List of Quaternary volcanic eruptions
This article is a list of volcanic eruptions of approximately magnitude 6 or more on the Volcanic Explosivity Index or equivalent sulfur dioxide emission during the Holocene, and Pleistocene eruptions of the Decade Volcanoes ; Campania, Italy; South Aegean Volcanic Arc; Laguna de Bay, Luzon Volcanic Arc; Mount Pinatubo, Luzon Volcanic Arc; Toba, Sunda Arc; Mount Meager massif, Garibaldi Volcanic Belt; Yellowstone hotspot, Wyoming; and Taupo Volcanic Zone, greater than VEI 4.
The eruptions in the Holocene on the link: were not added yet, but they are listed on the Peter L. Ward's supplemental table. Some of the eruptions are not listed on the Global Volcanism Program timetable as well, at least not as VEI 6. The timetables of Global Volcanism Program; Bristlecone pine tree-rings ; the 4 ka Yamal Peninsula Siberian larch chronology; the 7 ka Scots pine chronology from Finnish Lapland; GISP2 ice core; GRIP ice core; Dye 3 ice core; Bipolar comparison; Antarctic ice core ; Antarctic ice core ; Crête ice core, in central Greenland, benthic foraminifera in deep sea sediment cores, do not agree with each other sometimes. The 536–547 AD dust-veil event might be an impact event.
Holocene eruptions
The Holocene epoch begins 11,700 years BP,Since 2000 AD
1000–2000 AD
1 to 1000 AD
Tianchi eruption, Paektu Mountain, border of North Korea and China | 946 AD | 7 | of tephra | Also known as Millennium Eruption of Changbaishan |
Eldgjá eruption, Laki system, Iceland | 934-940 AD | 4 | Estimated of lava | Estimated 219 million tons of sulfur dioxide were emitted |
Ceboruco, Northwest of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt | 930 AD ±200 | 6 | of tephra | |
Dakataua, Northern tip of the Willaumez Peninsula, New Britain, Papua New Guinea | 800 AD ±50 | 6? | ? of tephra | |
Pago, East of Kimbe, New Britain, Papua New Guinea: Witori Caldera | 710 AD ±75 | 6 | of tephra | |
Mount Churchill, eastern Alaska | 700 AD ±200 | 6 | of tephra | |
Rabaul, Rabaul Caldera, New Britain | 540 AD ±100 | 6 | of tephra | |
Ilopango, El Salvador | 539 or 540 AD | 7 | 106.5 km3 of tephra | |
Ksudach, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia | 240 AD ±l00 | 6 | of tephra | |
Taupo Volcanic Zone, Hatepe eruption of Taupo Volcano, New Zealand | 230 AD ±16 | 7 | of tephra | |
Mount Vesuvius, Italy | 79 AD Oct 24 | 5? | of tephra | Pompeii eruption |
Mount Churchill, eastern Alaska | 60 AD ±200 | 6 | of tephra | |
Ambrym, Vanuatu | 50 AD ±100 | 6 | of tephra |
Before the Common Era (BC/BCE)
Pleistocene eruptions
2.588 ± 0.005 million years BP, the Quaternary period and Pleistocene epoch begin.Nomenclature
Each state/ country seem to have a slightly different approach, but there is an order:- Craton, and then Province as sections or regions of a craton.
- First: volcanic arc, volcanic belt and volcanic zone.
- Second: volcanic area, caldera cluster and caldera complex.
- Third: volcanic field, volcanic system and volcanic center.
- * A volcanic field is a localized area of the Earth's crust that is prone to localized volcanic activity.
- * A volcanic group is a collection of related volcanoes or volcanic landforms.
- Neutral: volcanic cluster and volcanic locus.