List of Sanskrit loanwords in Indonesian


Although Hinduism and Buddhism are no longer the major religions of Indonesia, Sanskrit, the language vehicle for these religions, is still held in high esteem, and its status is comparable with that of Latin in English and other Western European languages. Sanskrit is also the main source for neologisms; these are usually formed from Sanskrit roots. For example, the name of Jayapura city and Jayawijaya Mountains in the Indonesian province of Papua were coined in the 1960s; both are Sanskrit origin name to replace its Dutch colonial names. Some Indonesian contemporary medals of honor and awards, such as Bintang Mahaputra medal, Kalpataru award and Adipura award, are also Sanskrit derived names.
The loanwords from Sanskrit cover many aspects of religion, art and everyday life. The Sanskrit influence came from contacts with India long ago before the 1st century. The words are either directly borrowed from India or through the intermediary of the Old Javanese language. In the classical language of Java, Old Javanese, the number of Sanskrit loanwords is far greater. The Old Javanese — English dictionary by Prof. P.J. Zoetmulder, S.J. contains no fewer than 25,500 entries. Almost half are Sanskrit loanwords. Sanskrit loanwords, unlike those from other languages, have entered the basic vocabulary of Indonesian to such an extent that, for many, they are no longer perceived to be foreign.

Loanwords

Indonesian WordIndonesian MeaningSanskrit WordSanskrit TranscriptionSanskrit MeaningNote
abrakclear mining product, such as glass, micaअभ्रकabhrakatalc, mica
acaraevent, item in a programmeआचारācāracustom, practice, behaviour
adapresence, have, trueआधाādhāhold, possess
adakalasometimesयदा कालyada-kālayada: from time to time, kala: timelit. whenever-time
adalahto be आधारःādhāraḥvessel, comprehension, relation
adi- ultimate आदिadiinfinite, primitive, beginning,
adicitaideologyअधि
चित्त
adhi
citta
above, beside
thinking, aim, reason
adikarapowerful, rampantअधिकारadhikārasupremacy, authority
adikaryamasterpieceअधि
कार्य
adhi
kārya
above, beside
work, oeuvre, product
adikuasasuperpowerअधि
वश
adhi
vaśa
above, beside
power, control, dominion
adimargagreat roadअधि
मार्गः
adhi
mārgaḥ
above, beside
road
adipati, dipatinoble,
local government
अधि
पति
adhi
pati
above, beside
govern
adirajaHigh kingअधि
राज
adhi
raja
above, beside
king
adiratnagreat jewelअधि
रत्न
adhi
ratna
above, beside
jewel
adisiswahonor student, valedictorianअधि
शिष्यः
adhi
śiṣyah
above, beside
student
aditokohhero, protagonistअधिadhiabove, besidetokoh means character.
adiwangsagreat nation, noblemanअधि
वंश
adhi
vaṁśa
above, beside
lineage, dynasty
see bangsa.
adiwarnavery beautiful, very goodअधि
वर्ण
adhi
varṇa
above, beside
color
agamareligionआगमāgamatraditional doctrine, sacred teaching
agunggrand, greatagūṁgrandsee adi-
ahimsanot injuring anythingअहिंसाahiṃsānot injuring anything
ajnabi stranger अज्ञातिajñātinot a kinsman, not relatedअज्ञ = unknown.
