List of colonial governors of the Dutch Gold Coast
This article lists the colonial governors of the Dutch Gold Coast. During the Dutch presence on the Gold Coast, which lasted from 1598 to 1872, the title of the head of the colonial government changed several times:
- 1675–1798: Director-General
- 1798–1810: Governor-General
- 1810–1815: Commandant-General
- 1815–1819: Governor-General
- 1819–1838: Commander
- 1838–1872: Governor
List
Direct Dutch rule (1612–1621)
Before the establishment of the Dutch West India Company on 3 June 1621, Dutch traders nominally were at the direct control of the Dutch government. Initially, the regulation of trade was left to the traders themselves, but after the building of Fort Nassau at Mouri in 1612, a general was installed to administrate the new colony.Name | Title | Took Office | Left Office | Notes |
Jacob Adriaensz Clantius | General of the Coast | 1612 | 1614 | |
A.J. Roest | General of the Coast | 1614 | ? | |
Arent Jacobzen van Amersfoort | General of the Coast | ? | ? |
Dutch West India Company rule (1621–1791)
There are many lists available of Director-Generals of the Gold Coast in service of the Dutch West India Company, all with slightly conflicting names and dates. The most accurate information is available for the eighteenth century, as Harvey Feinberg compiled a list of Director-Generals of that century on the basis of day registries available at the Nationaal Archief.Name | Title | Took Office | Left Office | Notes |
Adriaen Jacobzoon | Director-General | 1624 | 1629 | Based at Fort Nassau, Mouri |
Nikolaas van Ypren | Director-General | 1629 | 18 July 1639 | Based at Fort George, Elmina, from 1637 |
Arend Jacobszoon Montfort | Director-General | 18 July 1639 | 6 January 1641 | |
Jacob Ruyghaver | Director-General | 6 January 1641 | 18 December 1645 | 1st term |
Jacob van der Well | Director-General | 18 December 1645 | 9 April 1650 | |
Hendrik Doedens | Director-General | 9 April 1650 | 11 June 1650 | |
Arent Cocq | Governor | 11 June 1650 | 15 March 1651 | |
Jacob Ruyghaver | Director-General | 15 March 1651 | 24 January 1656 | 2nd term |
Johannes van Valkenburgh | Director-General | 24 January 1656 | 27 April 1659 | 1st term |
Casper van Heussen | Director-General | 27 April 1659 | 7 April 1662 | |
Dirck Wilré | Director-General | 7 April 1662 | 23 December 1662 | 1st term |
Johannes van Valkenburgh | Director-General | 23 December 1662 | 2 June 1667 | 2nd term |
Huybert van Ongerdonk | Governor | 2 June 1667 | 12 December 1668 | |
Dirck Wilré | Director-General | 12 December 1668 | 12 June 1675 | 2nd term |
Johan Root | Director-General | 12 June 1675 | 13 September 1676 | |
Abraham Meermans | Director-General | 13 September 1676 | 26 March 1680 | |
Daniël Verhoutert | Director-General | 26 March 1680 | 1 August 1683 | |
Thomas Ernsthuis | Director-General | 1 August 1683 | 15 July 1685 | |
Nikolas de Sweerts | Director-General | 15 July 1685 | 29 January 1690 | |
Joël Smits | Director-General | 29 January 1690 | 25 March 1664 | |
Jan Staphorst | Director-General | 25 March 1694 | 9 June 1696 | |
Joan van Sevenhuijsen | Director-General | 9 June 1696 | 16 May 1702 | |
Willem de la Palma | Director-General | 16 May 1702 | 17 October 1705 | Died in office |
Pieter Nuyts | Director-General | 23 October 1705 | 26 September 1708 | Died in office |
Henrico van Wesel | Governor | 26 September 1708 | 13 July 1709 | |
Adriaan Schoonheijd | Director-General | 13 July 1709 | 15 March 1711 | Died in office |
Hieronimus Haring | Director-General | 16 March 1711 | 12 May 1716 | |
Abraham Engelgraaf-Robbertszoon | Director-General | 12 May 1716 | 11 March 1718 | |
Willem Butler | Director-General | 12 March 1718 | 25 September 1722 | |
Abraham Houtman | Director-General | 25 September 1722 | 17 May 1723 | Died in office |
Mattheus de Crane | Governor | 17 May 1723 | 14 December 1723 | |
Pieter Valkenier | Director-General | 14 December 1723 | 6-7 March 1727 | |
Robert Norre | Director-General | 7 March 1727 | 6 March 1730 | |
Jan Pranger | Director-General | 6 March 1730 | 13 March 1734 | |
Antonius van Overbeke | Director-General | 13 March 1734 | 2 April 1736 | Died in office |
Martinus François de Bordes | Director-General | 7 April 1736 | 16 March 1740 | Died in office |
François Barovius | Governor | 17 March 1740 | 8 March 1741 | |
Baron Jacob de Petersen | Director-General | 8 March 1741 | 10-12 April 1747 | |
Jan van Voorst | Director-General | 10-12 April 1747 | 14 July 1754 | |
Nicolas Mattheus van der Nood de Gietere | Director-General | 14 July 1754 | 24 October 1755 | Died in office |
Roelof Ulzen | Governor | 24 October 1755 | 15 January 1758 | |
Lambert Jacob van Tets | Director-General | 15 January 1758 | 12 March 1758 | Died in office |
Jan Pieter Theodoor Huydecoper | President of the Council | 22 March 1758 | 5 October 1760 | 1st Term |
David Pieter Erasmie | Director-General | 5 October 1760 | 19 July 1763 | Died in office |
Hendrick Walmbeek | Governor | 24 July 1763 | 10 September 1764 | |
Jan Pieter Theodoor Huydecoper | Director-General | 10 September 1764 | 11 July 1767 | 2nd Term; died in office |
Willem Sulyard van Leefdael and Cornelis Klok | President of the Council | 11 July 1767 | 27 August 1767 | Both acting ad interim until Woortman arrived at Elmina |
Pieter Woortman | Director-General | 27 August 1767 | 14 April 1780 | Died in office |
Jacobus van der Puije | President of the Council | 10 May 1780 | 30 December 1780 | |
Pieter Volkmar | Director-General | 30 December 1780 | 12 March 1784 | |
Gilles Servaas Galle | President of the Council | 15 March 1784 | 14 February 1785 | 1st Term |
Adolph Thierens | Director-General | 14 February 1785 | 26 May 1786 | Died in office |
Gilles Servaas Galle | President of the Council | 2 June 1786 | 24 August 1787 | 2nd Term; died in office |
Lieve van Bergen van der Grijp | President of the Council | 27 August 1787 | 11-14 March 1790 | 1st Term |
Jacobus Adriaan de Veer | Director-General | 11-14 March 1790 | 31 December 1791 | Dutch West India Company liquidated 31 December 1791 |
Direct Dutch rule (1792–1872)
The Dutch West India Company was dissolved in 1791, and its colonies reverted to the rule of the States-General of the Dutch Republic on 1 January 1792. The last Director-General installed by the Dutch West India Company, Jacobus de Veer, became the first Director-General under the direct authority of the Dutch Republic. The Dutch Republic was succeeded by the Batavian Republic and the Kingdom of Holland, which all inherited the rule over the colony.Although the Kingdom of Holland was incorporated into the First French Empire, the colony on the Gold Coast was never occupied by either France or Great-Britain. Dutch rule continued under the Kingdom of the Netherlands proclaimed in 1815, until the cession of the possessions on the Gold Coast to the United Kingdom in 1872.