List of battles by casualties

The following is a list of the casualties count in battles in world history. The list includes both sieges and civilian casualties during the battles. Large battle casualty counts are almost impossible to calculate precisely. Many of these figures are estimates, and, where possible, a range of estimates is presented. Figures display numbers of all types of casualties when available but may only include number killed. Where possible, the list specifies whether or not prisoners are included in the count. This list does not include bombing runs or massacres such as the Rape of Nanking, which, despite potentially massive casualties, are not typically classified as "battles", since they are usually one-sided engagements or the nation attacked is not officially at war with the attackers. Tactical or strategic strikes, however, may form part of larger engagements which are themselves battles.

Classical formation battles

These refer to battles in which armies met on a single field of battle and fought each other for anywhere from one to several days. Military formations lost their impact and the use of this type of battle died out in favor of grander military operations.

Battle	Year	Conflict	Casualties
Battle of Thymbra	! 547 BC	Lydian–Persian War	100,000
Battle of Marathon	! 490 BC	Greco-Persian Wars	5,000–8,000
Battle of Thermopylae	! 480 BC	Greco-Persian Wars	22,300–22,500
Battle of Plataea	! 479 BC	Greco-Persian War	51,500–257,000
Battle of Chaeronea	! 338 BC	Rise of Macedon	1,000-4,000
Battle of the Granicus	! 334 BC	Wars of Alexander the Great	Around 7,000
Battle of Issus	! 333 BC	Wars of Alexander the Great	20,000-40,000
Battle of Gaugamela	! 331 BC	Wars of Alexander the Great	53,500
Battle of the Hydaspes	! 326 BC	Wars of Alexander the Great	23,310
Battle of Sentinum	! 295 BC	Third Samnite War	69,420
Battle of Heraclea	! 280 BC	Pyrrhic War	11,000–26,000
Battle of Kalinga	! 262 BC	Kalinga-Maurya Empire	150,000–200,000
Battle of Changping	! 260 BC	Qin's wars of unification	700,000
Battle of the Trebia	! 218 BC	Second Punic War	35,000
Battle of Lake Trasimene	! 217 BC	Second Punic War	30,000
Battle of Cannae	! 216 BC	Second Punic War	56,000–92,000 or more
Battle of the Metaurus	! 207 BC	Second Punic War	12,000
Battle of Zama	! 202 BC	Second Punic War	21,500
Battle of Magnesia	! 190 BC	Roman–Seleucid War	53,350
Battle of Pydna	! 168 BC	Third Macedonian War	21,000
Battle of Arausio	! 105 BC	Germanic Wars	84,000
Battle of Carrhae	! 53 BC	Roman–Persian Wars	24,000
Siege of Alesia	! 52 BC	Gallic Wars	100,000–150,000
Battle of Pharsalus	! 48 BC	Caesar's Civil War	17,000
Battle of Philippi	! 42 BC	Liberators' civil war	24,000
Battle of Actium	! 31 BC	Final War of the Roman Republic	7,500 or more
Battle of the Teutoburg Forest	! #0009 AD	Roman–Germanic wars	20,000
Battle of Watling Street	! #0061 AD	Iceni Revolt	80,400
Battle of Mons Graupius	! #0084 AD	Roman conquest of Britain	10,360
Battle of Red Cliffs	#0208	Three Kingdoms	100,000
Battle of Edessa	#0260	Roman–Persian Wars	50,000 or more
Battle of Adrianople	#0378	Gothic War	40,000 or more
Battle of Fei River	#0383	Wu Hu Era	150,000 or more
Battle of the Catalaunian Plains	#0451	Hunnic Invasion	165,000