aksaraletterअक्षरakṣaraletter
alpanegligentअल्पalpasmall, minute
amarahangerआमर्षāmarṣaanger
amertaimmortal, eternal, unforgottenअमृतamṛtaimmortal, drink of the gods
ananda, anakda, nandasonधर्मनन्दन
नन्दन
dharmanandana
naṃdana
"dharma-'s joy or son"
son
anantaendless, infinityअनन्तanantaAnanta
anekamultifarious, varied, all sortsअनेकanekamany, variousa-, eka
anekaragamvariety showअनेक ग्रामःaneka-rāgamvarious scale
anekawarnamulti-coloredअनेक वर्णaneka-varṇavarious color
anggotalimb, memberअङ्गताaṅga-jāḥborn from the body, limbs, member
angkanumerical figureअङ्कaṅkanumerical constant
angkarainsolence, cruelअहंकारahaṁ-kāraego, pride-maker
angkasaskyआकाशākāśasky
angkasawanastronautआकाश वनākāśa-vānthe sky + having; possessing
angsagooseहंसhaṁsaswan
angsanaPterocarpus indicusअसनasanaTerminalia Tomen Indica
aniayamaltreatment, abuse, injustice, tyrannyअन्यायanyāyasinful activities, mischief
antara,
antar-
among, betweenअन्तर्antaramong, between, in the middle
antariksaouter spaceअन्तरिक्षantarikṣathe middle of the three spheres or regions of life
atmosphere or space deity
anugerahaward, honour, graceअनुग्रहanugrahato bestow blessings, compassion
anumertaposthumous, posthumous military award for achievementअनुमृत्anumṛtdying after, following in death
anuswaranasal sound, especially nasal consonantsअनुस्वारःanusvāranasal sound, see anusvara
artimeaningअर्थ
-
artha
krti
meaning
understanding
for example, अर्थकथा = explaining meanings.
arya1. title for high official in Java in the past
2. ancestor of Indian, Persian and European
आर्यārya man, mastersee Aryan
asahopeआशाāśāhope
asana1. foot position
2. chair, throne
आसनāsanasitting, see asana
asmaralove, passionस्मरःsmaraḥlove
asramadormitoryआश्रमāśramareligious order, college, hermitage
asta- eightअष्टaṣṭaeight
atauorअथवाathavāalternatively, or, either
atmasoul, lifeआत्मन्ātmanbreath, life, spirit, soulsee atman
ayahfatherआर्य
-
ārya,
ayya
man
bacareadवाच्vācwords, talk
bagaias if, likeभगbhagagood fortune
bagifor, giveभागbhāga divide
bagindamajestyभाग्यbhāgyagood fortune+ -nda: Austronesian suffix
bagusfine, good, exemplaryभगbhagagood fortune, happiness, welfare
bahagiablissful, lucky, blessed, happyभाग्यbhāgyagood fortune, luck, happiness
bahasalanguageभाषाbhāṣāsign, description
bahayadangerभयbhayafear
bahterashipवहित्रvahitraa boat, ship
bahushoulderबाहुbāhuarm
bahu- manyबहुbahumany
bahwathat भवbhavabecome, state of being
baiduriopal वैडूर्यvaiḍūryacat's eye
baja, wajasteel, strong metalवाजvājastrength
bakti, bhaktihomage, devotion, service etc.भक्तिbhaktibhakti
baladisaster, calamity; also means help, assistबलbalapower, strength, force
bangsanation, raceवंशvaṁśalineage, dynastysee vaṃsa
bangsawannobleवंश वनvaṁśa-vānof the dynasty + having, possessing
baratwestभरतbhārataIndiaIndia is located west from Indonesia.
barunasea godवरुणvaruṇaVaruna
basmieliminate, destroyभस्मन्bhasmandevour, consume, pulverize
bauan area measurement unit, 7.096 m²बाहुbāhuarm
bayuwind वायुvāyuVayu: Hindu god of wind
bejanavesselभजनम्bhajanam
beladefendवेलाvelātime-limit, boundary, interval
belakamerelyबालकbālakayoung
belantarajungleवनान्तरvanāntara forest
beliayouthबाल्यbālyachildhood age, infancy
bencanadisaster, calamityवञ्चनvañcanadeception
bendaobjectभाण्डbhāṇḍagoods
bendaharatreasurerभाण्डारbhāṇḍārastore, storehouse
berahi, birahipassionate loveविरहिन्virahinseparated
berhalaidol, image of a godभट्टारbhaṭṭāralord
beritanewsवार्ताvārtānewssee warta.
besiiron वाशीvāśīpointed knife
bestariclever विस्तारिन्vistārinextending, large, broad
biaramonasteryविहारvihāraBuddha or Jaina conventsee wihara.
biarawanmale monasticismविहारवनvihāra
van
Buddha or Jaina convent
-man
see wihara.
