List of Chinese cash coins by inscription

Chinese cash coins were first produced during the Warring States period, and they became standardised as the Ban Liang coinage during the Qin dynasty which followed. Over the years, cash coins have had many different inscriptions, and the Wu Zhu inscription, which first appeared under the Han dynasty, became the most commonly used inscription and was often used by succeeding dynasties for 700 years until the introduction of the Kaiyuan Tongbao during the Tang dynasty. This was also the first time regular script was used as all earlier cash coins exclusively used seal script. During the Song dynasty a large number of different inscriptions was used, and several different styles of Chinese calligraphy were used, even on coins with the same inscriptions produced during the same period. These cash coins are known as matched coins. This was originally pioneered by the Southern Tang.
After the Mongols conquered China the Yuan dynasty largely deprecated copper coinage in favour of paper money. This trend continued under the Ming dynasty. After the Chinese became independent again, during the Ming dynasty, cash coins only contained the reign titles of the emperor. Due to a naming taboo the term "Yuanbao" was phased out from cash coin inscriptions as the founder of the Ming dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang had the word "Yuan" in his name.
Under the Manchu Qing dynasty the trend of exclusively using the reign title of the Emperor continued, and all cash coins issued during this period were written in regular script.
Below is a list of obverse inscriptions that were used on Chinese cash coins organized by period and/or dynasty.

Warring states period

During the Warring states period of the Zhou dynasty the first precursors of the Chinese cash coins started to appear. These early round coins circulated alongside the knife and spade money. As most of these early round coins had round holes, the first "true" cash coins were the Yi Hua produced by the State of Yan. Apart from two small and presumably late coins from the State of Qin, coins from the spade money area have a round hole and refer to the jin and liang units. Those from the knife money area have a square hole and are denominated in hua.

Round hole, no rims, reverses plain and flat

List of early round coins produced between 350 BC and 220 BC:

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Hanyu pinyin	Meaning	Alternative reading	Image
Gong	共	gòng	A city in the state of Liang	-
Gong Tun Chi Jin	共屯赤金	gòng tún chì jīn	"Gong Pure Red Metal"	共純赤金
Gong Ban Jin	共半釿	gòng bàn jīn	"Gong, half jin"	-
Yuan	垣	yuán	A city in the state of Liang	-
Gu	古	gǔ	"Old"	-
An Zang	安臧	ān zāng	A city in the state of Zhou	-
Qi Yuan Yi Jin	桼垣一釿	qī yuán yì jīn	"Qiyuan, one Jin", State of Liang	長垣一釿桼圜一釿
Qi Yuan Yi Jin	桼睘一釿	qī yuán yì jīn	"Qiyuan, one Jin", State of Liang	長垣一釿桼圜一釿
Xiang Yin	襄陰	xiāng yīn	A city in the state of Liang	濟陰畢陰
Li Shi	離石	lí shí	A city in the state of Zhao	-
Feng Ping	封坪	fēng píng	Unknown	陰坪武坪
Hou Jin	侯釿	hóu jīn	"Hou, Jin"	?釿
Lin	焛	lìn	A city in the state of Zhao	藺 / 閵
Wu'an	武安	wǔ ān	"Martial peace"	-
Pishi	皮氏	pí shì		-
Pingbei	平備	píng bèi	"Perfect peace"	-
Xi Zhou	西周	xī zhōu	State of Western Zhou	-
Dong Zhou	東周	dōng zhōu	State of Eastern Zhou	-
Ban Yuan	半睘	bàn qióng	"Half Coin"	-

State of Yan

List of early round coins produced by the State of Yan between 300 BC and 220 BC:

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Hanyu pinyin	Alternative reading	Image
Yi Hua	一化	yī huà	一刀
Ming Hua	明化	míng huà	明刀匽化
Ming Si	明四	míng sì	匽四

State of Qi

List of early round coins produced by the State of Qi between 300 BC and 220 BC:

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Hanyu pinyin	Alternative reading	Image
Yi Hua	益化	yì huà	賹化
Yi Si Hua	益四化	yì sì huà	賹四化
Yi Liu Hua	益六化	yì liù huà	賹六化

State of Qin

List of early round coins produced by the State of Qin between 250 BC and 220 BC:

