List of IARC Group 1 Agents - Carcinogenic to humans

Agents

Infectious conditions

• Human immunodeficiency virus type 1
• Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I
• Human papillomavirus types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59 and 66
• Hepatitis B virus
• Hepatitis C virus
• Human herpesvirus 8
• Epstein-Barr virus

• Helicobacter pylori

• Clonorchis sinensis
• Opisthorchis viverrini
• Schistosoma haematobium

  Chemical substances

• Acetaldehyde associated with consumption of alcoholic beverages
• Aflatoxins
• 4-Aminobiphenyl
• Aristolochic acids, and plants containing them
• Arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds
• Asbestos
• Azathioprine
• Benzene
• Benzidine, and dyes metabolized to
• Benzopyrene|Benzopyrene
• Beryllium and beryllium compounds
• 1,3-Butadiene
• 1,4-Butanediol dimethanesulfonate
• Cadmium and cadmium compounds
• Carbadox - – GHS Category 1B Carcinogen
• Chlornapazine
• Chlorambucil
• Methyl-CCNU -3-
• Bisether
• Chloromethyl methyl ether
• Chromium compounds
• Ciclosporin
• Cyclophosphamide
• 1,2-Dichloropropane
• Diethylstilboestrol
• Estrogen therapy, postmenopausal
• Estrogen-progestogen oral contraceptives
• Ethanol in alcoholic beverages
• Erionite
• Ethylene oxide
• Etoposide alone, and in combination with cisplatin and bleomycin
• Fluoro-edenite fibrous amphibole
• Formaldehyde
• Gallium arsenide
• Lindane
• Melphalan
• Methoxsalen plus ultraviolet A radiation
• 4,4'-Methylenebis
• MOPP and other combined chemotherapy including alkylating agents
• Mustard gas
• 2-Naphthylamine
• Neutron radiation
• Nickel compounds
• 4--1--1-butanone
• N-Nitrosonornicotine
• 2,3,4,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran
• 3,4,5,3’,4’-Pentachlorobiphenyl
• Pentachlorophenol
• Tamoxifen
• 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
• Thiotepa
• Thorium-232 and its decay products, administered intravenously as a colloidal dispersion of thorium-232 dioxide
• Treosulfan
• Trichloroethylene
• o-Toluidine
• Vinyl chloride

• Phosphorus-32, as phosphate
• Plutonium
• Radioiodines, short-lived isotopes, including iodine-131, from atomic reactor accidents and nuclear weapons detonation
• Radionuclides, α-particle-emitting, internally deposited
• Radionuclides, β-particle-emitting, internally deposited
• Radium-224 and its decay products
• Radium-226 and its decay products
• Radium-228 and its decay products
• Radon-222 and its decay products
• Silica dust, crystalline
• Talc containing asbestiform fibres

  Complex/mixed agents

• Outdoor air pollution
• Particulate matter in outdoor air pollution

  Radiations

• Ionizing radiation
• Ultraviolet radiation including solar radiation
• X-Radiation and gamma radiation

  Mixtures

• Aflatoxins
• Alcoholic beverages
• Areca nut
• Betel quid with tobacco
• Betel quid without tobacco
• Coal-tar pitches
• Coal-tars
• Coal, indoor emissions from household combustion of
• Engine exhaust, diesel
• Estrogen-progestogen menopausal therapy,
• Estrogen-progestogen oral contraceptives
• Fission products, including Strontium-90
• Leather dust
• Mineral oils, untreated and mildly treated
• Paints containing benzene
• Phenacetin, analgesic mixtures containing
• Plants containing aristolochic acid
• Polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxin-like
• Processed meat
• Salted fish
• Shale-oils
• Soot
• Wood dust

  Exposure circumstances

• Acheson process, occupational exposure associated with
• Acid mists, strong inorganic
• Aluminium production
• Auramine production
• Boot and shoe manufacture and repair
• Chimney sweeping
• Coal gasification
• Coal tar distillation
• Coke production
• Furniture and cabinet making
• Haematite mining with exposure to radon
• Iron and steel founding
• Isopropanol manufacture
• Glass, making of
• Magenta dyes, manufacture of
• Painting
• Paving and roofing with coal tar pitch
• Rubber manufacturing industry
• Sandblasting
• Smokeless tobacco
• Tobacco smoke, second hand
• Tobacco smoking
• Ultraviolet-emitting tanning devices
• Welding fumes