biasahabitual, usual, ordinaryअभ्यासabhyāsahabit, repetition, custom, practice
biayaexpenseव्ययvyayaloss, expense, spending
bicaraspeakविचारvicāradiscussion, consideration
bidadariapsara, nymph, lesser female deitiesविद्याधरीfairy, sylph, bearer of knowledge
bidanmidwifeविद्वानvidvānwise, vidwanvidvān: nom. masc. of vidvant
bijaseedबीजंbījaṃseedclassical word, for the modern one see biji.
bijakclever, wiseविचक्ष्
विचक्षण
vicakṣ
vicakṣana
vicakṣ: to see distinctly
bijaksanaclever, wiseविचक्षणvicakṣaṇaclever, wise, experienced
bijiseedबीजंbījaṃseed
biksubhikkhuभिक्षुbhikṣubeggar, bhikkhu
biksunibhikkhuniभिक्षुbhikṣubeggar, bhikkhuni
bilawhenवेलाvelatime
binato buildभिन्नbhinnadifferent, fresh, new
binaragabodybuildingभिन्नbhinnafrom combined words bina: to build and raga: body
binasadie, death, destroyedविनाशvināśadestruction
bisavenom, maliceविषviṣapoisonbisa also means can, able, potent
bogafoodभोगbhōgaobject of enjoyment, eating
buanaworld भुवनbhuvanaworld, earth, place of being
budayacultureबुद्धि
दय
buddhi
daya
combination of boddhi: virtue and dhaya: power. give, move, protect
budireason, virtueबुद्धिbuddhiintellect, discernment, judgment
budimankind, wiseबुद्धिमानbuddhimānnom. of buddhi
bujanggascholarभुजंगbhujaṅgasnake, dissolute friend of prince
buktiproofभुक्तिbhuktienjoyment, fruition, possession
bumiearthभूमिbhūmiland
bupatihead of second level administrative area in Indonesiaभूमिपतिbhūpatilord of the earthsee bumi and patih
busanaclothingभूषणbhūṣaṇaornament, decoration
cabai, cabeCapsicum sp. चविcaviPiper chaba
cahayalightछायाchāyālustre, light
cakradisk, sphere etc.
Chakra
चक्रchakrawheel, circle, cycle, Chakra
cakramdisk, sphere etc.
disc in discus throw
चक्रchakrawheel, circle, cycle, Chakra
cakrawalahorizonचक्रवालcakravālamythical mountains at the edge of light and dark, horizon
candajokeछन्दchandapleasing, alluring, lovely, delightful
canditempleचण्डिकाcaṇḍikaanother manifestation of Durga as goddess of death
candu1. opium
2. favorite, hobby
छन्दुchandupleasing
candra, chandramoon, lunarचन्द्रcandraChandra: Hindu moon god
candradimukacrater चन्द्र
मुख
candra
mukha
lunar surface
cangkangshellशङ्खśaṅkhawinged shell attribute of Vishnu, shell
caraway, style, customsचारीcāracourse, way
carisearch, look forचारीcārīparticular step
caturchessचतुर
चतुरंगं
catura
caturaṃgaṃ
swift, quick, dexterous, clever, skilful
chess
catur- quad-चतुर्chaturquad-
cederainjuryछिद्रchidradefect
celakamishapछलकchalakadelusive
cempakaMagnolia sp.चंपकcampakaMagnolia sp.
