Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme", 1973
• Michael Dummett, , 1973/1981
• Michael Devitt and Kim Sterelny, Language and Reality: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Language, 1987/1999
• Cora Diamond, The Realistic Spirit: Wittgenstein, Philosophy, and the Mind, 1991
• Robert Brandom, Making it Explicit: Reasoning, Representing, and Discursive Commitment, 1994
• John McDowell, Meaning, Knowledge and Reality, 1998

  Philosophy of mathematics

• Gottlob Frege, The Foundations of Arithmetic, 1884
• Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell, Principia Mathematica, 1910–13/1925–27
• Bertrand Russell, Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy, 1919
• Eugene Wigner, "The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences", 1960
• Paul Benacerraf and Hilary Putnam, Philosophy of Mathematics: Selected Readings, 1964/1983
• Paul Benacerraf, "What Numbers Could not Be", 1965
• Paul Benacerraf, "Mathematical Truth", 1973
• Ian Hacking, The Emergence of Probability: A Philosophical Study of Early Ideas about Probability, Induction and Statistical Inference, 1975
• Imre Lakatos, Proofs and Refutations, 1976
• Hartry Field, Science without Numbers: A Defence of Nominalism, 1980/2016
• Penelope Maddy, Realism in Mathematics, 1990
• George Boolos, Logic, Logic and Logic, 1998
• Mark Colyvan, The Indispensability of Mathematics, 2001
• Penelope Maddy, Second Philosophy: A Naturalistic Method, 2007

  Chinese and Japanese thought

• Kitaro Nishida, An Inquiry into the Good, 1911
• Kitaro Nishida, From the Acting to the Seeing, 1923–27
• Suzuki Daisetsu Teitaro, An Introduction to Zen Buddhism, 1934
• Feng Youlan, A History of Chinese Philosophy, 1934
• Feng Youlan, New Rational Philosophy, 1939
• A Manifesto for a Re-appraisal of Sinology and Reconstruction of Chinese Culture, 1958
• Keiji Nishitani, Religion and Nothingness, 1961