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Hanyu pinyin	Meaning	Image
Zhu Zhong Yi Liang Shi Er	珠重一兩十二	zhū zhòng yī liǎng shí èr	"Weight of 1 Liang and 12 times 1 Zhu"
Zhu Zhong Yi Liang Shi Si	珠重一兩十四	zhū zhòng yī liǎng shí sì	"Weight of 1 Liang and 14 times 1 Zhu"
Chang'an	長安	cháng'ān	Said to have been cast by Zhao Chengjiao, Lord of Chang'an.
Wenxin	文信	wén xìn	Said to have been cast by Lü Buwei, the Marquis of Wenxin.
Liang Zi	兩甾	liǎng zī	"Two Zi"
Ban Liang	半兩	bàn liǎng	"Half tael"

Qin dynasty

During the Qin dynasty production of the Ban Liang cash coins continued and its weight was standardised.

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Hanyu pinyin	Literal translation	Years of production	Emperors	Image
Ban Liang	半兩	bàn liǎng	"Half tael"	221 BC–206 BC	Qin Shi Huang Qin Er Shi

Western Han dynasty

Under the Western Han dynasty the Ban Liang cash coins of the earlier Qin dynasty were retained until a series of monetary reforms replaced them first with the San Zhu and then the Wu Zhu, the latter would be continued to be manufactured for around 700 years.

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Hanyu pinyin	Literal translation	Years of production	Image
Ban Liang	半兩	bàn liǎng	"Half tael"	206 BC–119 BC
San Zhu	三銖	sān zhū	"Three Zhu"	119 BC–118 BC
Wu Zhu	五銖	wǔ zhū	"Five Zhu"	118 BC–9 AD

Xin dynasty

After Wang Mang usurped the throne he instituted various monetary reforms, in AD 9 he retained the Wu Zhu cash coins but introduced two new types of Knife money, between AD 9 and 10 he introduced an impossibly complex system involving tortoise shell, cowries, gold, silver, six round copper coins, and a reintroduction of the spade money in ten denominations. In AD 14, all these tokens were abolished, and replaced by another type of spade coin and new round coins.
List of cash coins issued by the Xin dynasty:

Chengjia

The rebel Gongsun Shu cast iron cash coins based on the Wu Zhu's of the Western Han dynasty in his rebel state of Chengjia in present-day Sichuan:

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Hanyu Pinyin	Emperor	Approximate years of mintage	Image
Wu Zhu	五銖	wǔ zhū	Gongsun Shu	25–36

Eastern Han dynasty

The Eastern Han dynasty only cast Wu Zhu cash coins.

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Hanyu Pinyin	Image
Wu Zhu	五銖	wǔ zhū

Kingdom of Khotan

List of cash coins produced by the Kingdom of Khotan:

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Hanyu Pinyin	Approximate years of production	King	Illustration	Image
Yu Fang	于方	yú fāng	129–130	Fang Qian

The Three Kingdoms

List of Chinese cash coins issued during Three Kingdoms period:

Kingdom of Kucha

List of cash coins produced by the Kingdom of Kucha:

Inscription	Inscription	Approximate years of production	Differentiating features	Image
Blank	Blank	265–589	These have a rim around the square centre hole on one side while the other side is rimless, they tend to thin on the outside while they're thick on the inside.
Blank	Blank	265–589	Similar to the first type but these cash coins have no inner rim.
Blank	Blank	265–589	These cash coins are completely without rim but are square in shape and have a square centre hole, they tend to be very thin.
Blank	Blank	265–589	These cash coins are irregularly shaped, diminutive in size, thin, and are cast of poor workmanship. Some are merely five millimeters in diameter and weigh as little as 0.2 grams.
五銖	An undeciphered Kuśiññe language inscription.	Unknown	These are the only known cash coins produced by Kucha with an inscription.

Jin Dynasty and the 16 Kingdoms

List of Chinese cash coins produced during the Jin dynasty and Sixteen Kingdoms period:

The North and South dynasties

List of cash coins produced by the Northern and Southern dynasties:

Sui dynasty

The Sui dynasty only cast Wu Zhu cash coins.