cendala lowly, bad personचण्डालcaṇḍālaoutcaste
cendanaSantalum albumचन्दनcandanaSantalum album
cenderawasihparadisaeidae चन्द्रcandraChandra: Hindu moon god
ceria1. clean, holy, pure
2. shining, clear,
3. word expression during monarch accession
चर्यcaryadue observance of all rites and customs, proceeding
ceritastoryचरितcaritanarration, storye.g. Buddhacarita
cernadigestजीर्णjīrṇaold, digested, decayed
cintaloveचिन्ताcintāthought
ciptacreateचित्तcittathinking, aim, reason
citahope, idea, future goalsचित्तcittathinking, aim, reason
citarasadeliciousचित्त
रस
citta
rasa
thinking, aim, reason
flavor, taste
citraimageचित्रcitrapicture
citrumpixelचित्रcitrapicturesingular form back-formation of "citra"
cucicleanशुचिśuciclean, pure, correct
cukavinegarचुक्रcukravinegar
curistealचोरcōrathief, robber
curigasuspiciousछुरिकाchurikāknife
dahagathirstधागाdhāgāstring, thread
dana donation, fundsदानdānadonation, gift, oblation, paying back
daravirginदारdārawife
darma, dharmaduty, good deeds, truth etc.धर्मdharmaDharma
dasawarsadecadeदशन्
वर्ष
daśan
varṣa
ten
year, rain
dayapowerदयाdayācompassion, mercy
dendafine, punishmentदण्डdaṇḍapunishment
dermaalms givingधर्मdharmagood works, justice
desavillageदेशाdeśaplace, spot, region, country
dewagodदेवdevagod
dewatagodnessदेवताdevatadeity
dewigoddessदेवीdevīgoddess
dina dayदिनंdinaṃday
dina poorदीनdīnapooronly in hina dina
dirgahayulong liveदीर्घ
आयु
dīrgha
āyu
long
age
āyuṣā = with a life span
dosasinदोषdoṣafault; vice
dugaguess, estimateदुघdughayielding
dukasadnessदुःखduḥkhapain, sorrow, affliction, distress, unhappiness, difficulty, trouble
dulu, dahulubefore, first, pastढालूḍhālūsloping, slant
dupaincenseधूपdhūpaincense, see dhupa
dutaenvoyदूतdūtamessenger, envoy, ambassador, negotiator
durjanaevil, wicked, maliciousदुर्जनdurjanabad man, villain, scoundrel
malicious, wicked
dustalieदुष्टduṣṭāwrong, false, guilty
dwi two, bi-द्विdvitwo, bi-
eka one, mono-एकekaone, mono-
gagahmanlyghagāmanly
gajahelephantगजgajaelephant
gapuragateगोपुरंgōpuraṃgatelit. city way
garuda, gerodagarudaगरुड़garuḍagaruda
gayastylish, fashionableगयgayawealth, property
gelita, gulitadarkगलितgalitawaning, lost, perished
gentabellघण्टghaṇṭabell
gerha, grahabuilding, office, house, etc.गृहgṛhahouse
gerhanaeclipseग्रहणgrahaṇaseizure, possession, eclipse
gitasong गीतgītasinging, song
guacaveगुहाgūḥaburrow, cave
gunautilize, use, purposeगुणguṇaquality, attribute
guruteacher, guruगुरुःguruteacher
hambaservant, slaveहम्बाhambāthe lowing of cattle
hargacost, price, valueअर्घarghaprice
hartaassetअर्थःarthaḥwealth
hastaforearm हस्तःhastaḥhand
hinalowly, inferiorहीनhīnasmall, lesser, petty, deficient, left, blamable
hina dina inferior and poor, unworthy, very inferiorहीन
दीन
hīna
dīna
lesser, etc.
poor
husadahealthऔषधंauṣadhaṃmedicineas in panti husada, health center.
indrasense इन्द्रियindriyasense
istriwifeस्त्रीstrīwife
jagaawake, guardजागृ
जागर
jāgṛ
jāgara
to watch over, awake
jagatuniverseजगत्jagatworld, universe
jaksaattorneyअध्यक्षadhyakṣainspector, superintendent
jalanet, casting netजालjālanet
jamhour, clockयामyāmatime
jambuMyrtaceaeजम्बुjambuMyrtaceae
jampiincantationजपjapamuttering, whispering
jandawidowरण्डाraṇḍāwidowsee randa.
jasamerit, service, etc.यशस्
व्यास
yaśas
vyāsa
worth, glory;
service
jatiTectona grandis जातिjātiJasminum grandiflorum
jawaJava, Javaneseयवyavabarley, grainOn Java context, it means rice or paddy.
