List of active separatist movements in Asia


This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Asia. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism. What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:
  1. They are active movements with current, active members.
  2. They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region.
  3. They are the citizens/people of the conflicted area and doesn't come from other countries.
Under each region listed is one or more of the following:
;Breakaway state:
& sonarbangla
Chittagong Hill Tracts
Tripura
Zale'n-gam
Ethnic issues in China arise from Chinese history, nationalism, and other factors. They have driven historical movements such as the Red Turban Rebellion and the Xinhai Revolution, which overthrew the Manchu Qing Dynasty. Ethnic tensions have led to incidents in the country such as the July 2009 Ürümqi riots.
within the Qing dynasty, c. 1820
, usually claimed by the Manchurian nationalists

Chinese autonomous counties

Manchuria
There are five province-level autonomous regions within the People's Republic of China.
Guangxi Autonomous Region ' — Independence movement
  • Ethnic group: Zuhangs
  • * Proposed independent state: Guangxi
Ningxia
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region — Independence or Irredentist movement
Tibet Autonomous Region ' — Independence movement
Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region — Independence or Irredentist or Islamic extremist movement
— Autonomist or Independence movement
Prominent autonomist and independence movements in Hong Kong SAR
Sovereignty-related fringe movements in Hong Kong SAR
Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China — Autonomist or Independence movement
Prominent autonomist and independence movements in Macau SAR
Sovereignty-related fringe movements in Macau SAR
;Breakaway state
Breakaway states:
Proposed autonomous movements:
Armenians in Javakheti
Bodoland
Jammu & Kashmir
Kamtapur
Karbistan
Manipur
Nagaland
Punjab
Tripura
Bali
Batakia
Minahasa
Riau
South Moluccas
Tana Toraja
Papua
Iranian Kurdistan
Balochistan
Proposed state:
Proposed autonomous area: Nineveh Plains
Proposed autonomous area: Al-Rafidain Autonomous Region
Okinawa
Kelantan
Sarawak
Sabah
Terengganu
Zo Asia
Kachin
Kawthoolei
Karenni
Kokang
Mon State
Northern Rakhine State
Shan States
Wa State
Zale'n-gam
Madhesh
Terai
Balochistan
Sindh
Gilgit-Baltistan
Cordillera Administrative Region
National Capital Region

Summary

This table shows only the list of movements. The source of each movement is cited in its own section. The population of each area is provided for information only.

Asian Russia

or Siberian Federal District
Far Eastern Republic
Nanaia
Jewish Autonomous Oblast
Evenkia
Shor Mountain
Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug
Yamalia/Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Summary
NumberLandCapitalAreaPopulationEthnicMain Political Party
1 NajranNajran149,511550,000Shia ArabAhrar al-Najran
2 AsirAbha76,6932,250,000ArabsAsser Regional Movement
3 Jabal ShammarHa'il103,887600,000ArabsShammar Revival Movement
4Al-HassaDammam672,5225,000,000Shia Arab
Total Saudi ArabiaRiyadh1,002,6038,400,000Saudi Arabiano legalised political parties in Saudi Arabia

in 1914
In 2013 Robin Wright’s colorful map of a politically re-divided Middle East in the New York Times, which illustrated her article “Imagining a Remapped Middle East.” The map, entitled “How 5 Could Become 14,” shows a hypothetical future division of Libya, Iraq, Syria, Yemen, and Saudi Arabia into 14 potential new countries along with two additional city-states. I was immediately reminded of Ralph Peters’ troublesome remapping of the same region. As explained in a previous GeoCurrents post, Peters’ intriguing mental exercise in redrawing national boundaries was widely misinterpreted across the Muslim world as indicating a nefarious plot to enhance US power. As a result, the region’s pronounced anti-Americanism was further inflamed.
Furthermore, in June 2012 the Yemeni newspaper Al-Shareh revealed the names of high-ranking Yemeni state officials and tribal sheikhs who had been receiving monthly bribes from Saudi Arabia. This sparked anger among Yemenis, and a group of Yemeni activists founded the "Asir Movement" in order to reclaim the provinces of Asir, Najran, and Jizan, which Yemen conceded in the 2000 Treaty of Jeddah. A "rights organization which has worked to denounce Saudi Arabia’s abuses in northern Yemen", the Asir Movement described itself as a “civil popular” movement that seeks to raise "internal Yemeni awareness" about the situation and to explore legal remedies against Saudi Arabia "for their involvement and assistance in abdicating Yemen’s historical right to its territories", all while emphasizing Yemeni unity. The movement sought to speak out against the 2000 Jeddah border agreement as well as the 1934 Taif Agreement that was signed in 1934 to end the Saudi–Yemeni War.
The Qatif conflict refers to the modern phase of sectarian tensions and violence in Eastern Arabia between Arab Shi'a Muslims and Arab Sunni majority, which has ruled Saudi Arabia since early 20th century. The conflict encompasses civil unrest which has been sporadically ongoing since 1979 events, pro-democracy and pro-human rights protests and occasional armed incidents, which increased in 2017 as part of the 2017–19 Qatif unrest.
Najran
Asir
Jabal Shammar
Al-Hassa
De facto autonomous region:
Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
The Republic of China is a state that has diplomatic relations with 14 United Nations member states.
Republic of China
Kinmen County, Republic of China — Independence movement
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