List of Smithsonian museums
The Smithsonian museums are the most widely visible part of the United States' Smithsonian Institution and consist of 20 museums and galleries as well as the National Zoological Park. 17 of these collections are located in Washington D.C., with 11 of those located on the National Mall. The remaining ones are in New York City and Chantilly, Virginia. The Arts and Industries Building, is only open for special events, and its newest museum building, the National Museum of African American History and Culture, opened in 2016.
The birth of the Smithsonian Institution can be traced to the acceptance of James Smithson's legacy, willed to the United States in 1826. Smithson died in 1829, and in 1836, President Andrew Jackson informed Congress of the gift, which it accepted. In 1838, Smithson's legacy, which totaled more than $500,000, was delivered to the United States Mint and entered the Treasury. After eight years, in 1846, the Smithsonian Institution was established.
The Smithsonian Institution Building was completed in 1855 to house an art gallery, a library, a chemical laboratory, lecture halls, museum galleries, and offices. During this time the Smithsonian was a learning institution concerned mainly with enhancing science and less interested in being a museum. Under the second secretary, Spencer Fullerton Baird, the Smithsonian turned into a full-fledged museum, mostly through the acquisition of 60 boxcars worth of displays from the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. The income from the exhibition of these artifacts allowed for the construction of the National Museum, which is now known as the Arts and Industries Building. This structure was opened in 1881 to provide the Smithsonian with its first proper facility for public display of the growing collections.
The Institution grew slowly until 1964 when Sidney Dillon Ripley became secretary. Ripley managed to expand the institution by eight museums and increased admission from 10.8 million to 30 million people a year. This period included the greatest and most rapid growth for the Smithsonian, and it continued until Ripley's resignation in 1984. Since the completion of the Arts and Industries Building, the Smithsonian has expanded to twenty separate museums with roughly 137 million objects in their collections, including works of art, natural specimens, and cultural artifacts. The Smithsonian museums are visited by over 25 million people every year.
Museums
11 of the 20 Smithsonian Institution museums and galleries are at the National Mall in Washington D.C., the open-area national park in Washington, D.C. running between the Lincoln Memorial and the United States Capitol, with the Washington Monument providing a division slightly west of the center. Six other Smithsonian museums including the National Zoo are located elsewhere in Washington. Two more Smithsonian museums are located in New York City and one is located in Chantilly, Virginia.The Smithsonian also holds close ties with 171 museums in 41 states, as well as Panama and Puerto Rico. These museums are known as Smithsonian Affiliates. Collections of artifacts are given to these museums in the form of long-term loans from the Smithsonian. These long-term loans are not the only Smithsonian exhibits outside the Smithsonian museums. The Smithsonian also has a large number of traveling exhibitions. Each year more than 50 exhibitions travel to hundreds of cities and towns all across the United States.
| Museums, galleries and park | Type of collection | Location | Opened | Picture |
| Anacostia Community Museum | African American culture | Washington, D.C. Anacostia | 1967 | |
| Arthur M. Sackler Gallery | Asian art | Washington, D.C. National Mall | 1987 | |
| Arts and Industries Building | Special event venue | Washington, D.C. National Mall | 1881 | |
| Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum | Design history | New York City Museum Mile | 1897 | |
| Freer Gallery of Art | Asian art | Washington, D.C. National Mall | 1923 | |
| Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden | Contemporary and modern art | Washington, D.C. National Mall | 1974 | |
| National Air and Space Museum | Aviation and spaceflight history | Washington, D.C. National Mall | 1946 1976 | |
| National Air and Space Museum's Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center | Aviation and spaceflight history | Chantilly, Virginia | 2003 | |
| National Museum of African American History and Culture | African-American history and culture | Washington, D.C. National Mall | 2003 2016 | |
| National Museum of African Art | African art | Washington, D.C. National Mall | 1964, 1987 | |
| National Museum of American History | American history | Washington, D.C. National Mall | 1964 | |
| National Museum of the American Indian | Native American history and art | Washington, D.C. National Mall | 2004 | |
| National Museum of the American Indian's George Gustav Heye Center | Native American history and art | New York City Bowling Green | 1994 | |
| National Museum of Natural History | Natural history | Washington, D.C. National Mall | 1858, 1911 | |
| National Portrait Gallery | Portraiture | Washington, D.C. Penn Quarter | 1968 | |
| National Postal Museum | United States Postal Service; postal history; philately | Washington, D.C. NoMa | 1993 | |
| Renwick Gallery | American craft and decorative arts | Washington, D.C. Lafayette Square | 1972 | |
| Smithsonian American Art Museum | American art | Washington, D.C. Penn Quarter | 1968 | |
| Smithsonian Institution Building | Visitor center and offices | Washington, D.C. National Mall | 1855 | |
| National Zoological Park | Zoo | Washington, D.C. Rock Creek Park | 1889 |
Year museum moved to current building