jayagloriousजयjayaconquest, victory, triumph
jelatacommon peopleजनताjanataa number of men, assemblage of people, community, subjects, mankind
jelitalovelyललितlalitalovely, charming, favourite, liked
jelmaincarnation, to become, to turn intoजन्मjanmabirth
jenteraspinning, wheelयन्त्रyantrainstrument
jiwalife, soul, sanityजीवjīva soul
jutamillionअयुतayutaten thousand, myriad
jutawanvery richअयुत वनayuta+vānten thousand + having, possessing
kacaglassकाचkācaglass
kacamataglasses, spectaclesकाचkācaglass
kalatimeकालkālatime
kalahdefeatकलहkalahaquarrel, fight
kalauifकालkālatime
kalitime, in mathematicsकालkālatime
kalpataru1. tree of life and hope,
2. environmental award from government of Indonesia
कल्पतरुkalpataruwishing or wonder tree, see Kalpavriksha
kambojaPlumeria acuminataकाम्बोजkāmboja1. related to Kámbója,
2. Rottlera tinctoria,
3. white mimosa,
4. Gunja
kanta, suryakantalensसूर्य्यकान्त
कान्त
sūryyakānta
kānta
sun-crystal, crystal lens
precious stone
kapascottonकर्पासkarpāsacotton
karenabecauseकारणkāraṇacause
karma1. personal work in world
2. law of causality
कर्मkarmakarma
karsainitiative, willकर्षkarṣapulling, obtaining, mastering
kartikastar कृत्तिका
कार्त्तिक
kṛttikā
kārttika
Pleiades, corresponding month
karuniablessingकरुणkaruṇacompassion
karyawork, oeuvre, productकार्यkāryaworksee kerja.
kasturiTapeinochilos ananassaeकस्तूरीkastūrī1. musk,
2. Hibiscus abelmoschus,
3. Amaryllis zeylanica
kasuaricassowaryकास्सोवारिस्kās'sōvāriscassowary
katawordकथाkathāspeech, talk, story
katia hundred thousandकोटिkoṭiten million
kelahiquarrel, fightकलहkalahaquarrel, fight
kelingIndian, black-skinnedकालिङ्गkāliṅgarelated to Kalinga
keluargafamilyकुल
वर्ग
kula
varga
kula: family, race, tribe or caste, kin.
varga: group
see also, warga.
kemala, gemala, kumalajade, gemstoneकोमलkomalagracious, charming
kencanagold, golden, grand, gloriousकाञ्चनkāñcanagold
kendiwater-pitcherकुण्ड
कुण्डी
kuṇḍa
kuṇḍī
jar, pitcherkuṇḍī: fem. form of kuṇḍa
kepalaheadकपालkapālaskull, cranium
kerandacoffinकरण्डkaraṇḍabasket, box
kerjaworkकार्यkāryathe work, the manifest productssee karya.
ketikamoment, whenघटghaṭaG'har'í or Indian clock
kianbecome more, as much asकियत्kiyānhow much
kirana1. ray
2. beautiful
किरणkiraṇaray of light
kosakatavocabularyकोश
कथा
kośa
kathā
kośa:dictionary, lexicon, vocabulary
kata: speech, talk, story
kotacity, townकोट्टkoṭastronghold
krida1. action
2. sport
क्रीडाkrīḍāsport, play, amusement
ksatriawarrior, knightक्षत्रियkṣatriyamilitary, reigning, princely caste, supremacy
kuasapowerवशvaśapower, control, dominion
kuatstrongउत्तालuttālastrong
kudahorseघोटकःghōṭakaḥhorse
kumbapotकुंभkuṃbhapot, jar
kuncikeyकुञ्चिकाkuñcikākey
kungkumasaffronकुंकुमkuṅkumasaffron
kurniamercyकारुण्यkāruṇyacompassion, praiseworthy, excellent
kustaleprosyकुष्ठkuṣṭhaleprosy
kusuma, kasuma, kesumaflowerकुसुमkusumaflower, blossom, bud
labugourdअलाबुalābugourd
lagusongलघुlaghugentle
laksaten thousandलक्षlakṣaten thousand, lakh
laksana1. like, as if
2. good sign
लक्षणlakṣaṇaindirect indication, favourable mark
laksamanaadmiralलक्ष्मणlakṣmaṇaLakshmana
laksmibeautiful, Lakshmiलक्ष्मीlakṣmīLakshmi, beautiful
latacrawling, creeping animal लताlatācreeping plants, see vine
lawangdoor, Cinnamon, Nutmeg लवंगlavaṅgaClove
lelagraceful movement, elegantलीलाlīlāplay
lenasleep soundlyलीनlīnalying or resting on
lencanaseal, emblem, badgeलाञ्छनlāñchanamark, sign, vestige
linggalingamलिङ्गम्liṅgamlingam
lobagreedyलोभlobhagreed
lokaworld, place, realm, abodeलोकlokaspace, room, place, world
maduhoney
co-wife
मधुmadhusweet food or drink, incld. honey, milk, wine, etc.