Battle of Salsu	#0612	Goguryeo–Sui War	302,300
Battle of al-Qadisiyyah	#0636	Muslim conquest of Persia	31,000
Battle of Muzayyah	#0633	Muslim conquest of Persia	10,000
Battle of Ullais	#0633	Muslim conquest of Persia	35,000
Battle of River	#0633	Muslim conquest of Persia	More than 15,000
Battle of Walaja	#0636	Muslim conquest of Persia	22,000
Battle of Nahavand	#0642	Muslim conquest of Persia	28,500
Battle of Yarmouk	#0636	Muslim conquest of the Levant	70,000
Battle of Gwiju	#1019	Third conflict in the Goryeo–Khitan War	90,000+.
Battle of Nhu Nguyet river	#01077	Lý–Song War	150,000
Battle of Didgori	#1121	Georgian–Seljuk wars	210,000
Battle of Hattin	#1187	Ayyubid–Crusader War	17,000–20,000
Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa	#1212	Reconquista	60,000
Battle of Yehuling	#1212	Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty	Around 50,000
Battle of the Kalka River	#1223	Mongol invasion of Rus'	Around 50,000
Battle of Legnica	#1241	Mongol invasion of Poland	30,000
Battle of Mohi	#1241	Mongol invasion of Europe	15,000
Third battle of Bach Dang river	#1288	Mongol invasion of Vietnam	85,000
Battle of Jaran Manjur	#1298	Mongol invasions of India	Over 20,000
Battle of Yamen	#1279	Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty	100,000
Battle of Bannockburn	#1314	First War of Scottish Independence	19,000
Battle of Kulikovo	#1380	List of Mongol and Tatar raids against Rus'	136,000
Battle of the Terek River	#1395	Tokhtamysh–Timur war	100,000
Conquest of Delhi	#1398	Timur's Indian campaign	100,000
Battle of Ankara	#1402	Ottoman–Timur War	15,000 or more
Battle of Grunwald	#1410	Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War	13,000
Battle of Agincourt	#1415	Hundred Years' War	14,000
Battle of Tốt Động – Chúc Động	#1426	Lam Sơn uprising	30,000
Tumu Crisis	#1449	Ming–Mongol War	200,000 or more
Battle of Towton	#1461	Wars of the Roses	28,000
Night Attack at Târgoviște	#1462	Wallachian-Ottoman Wars	20,000
Battle of Vaslui	#1475	Moldavian-Ottoman Wars	40,000 or more
Battle of Valea Albă	#1476	Moldavian–Ottoman Wars	30,000 or more
Battle of Kabul	#1504	Campaigns of Babur	20,000 or more
Battle of Ravenna	#1512	War of the League of Cambrai	13,500
Battle of Marignano	#1515	War of the League of Cambrai	11,000–15,000
Battle of Ridaniya	#1517	Ottoman wars in the Near East	13,000
First Battle of Panipat	#1526	Mughal Conquest	20,000–50,000
Battle of Mohács	#1526	Ottoman–Hungarian wars	Probably 30,000
Battle of Ghaghra	#1529	Mughal Conquest	13,000
Battle of Lepanto	#1571	Ottoman–Venetian wars	22,566–27,566
Battle of Molodi	#1572	Russo-Crimean Wars	29,000–33,000 or 100 000
Battle of Chungju	#1592	Japanese invasions of Korea	8,000–16,000 100,000
Battle of Călugăreni	#1595	Long War	11,000–16,000
Battle of Sacheon	#1598	Japanese invasions of Korea	30,000
Battle of Sekigahara	#1600	Sengoku period	60,000 or less
First Battle of Breitenfeld	#1631	Thirty Years' War	20,000 or more
Battle of Lützen	#1632	Thirty Years' War	11,000–14,000
Battle of Nördlingen	#1634	Thirty Years' War	17,000
Battle of the Downs	#1639	Eighty Years' War	15,000 or more
Second Battle of Breitenfeld	#1642	Thirty Years' War	14,000
