List of consorts of rulers of China
The following is a list of consorts of rulers of China. This is a list of the consorts of Chinese monarchs. China has periodically parted in kingdoms as well as united in empires, and there has been consorts with the title Queen as well as Empress. The title Empress could also be given posthumously. Note that this is a list for the main consort of the monarch and holder of the title Empress or Queen.
Empress Consorts
The title of Empress could also be given posthumously. The posthumous Empresses are listed separately by the year they were given the title.Zhou dynasty
Western Han dynasty
Xin dynasty
- AD 9–21: Empress Wang
- AD 23: Empress Shi
Eastern Han dynasty
- AD 26–41: Guo Shengtong
- 41–57: Empress Yin Lihua
- 60–75: Empress Ma
- 78–88: Empress Dou
- 96–102: Empress Yin
- 102–106: Empress Deng Sui
- 108–125: Empress Yan Ji
- 132–144: Empress Liang Na
- 147–159: Empress Liang Nüying
- 159–165: Empress Deng Mengnü
- 165–168: Empress Dou Miao
- 171–178: Empress Song
- 180–189: Empress He
- 195–214: Empress Fu Shou
- 215–220: Empress Cao Jie
Three Kingdoms period
Cao Wei
- 222–226: Empress Guo Nüwang
- 227–237: Empress Mao
- 238–239: Empress Guo
- 243–251: Empress Zhen
- 252–254: Empress Zhang
- 254: Empress Wang
- 255–260: Empress Bian
- 263–265: Empress Bian
Shu Han
- 221–223: Empress Wu
- 223–237: Empress Zhang
- 238–263: Empress Zhang
Eastern Wu
- 251–252: Empress Pan
- 252–258: Empress Quan Huijie
- 262–264: Empress Zhu
- 264–280: Empress Teng Fanglan
Jin dynasty
- 265–274: Empress Yang Yan
- 276–290: Empress Yang Zhi
- 290–300: Empress Jia Nanfeng
- 300–301, 301–304, 304, 304–305, 305, 306–307: Yang Xianrong
- 307–311: Empress Liang Lanbi
- 323–326: Empress Yu Wenjun
- 336–341: Empress Du
- 342–344: Empress Chu Suanzi
- 357–361: Empress He Fani
- 361–365: Empress Wang Muzhi
- 365–366: Empress Yu Daolian
- 375–380: Empress Wang Fahui
- 396–403, 404–412: Empress Wang Shen'ai
- 419–420: Chu Lingyuan
Huan Chu dynasty
- 403–404: Empress Liu
Sixteen Kingdoms period
Cheng Han
- 315–334: Empress Ren
- 334–338?: Empress Yan
- 338–343: Empress Yan
- 343–347: Empress Li
Former Zhao
- 304–?: Empress Huyan
- 310: Empress Dan
- 310–312: Empress Huyan
- 313: Empress Zhang
- 313–314: Empress Liu E
- 315–318: Empress Jin Yueguang
- 315–318: Left Empress Liu
- 315–318: Empress Jin Yuehua
- 316–318: Upper Empress Fan
- 318: Left Empress Wang
- 318: Middle Empress Xuan
- 318: Empress Jin
- 319–322: Empress Yang
- 325–326: Empress Liu
- 326–329: Empress Liu
Later Zhao
- 330–333: Empress Liu
- 337: Zheng Yingtao
- 337–348: Du Zhu
- 348–349: Empress Liu
- 349: Empress Zhang
Ran Wei
- 350–352: Empress Dong
Former Liang
- 324?-346: Princess Yan
- 346?-354: Princess Pei
- 354–355: Empress Xin
Later Liang
- 389–400: Princess Shi
- 400–401: Empress Yang
- 401–403: Empress Yang
Western Liang
- Princess Yin
Northern Liang
- 401–433: Princess Meng
- 433?-437: Princess Li Jingshou
- 437–439: Princess Tuoba
Southern Liang
- 408–414: Queen Zhejue
Former Qin
- 351–355: Empress Qiang
- 355: Empress Liang
- 357–385: Empress Gou
- 385–386: Empress Yang
- 387–389: Empress Mao
- 392–393: Empress Li
Later Qin
- 386–394: Empress She
- 402–?: Empress Zhang
- 412–?: Empress Qi
- 416–417: Yao Hong's empress
Western Qin
- 388–394, 394–400, 409–412: Queen Bian
- 394: Queen Fu
- 414–423: Queen Tufa
- 429–431: Queen Liang
Former Yan
- 337–348: Princess Duan
- 348?–360: Empress Kezuhun