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Hanyu Pinyin	Image
Wu Zhu	五銖	wǔ zhū

Tang dynasty

List of cash coins issued by the Tang dynasty:

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Hanyu Pinyin	Years of production	Emperor	Image
Kaiyuan Tongbao	開元通寶	kāiyuán tōng bǎo	621–846	Various
Qianfeng Quanbao	乾封泉寶	qián fēng quán bǎo	666	Gaozong
Qianyuan Zhongbao	乾元重寶	qián yuán zhòng bǎo	758–762	Suzong

Local issues

List of local issue cash coins of the Tang dynasty:

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Hanyu Pinyin	Approximate years of production	Place of mintage	Emperor	Image
Dali Yuanbao	大曆元寶	dà lì yuánbǎo	766–779	Kucha area, Protectorate General to Pacify the West	Daizong
Da	大	dà	766–779	Kucha area, Protectorate General to Pacify the West	Daizong
Yuan	元	yuán	766–779	Kucha area, Protectorate General to Pacify the West	Daizong
Jianzhong Tongbao	建中通寶	jiàn zhōng tōng bǎo	780–783	Kucha area, Protectorate General to Pacify the West	Dezong
Zhong	中	zhōng	780–783	Kucha area, Protectorate General to Pacify the West	Dezong
Xiantong Xuanbao	咸通玄寶	xián tōng xuán bǎo	860–874	Guiyang Inspectorate	Yizong
Gaochang Jili	高昌吉利	Gāochāng jí lì	860–874	Gaochang	Yizong

Yan dynasty

List of cash coins issued by the Great Yan dynasty during the An Lushan Rebellion:

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Hanyu Pinyin	Years of production	Emperor	Image
Deyi Yuanbao	得壹元寶	de yī yuánbǎo	758	Shi Siming
Shuntian Yuanbao	順天元寶	shùn tiān yuánbǎo	759–761	Shi Siming

Uyghur Khaganate

The Uyghur Khaganate manufactured a cash coin with an Old Uyghur inscription under the reign of Boquq Khagan. A later cash coin is known to have been cast by the Uyghurs but it is not known when it was manufactured.

Inscription	Inscription	Approximate years of production	Khagan	Image
Köl bilgä Tängri Boquq Uiğur qağan	Il tutmiš yarliğinga	795–808	Boquq Khagan
Iduq yarliq yurisun		Unknown	Unknown

The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms

Later Liang dynasty

List of cash coins produced by the Later Liang dynasty :

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Hanyu Pinyin	Years of production	Emperor	Image
Kaiping Tongbao	開平通寶	kāipíng tōng bǎo	907	Zhu Wen

Later Tang dynasty

List of cash coins produced by the Later Tang dynasty :

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Hanyu Pinyin	Years of production	Emperor	Image
Tiancheng Yuanbao	天成元寶	tiānchéng yuánbǎo	926–929	Ming

Later Jin dynasty (936–947)

List of cash coins produced by the Later Jin dynasty :

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Hanyu Pinyin	Years of production	Emperor	Image
Tianfu Yuanbao	天福元寶	tiānfú yuánbǎo	938	Gao Zong

Later Han dynasty

List of cash coins produced by the Later Han dynasty :

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Hanyu Pinyin	Years of production	Emperor	Image
Hanyuan Tongbao	漢元通寶	hàn yuán tōng bǎo	948	Gao Zu

Later Zhou dynasty

List of cash coins produced by the Later Zhou dynasty :

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Hanyu Pinyin	Years of production	Emperor	Image
Zhouyuan Tongbao	周元通寶	zhōuyuán tōng bǎo	955–960	Shi Zong

Former Shu

List of cash coins attributed to the Former Shu Kingdom :

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Hanyu Pinyin	Years of production	King	Image
Yongping Yuanbao	永平元寶	yǒng píng yuánbǎo	911–915	Wang Jian
Tongzheng Yuanbao	通正元寶	tōng zhèng yuánbǎo	916	Wang Jian
Tianhan Yuanbao	天漢元寶	tiānhàn yuánbǎo	917	Wang Jian
Guangtian Yuanbao	光天元寶	guāng tiān yuánbǎo	918	Wang Jian
Qiande Yuanbao	乾德元寶	qián dé yuánbǎo	919–924	Wang Zongyan
Xiankang Yuanbao	咸康元寶	xián kāng yuánbǎo	925	Wang Zongyan

Kingdom of Min

List of cash coins attributed to the Kingdom of Min :