Battle of Jankau	#1645	Thirty Years' War	15,500
Battle of Berestechko	#1651	Khmelnytsky Uprising	30,000–40,000
Battle of Samugarh	#1658	Mughal Conquest	32,000
Battle of Khajwa	#1659	Mughal Conquest	20,000
Battle of Lund	#1676	Scanian War	14,000
Battle of Vienna	#1683	Ottoman–Habsburg wars	19,500
Battle of Bijapur	#1686	Mughal Conquest	17,000
Battle of Landen	#1693	War of the Grand Alliance	28,000
Battle of Zenta	#1697	Ottoman–Habsburg wars	30,300
Battle of Jinji	#1698	Mughal Conquest	16,000
Battle of Blenheim	#1704	War of the Spanish Succession	32,000
Battle of Fraustadt	#1706	Great Northern War	16,500
Battle of Ramillies	#1706	War of the Spanish Succession	15,600
Battle of Poltava	#1709	Great Northern War	14,300
Battle of Malplaquet	#1709	War of the Spanish Succession	95,000
Battle of Fontenoy	#1745	War of the Austrian Succession	14,000
Battle of Leuthen	#1757	Seven Years' War	11,800
Battle of Zorndorf	#1758	Seven Years' War	30,000
Battle of Kunersdorf	#1759	Seven Years' War	35,000
Third Battle of Panipat	#1761	Marathas and Afghans	150,000-200,000
Battle of Kagul	#1770	Russo-Turkish War	21,000
Battle of Rạch Gầm-Xoài Mút	#1785	Siamese-Vietnamese Wars	50,000
Battle of Rymnik	#1789	Russo-Turkish War	21,000
Battle of Arcole	#1796	War of the First Coalition	11,000
Battle of Trebbia	#1799	War of the Second Coalition	17,000–23,000
Battle of Novi	#1799	War of the Second Coalition	19,500
Battle of Marengo	#1800	War of the Second Coalition	16,400
Ulm Campaign	#1805	War of the Third Coalition	62,000
Battle of Austerlitz	#1805	War of the Third Coalition	45,300
Battle of Jena–Auerstedt	#1806	War of the Fourth Coalition	52,000 including prisoners later killed
Battle of Eylau	#1807	War of the Fourth Coalition	40,000
Battle of Wagram	#1809	War of the Fifth Coalition	77,000–79,000
Battle of Talavera	#1809	Peninsular War	13,900
Battle of the Danube	#1811	Russo-Turkish War	20,000
Battle of Salamanca	#1812	Peninsular War	18,800
Battle of Borodino	#1812	French invasion of Russia	74,000
Battle of Berezina	#1812	French invasion of Russia	60,000
Battle of Vitoria	#1813	Peninsular War	13,000
Battle of Leipzig	#1813	War of the Sixth Coalition	124,000
Battle of Dresden	#1813	War of the Sixth Coalition	48,000
Battle of Ligny	#1815	Hundred Days	28,000
Battle of Waterloo	#1815	Hundred Days	47,000 or more
Battle of Inkerman	#1854	Crimean War	15,857
Battle of Shiloh	#1862	American Civil War	24,000
Battle of Antietam	#1862	American Civil War	23,000–26,193
Battle of Fredericksburg	#1862	American Civil War	17,300–17,962
Battle of Gettysburg	#1863	American Civil War	51,000
Battle of Chickamauga	#1863	American Civil War	34,000
Battle of Spotsylvania Court House	#1864	American Civil War	30,000
Battle of Stones River	#1862–63	American Civil War	24,000
Battle of Königgrätz	#1866	Austro-Prussian War	47,500
Battle of Tuyutí	#1866	Paraguayan War	7,000–16,000
Battle of Mars-la-Tour/Battle of Gravelotte	#1870	Franco-Prussian War	34,000
Battle of Sedan	#1870	Franco-Prussian War	26,000
Battle of Adwa	#1896	First Italo-Ethiopian War	17,300
Battle of Binakayan-Dalahican	#1896	Philippine Revolutionary War	2,000–15,000
Battle of Omdurman	#1898	Mahdist War	20,430
Battle of Sakarya	#1921	Greco–Turkish War of 1919–22	61,000