- 369–370: Empress Kezuhun
Later Yan
- 388–396: Duan Yuanfei
- 396–398: Empress Duan
- 404–407: Fu Xunying
- 407–409: Empress Li
Northern Yan
- 409–?: Princess Sun
- 430–?: Princess Murong
Southern Yan
- 398–405: Duan Jifei
- 408–410: Empress Huyan
Xia
- 407–425: Empress Kezuhun
- 425–427: Helian Chang's empress
Northern and Southern dynasties
Liu Song
- 422–424: Empress Sima Maoying
- 424–440: Empress Yuan Qigui
- 453: Empress Yin Yuying
- 453–464: Empress Wang Xianyuan
- 465: Empress Lu
- 465–472: Empress Wang Zhenfeng
- 472–477: Empress Jiang
- 478–479: Empress Xie Fanjing
Southern Qi
- 493–494: He Jingying
- 494: Wang Shaoming
- 498–501: Chu Lingqu
- 501–502: Wang Shunhua
Northern Wei
- 400–409: Empress Murong
- 432–452: Empress Helian
- 456–465: Empress Feng
- 493–497: Empress Feng Qing
- 497–499: Empress Feng Run
- 501–507: Empress Yu
- 508–515: Empress Gao
- 5??–528: Empress Hu
- 528–530: Empress Erzhu Ying'e
- 530–531: Empress Erzhu
- 532: Empress Erzhu
- 533–534: Empress Gao
Western Wei
- 535–538: Empress Yifu
- 538–540: Empress Yujiulü
- 553–554: Empress Yuwen
- 554–556: Empress Ruogan
Eastern Wei
- 539–550: Empress Gao
Northern Qi
- 550–559: Empress Li Zu'e
- 560–561: Empress Yuan
- 561–565: Empress Hu
- 565–572: Empress Hulü
- 572–573: Empress Hu
- 572–577: Empress Mu
Liang dynasty
- 551: Empress Zhang
- 560–561: Empress Wang
Northern Zhou
- 557–557: Empress Yuan Humo
- 568–568: Empress Dugu
- 568–578: Empress Ashina
- 578–579: Yang Lihua
- 579–580: Empress Sima Lingji
Sui dynasty
- 581–602: Dugu Qieluo, empress consort of Emperor Wen
- 605–618: Empress Xiao, empress consort of Emperor Yang
Tang dynasty
- 626–636: Empress Zhangsun, empress consort of Emperor Taizong
- 650–655: Empress Wang, first empress consort of Emperor Gaozong
- 655–684: Wu Zetian, second empress consort of Emperor Gaozong, later also an empress regnant
- 684–684: Empress Wei, empress consort of Emperor Zhongzong
- 684–690: Empress Liu, empress consort of Emperor Ruizong
- 705–710: Empress Wei, empress consort of Emperor Zhongzong
- 710–710: Empress Lu, empress consort of Emperor Shang
- 712–724: Empress Wang, empress consort of Emperor Xuanzong
- 758–762: Empress Zhang, empress consort of Emperor Suzong
- 786–786: Empress Wang, empress consort of Emperor Dezong
- 898–900: Empress He, empress consort of Emperor Zhaozong
- 901–904: Empress He, empress consort of Emperor Zhaozong
;Han
- Empress Ju
;Yan
- Empress Duan
- Empress Xin
- Empress Cao
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
Qi
- 907–924: Empress Liu, empress consort of Li Maozhen
Former Shu
- 908–918: Empress Zhou, empress consort of Wang Jian
- 918–921: Empress Gao, first empress consort of Wang Zongyan
- 921–926: Empress Jin Feishan, second empress consort of Wang Yan
Yan
- 911–913: Empress Li and Empress Zhu, empress consorts of Liu Shouguang
Later Liang
- 912–913: Empress Zhang, empress consort of Zhu Yougui
Southern Han
- 919–935: Empress Ma, empress consort of Liu Yan
Later Tang
- 924–926: Empress Liu, empress consort of Li Cunxu
- 930–933: Empress Cao, empress consort of Li Siyuan
- 934–934: Empress Kong, empress consort of Li Conghou
- 934–936: Empress Liu, empress consort of Li Congke
Wu
- 933–937: Empress Wang, empress consort of Yang Pu
Min
- 935–935: Empress Chen Jinfeng, empress consort of Wang Yanjun
- 936–939: Empress Li Chunyan, empress consort of Wang Jipeng
- 942–944: Empress Li, empress consort of Wang Yanxi