madya, madiamiddleमध्यmadhyamiddle
mahagreat, super, hyper, veryमहाmahāgreat
mahadewasupreme godmahā+devasupreme god
mahadewisupreme goddessmahā+devisupreme goddess
maha esaall-mightyमहेशmaheśa = mahā+īśasupreme lordīśa : owning, possessing, powerful, supreme, capable, lord
mahaguruprofessormahā+gurugreat teacher
maharajaemperorमहाराजmahārājagreat king
maharaniqueenmahāranisee rani.
mahasiswa college/university studentमहा
शिष्यः
mahā-śiṣyahgreat-student
mahasiswi college/university studentमहा
शिष्यः
mahā-śiṣyāhgreat-student
mahesa, mahisabuffaloमहिषःmahiṣaḥbuffalo
mahkotacrownमुकुटmukuṭacrown
malastain, dirtमलmaladirt, filth, impurity
malapetaka calamity, disasterमहा
पातक
mahā
pātaka
great
sin or collapse
manakalawhenmāna-kālain honor of time
mandiriautonomous, independentmandhiri
manispermमणिmaṇi1. pearls, gem, jewel,
2. glans penis
manikbead, sequin, jewelमणिmaṇi1. pearls, gem, jewel,
2. glans penis
mantra, manteramantraमन्त्रmantramantra
manusiahumanमनुष्यmānuṣahuman being
margaroadमार्गःmārgaḥroad
matrameasurement unit, of length, height, depthमात्राmātrāmeasurement unit
mayaillusionमायाmāyāMaya
menteriminister मन्त्रिmantriking's counsellor, minister
merdekafreedom, libertyमहा
ऋद्धि
mahā
ṛddhi-ka
great
prosperity
merdusweet, melodiusमृदुmṛdusoft
mericapepperमरीचम्marīcamspices
mitrapartnerमित्रmitrafriend
mudayoungमूढmūḍhastupid, silly, simple
mudaheasyमूढmūḍhastupid, silly, simple
mukafaceमुखmukhaface
mulato start, to beginमूलmūlaorigin
nadiblood vesselनदिnadistream, river
nagadragon, nāgaनागnāgaserpent deities
namanameनामन्nāmanname
nawa- nineनवnavanine
negaracountryनगरnagaracity
negericity नगरीnagarīcity
neracascale, balancenaracabalance
nerakahell, underworldनरकnarakanaraka
nirwanaan ideal condition of harmony or joyनिर्वाणnirvananirvana
niskalaamorph, abstractनिश्चलniścalaimmovable; steady; unal terable, immutable
nusaisland नूसnūsa
nyata1. clearly shown,
2. real,
3. proven
नियतniyataConstant, Ascertained, Positive
padukafoot, footwearपादुकpādukashoe, slipper
padukahonorary title for official, nobility, or kingपादुकाpādukāimpression of the feet of a god or a holy personfor the idea, see Ciaruteun inscription.
pahalamerit, reward फलphalafruits, of results
paksato forceपक्षpakṣaside, faction, partisan, adherent, army, position
palaMyristica fragrans फलphalafruits, of resultssee pahala.
panca- fiveपञ्चpañcafive
pariwisatatourismपरि
विशति
pari
viśati
around
enter
to enter around
patih, -pati1. obidient, submissive
2. Lord
पतिpatimaster, ownersee bupati.