Sieges and urban combat

This list includes sieges, as well as modern battles that were fought primarily in urban areas. Major military operations that included city fighting are listed [|below]. The battles included here inflicted at least 50,000 casualties.

Siege	Year	Conflict	Casualties	Casualties
Siege of Alesia	52 BC	Gallic Wars	200,000	100,000
Siege of Constantinople	717–18	Arab–Byzantine wars	170,000	130,000
Siege of Yongzhou	1076	Lý-Song War	140,000	78,000
Siege of Baghdad	1258	Mongol invasions and conquests	2,000,000	100,000
Siege of Tenochtitlan	1521	Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire	240,000	100,000
Siege of Rhodes	1522	Ottoman wars in Europe	55,200	55,200
Siege of Chittorgarh	1567–1568	Mughal-Rajput Wars	35,000	40,000
Siege of Ostend	1601–04	Eighty Years' War	115,000	90,000
Second Siege of Zaragoza	1808–09	Peninsular War	64,000	64,000
First Siege of Sevastopol	1854–55	Crimean War	230,000	230,000
Third Battle of Nanking	1863	Taiping Rebellion	100,000	100,000
Siege of Petersburg	1864–65	American Civil War	70,000	70,000
Battle of Gettysburg	1863	American Civil War	50,000	50,000
Siege of Plevna	1877	Russo-Turkish War	75,000	75,000
Siege of Port Arthur	1904–05	Russo-Japanese War	100,000	100,000
Siege of Adrianople	1912–13	First Balkan War	93,282	93,282
Battle of Taiyuan	1937	World War II	130,000	130,000
Battle of Xinkou	1937	World War II	200,000	200,000
Battle of Shanghai	1937	World War II	400,000	400,000
Battle of Wuhan	1938	World War II	540,000	540,000
First Battle of Changsha	1939	World War II	80,000+	80,000+
Battle of Nanchang	1939	World War II	75,328	75,328
Battle of Dunkirk	1940	World War II	88,000	88,000
Battle of South Shanxi	1941	World War II	120,000+	120,000+
Siege of Odessa	1941	World War II	133,813	133,813
Battle of Kiev	1941	World War II	700,544	700,544
Second Siege of Sevastopol	1941–42	World War II	236,437	236,437
Third Battle of Changsha	1942	World War II	84,862	84,862
Battle of Stalingrad	1942–43	World War II	2,500,620	1,250,000
Battle of Changde	1943	World War II	100,000	100,000
Battle of West Hubei	1943	World War II	115,830	115,830
Siege of Leningrad	1941–44	World War II	5,500,000	1,117,000
Warsaw Uprising	1944	World War II	200,000+	200,000+
Siege of Budapest	1944–45	World War II	422,000	422,000
Battle of Berlin	1945	World War II	1,298,745	1,298,745
Battle of Okinawa	1945	World War II	82,000	82,000
Battle of Manila	1945	World War II	500,000	100,000
Battle of the Bulge	1944–45	World War II	218,900	161,370
Siege of Changchun	1948	Chinese Civil War	425,000	425,000
Siege of Basra	1987	Iran-Iraq War	85,000	85,000

Major operations

This list includes major operations and prolonged battles or operations fought over a large area or for a long time. The duration of some operations, like the Battle of Moscow, are disputed so numbers found in various sources may differ for that reason alone.