Southern Tang
- 937–943: Empress Song, empress consort of Li Bian
- 943–961: Empress Zhong, empress consort of Li Jing
- 961–965: Queen Zhou the Elder, first queen consort of Li Yu
- 968–975: Queen Zhou the Younger, second queen consort of Li Yu
Later Jin
- 941–942: Empress Li, empress consort of Shi Jingtang
- 943–946: Empress Feng, empress consort of Shi Chonggui
Yin
- 943–?: Empress Zhang, empress consort of Wang Yanzheng
Later Han
- 947–948: Empress Li, empress consort of Liu Zhiyuan
Later Zhou
- 954–956: Empress Fu the Elder, first empress consort of Chai Rong
- 959–959: Empress Dowager Fu, second empress consort of Chai Rong
Northern Han
- ?–968: Empress Guo, empress consort of Liu Jun
- 968–?: Empress Ma, empress consort of Liu Jiyuan
Song dynasty
- 960–963: Empress Wang, first empress consort of Emperor Taizu
- 968–976: Empress Song, second empress consort of Emperor Taizu
- 984–997: Empress Li, empress consort of Emperor Taizong
- 997–1007: Empress Guo, first empress consort of Emperor Zhenzong
- 1012–1022: Empress Liu, second empress consort of Emperor Zhenzong and Senior regent Song dynasty
- 1024–1033: Empress Guo, first empress consort of Emperor Renzong
- 1034–1063: Empress Cao, second empress consort of Emperor Renzong
- 1065–1067: Empress Gao, empress consort of Emperor Yingzong
- 1068–1085: Empress Xiang, empress consort of Emperor Shenzong
- 1092–1096: Empress Meng, first empress consort of Emperor Zhezong
- 1099–1100: Empress Liu, second empress consort of Emperor Zhezong
- 1100–1108: Empress Wang, first empress consort of Emperor Huizong
- 1111–1126: Empress Zheng, second empress consort of Emperor Huizong
- 1126–1127: Empress Zhu, empress consort of Emperor Qinzong
- 1127–1139: Empress Xing, first empress consort of Emperor Gaozong
- 1143–1162: Empress Wu, second empress consort of Emperor Gaozong
- 1162–1167: Empress Xia, first empress consort of Emperor Xiaozong
- 1167–1189: Empress Xie, second empress consort of Emperor Xiaozong
- 1189–1194: Empress Li Fengniang, empress consort of Emperor Guangzong
- 1194–1200: Empress Han, first empress consort of Emperor Ningzong
- 1200–1224: Empress Yang, second empress consort of Emperor Ningzong
- 1227–1264: Empress Xie Daoqing, empress consort of Emperor Lizong
- 1267–1274: Empress Quan, empress consort of Emperor Duzong
Yuan dynasty
- 1260–1281: Chabi, first empress consort of Emperor Shizu
- 1283–1294: Nambui, second empress consort of Emperor Shizu
- 1295–1307: Bulugan, empress consort of Emperor Chengzong
- 1310–1311: Zhenge, empress consort of Emperor Wuzong
- 1313–1320: Radnashiri, empress consort of Emperor Renzong
- 1321–1323: Sugabala, empress consort of Emperor Yingzong
- 1324–1328: Babukhan Khatun, empress consort of Emperor Taiding
- 1328–1329: Budashiri, empress consort of Emperor Wenzong
- 1329–1329: Babusha, empress consort of Emperor Mingzong
- 1329–1332: Budashiri, empress consort of Emperor Wenzong
- 1332–1332: Daliyetemishi, empress consort of Emperor Ningzong
- 1333–1335: Danashri, first empress consort of Emperor Huizong
- 1337–1365: Bayan Khutugh, second empress consort of Emperor Huizong
- 1340–1370: Empress Gi, third empress consort of Emperor Huizong
Ming dynasty
- 1368–1382: Empress Ma, empress consort of the Hongwu Emperor
- 1399–1402: Empress Ma, empress consort of the Jianwen Emperor
- 1402–1407: Empress Xu, empress consort of the Yongle Emperor
- 1424–1425: Empress Zhang, empress consort of the Hongxi Emperor