pekerticharacter, natureप्रकृतिprakṛtiorigin, character, nature, pattern
pendapa, pendopohallमण्डपmaṇḍapaopen hall, pavilion, templethrough Javanese pendhapa
pendetapriestपण्डितpaṇḍitalearned, scholar, skilled
percayabelieveप्रत्ययःpratyayaḥfamiliarity
perdanafirstप्रधानpradhānafirst, chief
perkaraproblem, affairsप्रकारprakāradifference, similitude
perkasapowerful, forceful, manlyप्रकाशprakāśashining, manifest, renowned
perkosarapeप्रकाशprakāśashining, manifest, renowned
perpustakaanlibraryपुस्तकpustakabook, manuscriptsee pustaka with circumfix peran'
pertamafirstप्रथमprathamafirst
pertiwiMother Earthपृथ्वीpṛthvī
pṛthivī
Prithvi, Hindu earth deity
perwirahigh-ranked military officialप्रवीरpravīrabrave or eminent man, hero, chief
pra pre-प्राprabefore, forward to, in front of, on, forth
prabuking प्रभुprabhumaster, lord, king
prakaryahandworksप्रकार्यprakāryato be manifested
prajacity, stateप्रजाprajāpeople, subject, child
priaman/menप्रियpriyabeloved, dear
prihatinconcernedprḥatinconcerned
puasafastingउपवासupavāsafasting, abstinence
pujaworship, adoreपूजाpūjāworship, respect, homage of superiors or adoration of the gods
pundakshoulderस्कंधpūndhākshouldersee bahu
punyahave, possessive verbपुण्यpuṇyamerit, virtue
puraHindu temple, cityपुरpuracity/walled enclosure
purbaancientपूर्वpūrvaformer, ancient, old, etc.
puripalaceपुरpuracity/walled enclosure
purna- complete, finishedपूर्णpūrṇafinished, complete, satisfiedsee also sempurna, purnama
purnamafull moon, a monthपूर्णमाpūrṇamāfull-moon
pustakabookपुस्तकpustakabook, manuscript
puspaflower पुष्पpuṣpaflower
putra, puterason, princeपुत्रputrason
putri, puteridaughter, princessपुत्रीputrīprincess
ragabodyरागrāgacolor, feeling, beauty
rahasiasecretरहस्यंrahasyasecret
rajakingराजन्rājaking
rajalelarage, raging, at large, rampantराज
लीला
raja
līlā
king
play
raksasagiant, monsterराक्षसrākṣasabeast-like demon
rambusignrāmbūsign
randa, rangdawidowरण्डाraṇḍāwidowsee janda.
raniqueenराज्ञी
राणी
rājñī
rāṇī
queenrāṇī is corruption of rājñī.
rasaemotion, feeling, tasteरसrasato love, flavor, taste
ratnajewel, gemstone रत्नratnajewel, gem
resmiofficialरश्मिraśmistring, leash, ray of lightin Sanskrit, रश्मि is synonym of पक्ष.
rupalook, appearanceरूपrūpaform, likeness
sabdaproclamation शब्दःśabdavoice, speech
sadubestसाधुsādhugood, excellent
sahayaservantसाहाय्यsāhāyyahelp, assistance
saksiwitnessसाक्षिन्sākṣinwitness
saktipowerfulशक्तिśaktipower, energy
samasameसमsamasame, equal
samudraoceanसमुद्रsamudraocean
sandisandhiसंधिsaṃdhíjoining
sandiwaradramasāndīvaradrama
sangga1. monastic community of bhikkhus and bhikkhunis, see Sangha.