Operation	Year	Conflict	Casualties
Ulm Campaign	#1805	War of the Third Coalition	62,000
French invasion of Russia	#1812	Napoleonic Wars	920,000-1,040,000
Six Days' Campaign	#1814	War of the Sixth Coalition	80,000
Peninsula Campaign	#1862	American Civil War	36,463
Battle of Chancellorsville	#1863	American Civil War	30,000–30,500
Overland Campaign	#1864	American Civil War	87,000–92,000
Appomattox Campaign	#1865	American Civil War	16,500
Battle of Mukden	#1905	Russo-Japanese War	160,000
Battle of Lule Burgas	#1912	First Balkan War	42,162+
First Battle of Çatalca	#1912	First Balkan War	22,000
Battle of Bregalnica	#1913	Second Balkan War	36,620
Serbian Campaign	#1914	World War I	437,361, including prisoners
Battle of the Frontiers	#1914	World War I	664,191
Battle of Tannenberg	#1914	World War I	145,000–160,000
Battle of Galicia	#1914	World War I	645,000–700,000
First Battle of the Marne	#1914	World War I	513,000
First Battle of Ypres	#1914	World War I	210,000
Battle of Łódź	#1914	World War I	130,000
First Battle of Champagne	#1914-15	World War I	139,532
Battle of Sarikamish	#1914-15	World War I	60,000—85,000
Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes	#1915	World War I	216,200
Second Battle of Ypres	#1915	World War I	104,208–107,000
Gallipoli Campaign	#1915	World War I	503,000–552,000
Second Battle of Artois	#1915	World War I	186,000
Second Battle of Champagne–Third Battle of Artois	#1915	World War I	75,000–440,000
Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive	#1915	World War I	300,000–1,087,000
Great Retreat	#1915	World War I	1,943,800+
Serbian Campaign	#1915	World War I	331,000, including prisoners
Erzurum Offensive	#1916	World War I	80,000—85,000
Battle of Verdun	#1916	World War I	755,000–976,000
Battle of Asiago	#1916	World War I	250,000
Brusilov Offensive	#1916	World War I	1,600,000
Battle of the Somme	#1916	World War I	1,120,000–1,215,000
Monastir Offensive	#1916	World War I	111,000
Romanian Campaign	#1916–17	World War I	240,000 - 933,000, including prisoners
Nivelle Offensive	#1917	World War I	354,000
Second Battle of the Aisne	#1917	World War I	350,000-463,000
Battle of Arras	#1917	World War I	278,000-288,000
Battle of Messines	#1917	World War I	42,000
Tenth Battle of the Isonzo	#1917	World War I	200,000
Third Battle of Ypres	#1917	World War I	Over 585,000
Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo	#1917	World War I	273,000
Battle of Caporetto	#1917	World War I	60,000
Battle of Cambrai	#1917	World War I	95,000
Spring Offensive	#1918	World War I	1,539,000
Operation Michael	#1918	World War I	494,616
Battle of the Lys	#1918	World War I	204,300-228,340
Third Battle of the Aisne	#1918	World War I	257,000
Second Battle of the Piave River	#1918	World War I	131,494 killed and wounded, 73,729 prisoners
Second Battle of the Marne	#1918	World War I	288,000
Hundred Days Offensive	#1918	World War I	2,240,000
Meuse–Argonne offensive	#1918	World War I	318,000
Battle of Warsaw	#1920	Polish–Soviet War	About 130,000, not including prisoners
Invasion of Manchuria	#1931	Second Sino-Japanese War	35,000
Battle of Guadalajara	#1937	Spanish Civil War	12,000
Battle of Teruel	#1937–38	Spanish Civil War	110,000, including prisoners
Battle of the Ebro	#1938	Spanish Civil War	106,500
Battle of Xuzhou	#1938	World War II	130,000
1938 Yellow River Flood	#1938	World War II	800,000
Battles of Khalkhin Gol	#1939	Soviet–Japanese border conflicts	42,000—75,000
Invasion of Poland	#1939	World War II	310,000
Battle of Suixian–Zaoyang	#1939	World War II	49,000
Winter Offensive	#1939–40	World War II	100,000+
Operation Weserübung	#1940	World War II	12,800
Battle of France	#1940	World War II	469,000
Hundred Regiments Offensive	#1940	Second Sino-Japanese War	62,900
Battle of Keren	#1941	World War II	34,000 including over 12,600 killed
Battle of Greece	#1941	World War II	46,295 dead
Battle of Shanggao	#1941	World War II	42,000
Battle of Crete	#1941	World War II	16,007 dead
Operation Barbarossa	#1941	World War II	5,000,000–6,000,000
Battle of Białystok–Minsk	#1941	World War II	429,886 including prisoners
Battle of Smolensk	#1941	World War II	595,606 killed, captured, and missing; 300,000 Soviet prisoners
Battle of Moscow	#1941	World War II	1,000,000
Battle of Hong Kong	#1941	World War II	18,000 including prisoners
Battle of Malaya/Battle of Singapore	#1941–42	World War II	143,800, and 60,000 prisoners
