List of former European colonies
This is a list of former European colonies.
North America
Northern and Central America
Britain
- British America
- *Canadian colonies
- **Island of St. John
- **Rupert's Land
- **Lower Canada
- *** Province of Quebec
- **Upper Canada
- **Newfoundland Colony
- *"Thirteen Colonies"
- **New England Colonies:
- ***Province of Massachusetts Bay
- ***Province of New Hampshire
- ***Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
- ***Connecticut Colony
- **Province of New York
- **Province of New Jersey
- **Province of Pennsylvania
- **Delaware Colony
- **Province of Maryland
- **Colony of Virginia
- **Province of North Carolina
- **Province of South Carolina
- **Province of Georgia
- *Other North American colonies
- **Province of East Florida
- **Province of West Florida
- **Indian Reserve
- **Oregon Country
- Bermuda
- British Honduras
- Mosquito Coast
- Bay Islands
Belgium
Denmark
- Greenland
- Danish West Indies
France
- *New France
- *Newfoundland
- *Île-Royale
- Saint-Domingue
Netherlands
- New Netherlands
Norway
- Greenland
- Vinland
Portugal
- Claim to Labrador
- Claim and settlement in Terra Nova
Russia
- Fort Ross, California
- Alaska
Spain
- Viceroyalty of New Spain
- *Las Californias
- *Nuevo Reino de León
- *Nuevo Santander
- *Nueva Vizcaya
- *Santa Fe de Nuevo México
- *Nueva Extremadura
- *Nueva Galicia
- *Captaincy General of Cuba
- *Puerto Rico
- *Santo Domingo
- *Captaincy General of Guatemala
- *Costa Rica
- *El Salvador
- *East Florida and West Florida
- *Settlement at Nootka, near Vancouver Island, Canada
Scotland
- Nova Scotia
Sweden
- New Sweden
Caribbean
Brandenburg
- St Thomas
Britain
- Bahamas
- Barbados
- Jamaica
- Leeward Islands
- *Antigua and Barbuda
- *Dominica
- *Saint Christopher -Nevis
- Windward Islands
- *Grenada
- *Saint Lucia
- *Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Courland ([Latvia])
- New Courland
Denmark-Norway
- Saint John
- Saint Thomas
- Saint Croix
France
- Anguilla
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Dominica
- Grenada
- Haiti
- Montserrat
- Saint Barthélemy
- Nevis
- Saint Christophe
- Saint Croix
- Saint-Domingue
- Sainte-Lucia
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Sint Eustatius
- Tobago
Knights of Malta
- Saint Christopher
- Saint Croix
- Tortuga
Netherlands
- Anegada
- New Walcheren
- Saint Croix
- Tortola
- Virgin Gorda
Portugal
- Barbados
Scotland
- Caledonia
Spain
- Spanish West Indies
Sweden
- Guadeloupe
- Saint-Barthélemy
South America
Britain
- British Guiana
- *Berbice, Essequibo, Demerara
- Falkland Islands
- South Georgia
- *South Sandwich Islands
France
- Brazil
- Iles Malouines
- French Guiana
Netherlands
- Berbice
- Demerara
- Surinam
- Essequibo
- New Holland
Portugal
- Brazil
Spain
- Perú
- New Granada
- Río de la Plata
- Capital General de Chile
- Upper Peru
- Capital General de Venezuela
- Banda Oriental
- real Audiencia de Quito
Africa
Belgium
- Belgian Congo
- Lado Enclave
- Ruanda-Urundi
Brandenburg
- Arguin
- Brandenburger Gold Coast
Britain
- Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
- Basutoland
- Balleland
- Bechuanaland
- British East Africa
- British Somaliland
- British Togoland
- British Cameroons
- British Egypt
- *Khedivate of Egypt
- *Sultanate of Egypt
- *Kingdom of Egypt
- Gambia Colony and Protectorate
- Gold Coast
- Colonial Nigeria
- *Niger Coast Protectorate
- *Northern Nigeria Protectorate
- *Southern Nigeria Protectorate
- *Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria
- Northern Rhodesia
- Nyasaland
- Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate
- South Africa
- *British Cape Colony
- *Colony of Natal
- *Orange Free State
- *Transvaal Colony
- South-West Africa
- *Walvis Bay
- Southern Rhodesia
- Swaziland
- Tanganyika Territory
- Uganda Protectorate
- Sultanate of Zanzibar
Courland
- St. Andrews Island
Denmark-Norway
- Danish Gold Coast
France
- Albreda
- Comoros
- French Dahomey
- French Algeria
- French Cameroons
- French Chad
- French Congo
- French Guinea
- French Upper Volta
- French Somaliland
- French Sudan
- French Togoland
- French Madagascar
- Gabon
- Ivory Coast
- Colonial Mauritania
- French protectorate in Morocco
- Oubangui-Chari
- Senegal
- Senegambia and Niger
- *Upper Senegal and Niger
- *Colony of Niger
- French protectorate of Tunisia
Germany
- German East Africa
- German South-West Africa
- Kamerun
- Togoland
- Wituland
Italy
- Italian East Africa
- *Italian Eritrea
- *Italian Somaliland
- Italian Libya
Netherlands
- Arguin Island
- Dutch Cape Colony
- Dutch Gold Coast
- Dutch Loango-Angola
- Gorée