- 1425–1428: Empress Hu Shanxiang, first empress consort of the Xuande Emperor
- 1428–1435: Empress Sun, second empress consort of the Xuande Emperor
- 1442–1449: Empress Qian, empress consort of the Zhengtong Emperor
- 1449–1452: Empress Wang, first empress consort of the Jingtai Emperor
- 1452–1456: Empress Hang, second empress consort of the Jingtai Emperor
- 1457–1464: Empress Qian, empress consort of the Tianshun Emperor
- 1464–1464: Empress Wu, first empress consort of the Chenghua Emperor
- 1464–1487: Empress Wang, second empress consort of the Chenghua Emperor
- 1487–1505: Empress Zhang, empress consort of the Hongzhi Emperor
- 1506–1521: Empress Xia, empress consort of the Zhengde Emperor
- 1522–1528: Empress Chen, first empress consort of the Jiajing Emperor
- 1528–1534: Empress Zhang, second empress consort of the Jiajing Emperor
- 1534–1547: Empress Fang, third empress consort of the Jiajing Emperor
- 1566–1572: Empress Chen, empress consort of the Longqing Emperor
- 1578–1620: Empress Wang Xijie, empress consort of the Wanli Emperor
- 1621–1627: Empress Zhang Baozhu, empress consort of the Tianqi Emperor
- 1628–1644: Empress Zhou, empress consort of the Chongzhen Emperor
Southern Ming dynasty
- 1645–1646: Empress Zeng, empress consort of the Longwu Emperor
- 1646–1662: Empress Wang, empress consort of the Yongli Emperor
Qing dynasty
- 1651–1653: Borjigit, Demoted Empress, first empress consort of the Shunzhi Emperor
- 1654–1661: Empress Xiaohuizhang, second empress consort of the Shunzhi Emperor
- 1665–1674: Empress Xiaochengren, first empress consort of the Kangxi Emperor
- 1677–1678: Empress Xiaozhaoren, second empress consort of the Kangxi Emperor
- 1689: Empress Xiaoyiren, third empress consort of the Kangxi Emperor
- 1723–1731: Empress Xiaojingxian, empress consort of the Yongzheng Emperor
- 1738–1748: Empress Xiaoxianchun, first empress consort of the Qianlong Emperor
- 1750–1766: Ulanara, the Step Empress, second empress consort of the Qianlong Emperor
- 1796–1797: Empress Xiaoshurui, first empress consort of the Jiaqing Emperor
- 1801–1820: Empress Xiaoherui, second empress consort of the Jiaqing Emperor
- 1822–1833: Empress Xiaoshencheng, first empress consort of the Daoguang Emperor
- 1834–1840: Empress Xiaoquancheng, second empress consort of the Daoguang Emperor
- 1852–1861: Empress Xiaozhenxian, empress consort of the Xianfeng Emperor
- 1872–1875: Empress Xiaozheyi, empress consort of the Tongzhi Emperor
- 1889–1908: Empress Xiaodingjing, empress consort of the Guangxu Emperor
- 1924–1946: Empress Xiaokemin, empress consort of Puyi
Empress Dowagers
Han dynasty
- Empress Dowager Lü
- Empress Dowager Bo
- Empress Dowager Dou
- Empress Dowager Wang
- Empress Dowager Shangguan
- Empress Dowager Wang
- Empress Dowager Wang
- Empress Dowager Zhao
- Grand Empress Dowager Fu
- Empress Dowager Ding
- Empress Dowager Wang
- Empress Dowager Yin
- Empress Dowager Ma
- Empress Dowager Dou
- Empress Dowager Deng
- Empress Dowager Yan
- Empress Dowager Liang
- Empress Dowager Dou
- Empress Dowager He
Northern Dynasties
Northern Wei
- Princess Dowager Helan
- Empress Dowager Helian
- Nurse empress dowager
- Empress Dowager Feng
- Empress Dowager Gao
- Empress Dowager Hu
Tang dynasty
- 683–690: Empress Dowager Wu
- 710: Empress Dowager Wei
- 805–816: Empress Dowager Wang
- 820–848: Empress Dowager Guo
- 824–845: Empress Dowager Wang