Battle of Bataan/Battle of Corregidor	#1942	World War II	30,000 killed
Battle of the Kerch Peninsula	#1942	World War II	Over 176,000
Second Battle of Kharkov	#1942	World War II	300,000
Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign	#1942	World War II	356,000
Battle of Gazala	#1942	World War II	148,000
Case Blue	#1942	World War II	1,400,000
Battle of Voronezh	#1942	World War II	662,847 including prisoners
Guadalcanal Campaign	#1942–43	World War II	29,100–31,100
Battles of Rzhev	#1942-1943	World War II	2,900,000–3,080,000
Second Battle of El Alamein	#1942	World War II	39,400–82,500
Operation Iskra	#1943	World War II	129,332
Battle of Kursk	#1943	World War II	257,125–388,000
Allied invasion of Sicily	#1943	World War II	At least 36,000 killed, and over 100,000 Italian POWs
Battle of Smolensk	#1943	World War II	522,059
Dnieper Campaign	#1943	World War II	1,582,000 – 2,480,000
Allied invasion of Italy	#1943	World War II	17,092 killed
Bougainville Campaign	#1943–45	World War II	21,929 killed, and 23,571 Japanese prisoners
Dnieper–Carpathian Offensive	#1943–44	World War II	1,442,956
Leningrad–Novgorod Offensive	#1944	World War II	385,604
Battle of Monte Cassino	#1944	World War II	185,000
Battle of Narva	#1944	World War II	550,000 all causes
Operation Shingle	#1944	World War II	52,200 killed
First Jassy–Kishinev Offensive	#1944	World War II	195,000
Ichi-Go	#1944	World War II	1,300,000+
Battle of Normandy	#1944	World War II	650,600–795,400
Battle of Saipan	#1944	World War II	43,500 killed, including mass suicides
Operation Bagration	#1944	World War II	1,430,000
Falaise Pocket	#1944	World War II	140,000
Second Jassy–Kishinev Offensive	#1944	World War II	485,424, including prisoners
Operation Market Garden	#1944	World War II	27,200
Battle of Hürtgen Forest	#1944–45	World War II	63,000
Battle of Leyte Gulf	#1944	World War II	12,000 killed
Battle of the Bulge	#1944–45	World War II	161,370–218,900
Vistula–Oder Offensive	#1945	World War II	636,191 including prisoners
Battle of Luzon	#1945	World War II	332,330–345,330, including sick
Battle of the Rhineland	#1945	World War II	82,000 and 250,000 prisoners
Battle of Iwo Jima	#1945	World War II	44,821–48,700
East Prussian Offensive	#1945	World War II	806,778 including prisoners
Battle of Okinawa	#1945	World War II	113,920–158,400
Burma campaigns	#1942–45	World War II	700,000
Battle of West Hunan	#1945	World War II	50,000
Second Guangxi campaign	#1945	World War II	1,000,000
Arab–Israeli War	#1948–49	Arab–Israeli conflict	12,000–19,000
Liaoshen campaign	#1948	Chinese Civil War	542,000, including captured
Huaihai campaign	#1948	Chinese Civil War	689,000, including captured
Pingjin campaign	#1948–49	Chinese Civil War	560,000, including captured
Shanghai Campaign	#1949	Chinese Civil War	213,073
Battle of Inchon	#1950	Korean War	17,429
Invasion of North Korea	#1950	Korean War	51,700
Battle of Chosin Reservoir	#1950	Korean War	66,000
Battle of Dien Bien Phu	#1954	First Indochina War	31,500, not including prisoners
Tet Offensive	#1968	Vietnam War	65,000
Operation OAU	#1968	Nigerian Civil War	30,000
Easter Offensive	#1972	Vietnam War	150,000
Operation Dawn 5	#1984	Iran-Iraq War	75,000
Battle of the Marshes	#1984	Iran-Iraq War	55,000

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The Crown (TV series) - historical drama web television series about the reign of Queen Elizabeth II, created and principally written by Peter Morgan, and produced by Left Bank Pictures and Sony Pictures Tel...
Friends - American sitcom television series, created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman, which aired on NBC from September 22, 1994, to May 6, 2004, lasting ten seasons. With an ensemble cast sta...
Young Sheldon - spin-off prequel to The Big Bang Theory and begins with the character Sheldon...
Modern Family - American television mockumentary family sitcom created by Christopher Lloyd and Steven Levitan for the American Broadcasting Company. It ran for eleven seasons, from September 23...
Loki (TV series) - upcoming American web television miniseries created for Disney+ by Michael Waldron, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, shar...
Game of Thrones - American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss for HBO. It...
Shameless (American TV series) - American comedy-drama television series developed by John Wells which debuted on Showtime on January 9, 2011. It...