- Moçambique
- São Tomé
- South Africa
Portugal
- Ajuda
- Angola
- Annobon
- Cabinda
- Cape Verde
- Ceuta
- Gorée
- Malindi
- Mombasa
- Algarve Ultramar
- *Agadir
- *Alcacer Ceguer
- *Arzila
- *Azamor
- *Mazagan
- *Mogador
- *Safim
- Nigeria
- Mozambique
- Portuguese Gold Coast
- Portuguese Guinea
- Quíloa
- São Tomé and Príncipe
- Tangier
- Zanzibar
- Ziguinchor
Spain
- Bona
- Bougie
- Jerba
- Fernando Po and Annobon
- Oran
- Port Guinea
- Río Muni
- Spanish North Africa
- *Spanish Protectorate in Morocco
- Spanish West Africa
- *Río de Oro
- *Saguia el-Hamra
- *Tarfaya Strip
- *Ifni
Sweden
- Swedish Gold Coast
Indian Ocean
Britain
- Mauritius
- Seychelles
- Maldives
France
- French Comoros
- Isle de France
- French Madagascar
- French Seychelles
Netherlands
- Dutch Mauritius
Portugal
- Laccadive Islands
- Maldive Islands
- Socotra
West Asia
Britain
- Aden Protectorate
- Bahrain
- Mandatory Iraq
- Sheikhdom of Kuwait
- Muscat and Oman
- Mandatory Palestine
- Qatar
- South Arabia
- Emirate of Transjordan
- Trucial States
France
- French Mandate of Syria And Lebanon
Netherlands
- Jemen, Al Mukha
- Mesopotamia
Portugal
- Aden
- Bandar Abbas
- Hormuz
- Manama
- Muharraq Island
- Muscat
- Qeshm
Russia
- Russian Armenia
- Russian Azerbaijan
- Russian Georgia
South Asia
Austria
- Nicobar Islands
Britain
- British India
- *Bangladesh
- *India
- *Pakistan
- Burma
- Ceylon
Denmark-Norway
- Frederik Oerne Islands
- Serampore
- Tranquebar
France
- India
- *Pondicherry, Karikal, Yanaon, Mahé, and Chandernagore
Netherlands
- Bangladesh
- Ceylon
- India
Portugal
- Bombay
- Calicut
- Cambay
- Cannanore
- Ceylon
- Chaul
- Chittagong
- Cochin
- Dadra and Nagar Haveli
- Daman and Diu
- Goa
- Hughli
- Masulipatnam
- Mangalore
- Surat
- Syriam
Asia-Pacific
Britain
- Australia
- * New South Wales
- *Queensland
- *South Australia
- *Swan River Colony/Western Australia
- *Van Diemen's Land
- *Victoria
- British Solomon Islands
- British Western Pacific Territories
- Colonial Fiji
- Gilbert and Ellice Islands
- Hawaii
- Kingdom of Rarotonga
- New Zealand
- *Auckland Islands
- *New Hebrides
- Niue
- Territory of Papua and New Guinea
- Territory of New Guinea
- Western Samoa
- Phoenix Islands
- Solomon Islands
- New Hebrides
- Territory of Papua
- Tokelau
- Tonga
- East Asia
- *Malaysia
- *British Malaya
- **Federated Malay States
- **Straits Settlements
- **Unfederated Malay States
- *British Borneo
- **North Borneo
- **Kingdom of Sarawak
- Brunei
- Bonin Islands
- Singapore
- China
- * Hong Kong
- * Weihaiwei
- *Shanghai International Settlement
- *Tientsin
- * Canton
Belgium
- Tientsin
France
- East Asia
- *Kwang-Chou-Wan leased territory, now the city of Zhanjiang
- *French settlements
- *French zone of influence officially recognized by China over the provinces of Yunnan, Guangxi, Hainan, and Guangdong
- Indochina
- *Cambodia
- *Laos
- *Vietnam
- **Annam
- **Cochinchina
- **Tonkin
- New Hebrides
Germany
- Bismarck Archipelago
- Caroline Islands
- German Samoa
- Jiaozhou Bay
- Kaiser-Wilhelmsland
- Marshall Islands
- Nauru
- North Solomon Islands
- Northern Marianas Islands
- Palau
Italy
- Tientsin
Netherlands
- Burma
- Dutch East Indies
- Malacca
- Dutch Formosa
- Dejima
Portugal
- Flores
- Macau
- Malacca
- Moluccas
- *Ambon
- *Ternate
- *Tidore
- Portuguese Timor
Russia
- Kazakhstan
- Kyrgyzstan
- Tajikistan
- Turkmenistan
- Uzbekistan
Spain
- Spanish East Indies
- *Philippines
- *Marianas Islands
- **Guam
- **Northern Marianas Islands
- *Caroline Islands
- Marshall Islands
Europe
Austria
- Austrian Netherlands
- Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina was a de jure annexation, but some historians characterize the regime as comparable to colonial rule, especially as model colonies consisting of non-Bosnian citizens were established.
Britain
- Corsica
- Cyprus
- Dutch Republic
- France
- *Pale of Calais
- Gibraltar
- Heligoland
- Hanover
- Ionian islands
- Malta
- Menorca
- Ireland
Denmark
- Danish Estonia
- Iceland
Italy
- Albania
- Dodecanese
Norway
- Faroe Islands
- Hebrides
- Iceland
- Isle of Man
- Orkney
- Shetland
Poland
- Caffa
Russia
- Belarus
- Finland
- Estonia
- Latvia
- Lithuania
- Moldova
- Ukraine
- Poland
- USSR
- *Baltic States
- **Estonia
- **Latvia
- **Lithuania
- *Eastern Europe
- **Belarus
- **Ukraine
- **Moldova
- *Central Asia
- **Kazakhstan
- **Kyrgyzstan
- **Tajikistan
- **Turkmenistan
- **Uzbekistan
Spain
- Spanish Netherlands
- Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
- Duchy of Milan
Sweden
- Swedish Estonia
- Swedish Finland
- Swedish Ingria
- Swedish Livonia
- Swedish Pomerania