2. smallest unit in Scouting
संघsaṃghaassociation, clerical community, brotherhood of monks
sapta- sevenसप्तsaptaseven
sarirabodyशरीरंśarīraṃbodyvia Javanese word sarira
sasanatraining hallशासनśāsanateaching, order, ruling
sastraliteratureशास्त्रśāstrascripture, teaching, order, book
satwafauna, animalsसत्त्वsattvasentint being, "that which is", existence
sederhanasimpleसाधारणsādhāraṇacommon, ordinary
sekawipe, rubनिषेकniṣēkawash
sekarangpresentsakaraṁthis time
semadi, samadi, semedi, samedimeditation, contemplationसमाधिsamādhideep meditation, silenece, religious vow
semestawhole, totalसमस्तsamastaunited, whole, all
sempurnaperfectसम्पूर्णsampūrṇaentirely, complete
sengsarasufferingसंसारsaṃsāracontinuous flow of reincarnation
senjataweapon, armssanjātāarms
senopatigeneral, military leader सेनापतिsenāpatisenā "military" + pati "leader"-
serakahgreedyśrakagreedy
serbaall, everything, completeसर्वsarvaall or everything
seruto call loudlyश्रुśruto be heard
seteruenemyशत्रुśatruenemy
setialoyal, truthfulसत्य
सती
satya
satī
truth, correct, sincere, faithful
faithful wife
siapreadyशीवलśīvala
silabase, courtesy, moralशीलśīlahabit, custom, usage, character, moral preceptcan mean cross-legged sitting or refined order
singalionसिंहःsiṃhalion, breavest, king, ruler
singgasanathroneसिंहासनsiṃhāsanathe lion throneLion is allusion to king.
siswa studentशिष्यःśiṣyahstudentfor tertiary education student, see mahasiswa.
srititle for kingश्रीśrī1. Prefix to the names,
2. Fortune, prosperity, success, thriving,
3. Light
stupastupaस्तूपstūpaheap, a pile of earth
suamihusbandस्वामिsvāmīmaster, lord, husband
suarasoundस्वरsvarasound, voice, accent, musical tone or note
suciclean, holyशुचिśuciclean, pure, correct
sukalike, happyसुखsukhaeasy, pleasant, comfortable, happy
sukmasoulसूक्ष्मsūkṣmasubtle, atomic
sundalindecent, whore, prostitute, harlotशुण्डाzundaprostitute, harlot
sunyiquiet शून्यśūnyazero, nothing
surgaheavenस्वर्गsvargaheaven
suryasun, solarसूर्यsūryaSurya, Hindu sun god
susilamodesty, appropriateसुशीलsuśīlagood character
swa- do something by oneselfस्वsva-self, own
talirope, stringtalli
tapaasceticism, meditation, self-disciplineतपtapatapas
tataorder, to arrangeतथाtathāthus, in that manner
tenagaenergy, powertanāgāpower
tri- three त्रिtrithree
udaraairउदारudārarising fog or vapour, raising, sublime
untacamelउष्ट्रuṣṭracamel
upacaraceremonyउपचारupacāraceremony, religious ritual
usahaeffortउत्साहutsāhaeffort, thread, happiness, firmness
usiaageआयुषāyuṣalife-span
utamaultimate, the most important, foremostउत्तमuttamaupmost, highest, first or best
utaranorthउत्तरuttaranorth
wacanaverbal communication, conversationवचनvacanaspeech
wadahcontainerआधारःādhāraḥcontainer
wahanaride, vehicleवहनvahanaconducting, carrying, bearing
wanaforest वनvanaforest
wangsadynasty, royal houseवंशvaṁśalineage
wanitawoman, ladyवनिताvanitāwife, woman
warassanevarāshealthy
warga1. members of family, society, etc.,
2. social stratification
वर्गvargaclass, tribe, club
warnacolourवर्णvarṇacolour
wartanewsवार्ताvartanewssee berita.
warta beritanews broadcastवार्ताvartanews
wibawa1. authority, influence,
2. power
विभवःvibhavaḥpower
widyaiswarateacherविद्या
ईश्वर
vidya
īshvara
learning
master
wiharaBuddhist TempleविहारvihāraBuddha or Jaina conventsee biara''.
wirahero, braveवीरvīraheroic, brave
wisesasupreme leader, supreme powerविशेषviśēṣaexcellence, superiority
wreda, werda1. old age, geriatric
2. experienced
वृद्धvṛddha1. old,
2. wise
yogaYogaयोगःyogaYoga
yudhawar, battle युद्धyuddhabattle