- 826–847: Empress Dowager Xiao
- 846–865: Empress Dowager Zheng
- 904–906: Empress Dowager He
Song dynasty
- Empress Dowager Du
- Empress Dowager Li
- Empress Dowager Liu
- Empress Dowager Yang
- Empress Dowager Cao
- Empress Dowager Gao
- Empress Dowager Xiang
- Empress Dowager Meng
- Empress Dowager Liu
- Empress Dowager Zheng
- Empress Dowager Wei
- Empress Dowager Wu
- Empress Dowager Xie
- Empress Dowager Li
- Empress Dowager Yang
- Empress Dowager Xie
- Empress Dowager Quan
- Empress Dowager Yang
Yuan dynasty
- Empress Dowager Khongirad
- Empress Dowager Naimans
- Empress Dowager Oirats
- Empress Dowager Khongirad
- Empress Dowager Khongirad
- Empress Dowager Khongirad
- Empress Dowager Khongirad
- Empress Dowager Khongirad
Ming dynasty
- Empress Dowager Lü
- Empress Dowager Zhang
- Empress Dowager Hu
- Empress Dowager Sun
- Empress Dowager Wu
- Empress Dowager Qian
- Empress Dowager Zhou
- Empress Dowager Wang
- Empress Dowager Zhang
- Empress Dowager Shao
- Empress Dowager Jiang
- Empress Dowager Chen
- Empress Dowager Li
- Empress Dowager Zou
- Empress Dowager Ma
- Empress Dowager Wang
Qing dynasty
- 1643–1649: Empress Xiaoduanwen
- 1643–1688: Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang
- 1661–1663: Empress Xiaokangzhang
- 1661–1718: Empress Xiaohuizhang
- 1722–1723: Empress Xiaogongren
- 1735–1777: Empress Xiaoshengxian
- 1820–1850: Empress Xiaoherui
- 1855: Empress Xiaojingcheng
- 1861–1881: Empress Dowager Ci'an
- 1861–1908: Empress Dowager Cixi
- 1908–1913: Empress Dowager Longyu
Empresses whose titles were granted posthumously
Sui dynasty
- 581: Empress Lü Gutao, mother of Emperor Wen of Sui
Song dynasty
- 961: Empress Dowager Du, mother of Emperor Taizu and Emperor Taizong
- 960: Empress He, married to Emperor Taizu
- 976: Empress Yin, married to Emperor Taizong
- 976: Empress Fu, married to Emperor Taizong
- 997: Empress Li, mother of Emperor Zhenzong
- 997: Princess Pan, married to Emperor Zhenzong
- 1033: Consort Li, mother of Emperor Renzong
- 1036: Empress Yang, married to Emperor Zhenzong
- 1054: Empress Zhang, married to Emperor Renzong
- 1101: Empress Chen, mother of Emperor Huizong
- 1102: Empress Zhu, mother of Emperor Zhezong
- 1113: Empress Mingda, married to Emperor Huizong
- 1121: Empress Mingzhe, married to Emperor Huizong
- 1159: Empress Xianren, mother of Emperor Gaozong
- 1162: Empress Chengmu, married to Emperor Xiaozong
Yuan dynasty
- 1336: Mailaiti, mother of Emperor Huizong
Ming dynasty and Southern Ming dynasty
- 1504: Empress Xiaosu, mother of the Chenghua Emperor
- 1566: Empress Xiaoke, mother of the Longqing Emperor
- 1566: Empress Xiaoyizhuan, married to the Longqing Emperor
- 1614: Empress Xiaoding, mother of the Wanli Emperor
- 1620: Empress Xiaojing, mother of the Taichang Emperor
- 1644: Empress Xiaozhejian
- 1644: Empress Xiaoyi
- 1644: Empress Xiaoxu
Qing dynasty
- 1626: Empress Xiaoliewu, married to Nurhaci
- 1636: Empress Xiaocigao, mother of Hong Taiji
- 1660: Consort Donggo, married to the Shunzhi Emperor
- 1663: Empress Xiaokangzhang, mother of the Kangxi Emperor
- 1723: Empress Xiaogongren, mother of the Yongzheng Emperor
- 1777: Empress Xiaoshengxian, mother of the Qianlong Emperor
- 1796: Empress Xiaoyichun, mother of the Jiaqing Emperor
- 1820: Empress Xiaomucheng, married to the Daoguang Emperor
- 1850: Empress Xiaodexian, married to the Xianfeng Emperor
- 1855: Empress Xiaojingcheng, married to the Daoguang Emperor