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Hanyu Pinyin	Differentiating features and notes	Years of production	Monarch	Image
Kaiyuan Tongbao	開元通寶	kāiyuán tōng bǎo	A small lead Kai Yuan coin was minted in Ninghua County of Dingzhou Prefecture in Fujian Province, where deposits of lead had been discovered. The lead coins circulated together with copper coins.	916	Wang Shenzhi
Kaiyuan Tongbao	開元通寶	kāiyuán tōng bǎo	These cash coins have a large dot above on the reverse side. They are made of iron and the same coin cast in bronze is extremely rare.	922	Wang Shenzhi
Kaiyuan Tongbao	開元通寶	kāiyuán tōng bǎo	These cash coins have the character Min on the reverse. They are from the Fujian region and made of lead.		Wang Shenzhi
Kaiyuan Tongbao	開元通寶	kāiyuán tōng bǎo	These cash coins have the character Fu on the reverse in reference to Fuzhou. They are made of lead.		Wang Shenzhi
Yonglong Tongbao	永隆通寶	yǒnglóng tōng bǎo	These iron cash coins have the character Min on the reverse and comes from the Fujian region. There is a crescent below. One of these large Yonglong Tongbao coins was worth 10 small coins and 100 lead coins. A string of 500 of these poorly made Min iron coins were popularly called a kao.	942	Wang Yanxi
Tiande Tongbao	天德通寶	tiān dé tōng bǎo	These cash coins are made of iron.	944	Wang Yanzheng

Kingdom of Chu

List of cash coins attributed to the Kingdom of Chu :

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Hanyu Pinyin	Differentiating features and notes	Years of production	Monarch	Image
Tiance Fubao	天策府寶	tiān cè fǔ bǎo	These cash coins are made of iron.	911	Supreme Commander Ma Yin
Qianfeng Quanbao	乾封泉寶	qiān fēng quán bǎo	These cash coins are made of iron. According to the histories, because there was much lead and iron in Hunan, Ma Yin took the advice of his minister Gao Yu to cast lead and iron coins at Changsha in 925. Extremely rare bronze specimens are also known.	925	King Wumu of Chu
Qianyuan Zhongbao	乾元重寶	qiān yuán zhòng bǎo	These cash coins bear an inscription that is also found on Tang coins. This small lead coin is thought to have been issued by the Chu kingdom. Similar bronze coins are sometimes attributed to Ma Yin, but could be funerary items.	Unknown	Ma Yin

Later Shu

Cash coins produced by the Later Shu include:

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Hanyu Pinyin	Differentiating features	Years of production	Monarch	Image
Dashu Tongbao	大蜀通寶	dà shǔ tōng bǎo	These cash coins are attributed to Meng Zhixiang when he became Emperor Gao Zu of Shu in Chengdu in 934. He died three months later. Despite its rarity, some say this coin continued to be cast by his son, Meng Chang, until 937.	934	Gao Zu
Guangzheng Tongbao	廣政通寶	guǎng zhèng tōng bǎo	These cash coins are either made of bronze or iron. The bronze coins were cast by Meng Chang from the beginning of this period, 938. In 956, iron coins began to be cast to cover additional military expenses.	938–963	Meng Chang

Southern Tang Kingdom

Cash coins manufactured by the Southern Tang Kingdom include:

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Hanyu Pinyin	Differentiating features	Years of production	Monarch	Image
Daqi Tongbao	大齊通寶	dà qí tōng bǎo	These cash coins were said to have been cast by the Prince of Qi or by the founder of the Southern Tang with the original name of the Tang kingdom. Only two specimens were known, and these have now disappeared.	937	Xu Zhigao
Baoda Yuanbao	保大元寶	bǎo dà yuán bǎo	This cash coin has on its reverse the character Tian above. They are made of iron and date between. There is also an extremely rare bronze example of this coin.	943–957	Yuan Zong
Yongtong Quanhuo	永通泉貨	yǒng tōng quán huò		959–964	Yuan Zong
Tangguo Tongbao	唐國通寶	tang guó tōng bǎo	The inscriptions of these cash coins could be written in seal, li, and regular script.	959	Yuan Zong
Datang Tongbao	大唐通寶	dà táng tōng bǎo	These coins are all written in li script.	959	Yuan Zong
Kaiyuan Tongbao	開元通寶	kāiyuán tōng bǎo	These versions of the Kaiyuan Tongbao are written in li script and have broader rims.	961	Li Yu

Southern Han Kingdom

The cash coins produced by the Southern Han dynasty were:

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Hanyu Pinyin	Differentiating features	Years of production	Monarch	Image
Kaiping Yuanbao	開平元寶	kāi píng yuán bǎo	These cash coins were made from lead.	907–910	Liu Yin
Qianheng Tongbao	乾亨通寶	gān hēng tōng bǎo		917–942	Lie Zu
Qianheng Zhongbao	乾亨重寶	gān hēng zhòng bǎo	These cash coins were made from bronze and lead.	917–942	Lie Zu

Crude lead coins

Crude lead cash coins attributed to the Southern Han/Chu area :

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Hanyu Pinyin	Differentiating features	Image
Kaiyuan Tongbao	開元通寶	kāiyuán tōng bǎo	These cash coins are based on Tang Dynasty coins. They have a local style with numerous reverse inscriptions which are apparently series numbers.

There is a very great variety of such coins; some have crescents on the reverse. The Kai character sometimes looks like yong. Characters and legends often reversed because the incompetent workmen had not mastered the art of engraving in negative to make the moulds. Some specimens have meaningless characters.
Cash coins with hybrid inscriptions from this same area:

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Hanyu Pinyin	Image
Wu Wu	五五	wǔ wǔ
Wu Wu Wu	五五五	wǔ wǔ wǔ
Wu Wu Wu Wu	五五五五	wǔ wǔ wǔ wǔ
Wu Zhu	五朱	wǔ zhū
Kai Yuan Wu Wu	開元五五	kāiyuán wǔ wǔ

These cash coins are typical of the hybrid inscriptions formed by combinations of inappropriate characters. They also have series numbers on the reverse. Note that the radical "" is missing from this Wu Zhu coin. One variant of the Wu Wu coin has the Xin dynasty inscription Huo Quan on its reverse.

You Zhou Autonomous Region

The following cash coins were produced in the You Zhou Autonomous region between 900 and 914:

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Hanyu Pinyin	Differentiating features	Image
Yong An Yi Shi	永安一十	yǒng'ān yīshí
Yong An Yi Bai	永安一百	yǒng'ān yībǎi
Yong An Wu Bai	永安五百	yǒng'ān wǔbǎi
Yong An Yi Qian	永安一千	yǒng'ān yīqiān	These cash coins are found in either bronze or iron.
Wu Zhu	五銖	wǔ zhū	These Wu Zhu cash coins are made from iron.
Huo Bu San Bai	貨布三百	huò bù sānbǎi
Shuntian Yuanbao	順天元寶	shùn tiān yuánbǎo	Are made from iron. These poorly made coins are imitations of coins of previous regimes and are attributed to the You Zhou.

Liao dynasty

coins can be read top-right-bottom-left, but unlike the Song's coinage never appeared top-bottom-right-left. Liao dynasty era cash coins have appeared in both Chinese and Khitan scripts, but the latter can more accurately be described as a type of Chinese numismatic charms as they weren't meant for circulation.
List of cash coins produced by the Khitans under the Liao dynasty:

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Simplified Chinese	Years of minting	Emperor	Image
Tian Xian Tong Bao	天顯通寶	天显通宝	927–937	Taizong
Tian Chao Wan Shun	天朝萬順	天朝万顺	？	?
Qian Qiu Wan Sui	千秋萬歲	千秋万岁	938	Taizong
Hui Tong Tong Bao	會同通寶	会同通宝	938–947	Taizong
Tian Lu Tong Bao	天祿通寶	天禄通宝	947–951	Shizong
Ying Li Tong Bao	應曆通寶	应历通宝	951–969	Muzong
Bao Ning Tong Bao	保寧通寶	保宁通宝	969–982	Jingzong
Tong He Yuan Bao	統和元寶	統和元宝	983–1011	Shengzong
Chong Xi Tong Bao	重熙通寶	重熙通宝	1032–1055	Xingzong
Qing Ning Tong Bao	清寧通寶	清宁通宝	1055–1064	Daozong
Xian Yong Tong Bao	咸雍通寶	咸雍通宝	1065–1074	Daozong
Da Kang Tong Bao	大康通寶	大康通宝	1074–1084	Daozong
Da Kang Yuan Bao	大康元寶	大康元宝	1074–1084	Daozong
Da An Yuan Bao	大安元寶	大安元宝	1085–1094	Daozong
Shou Chang Yuan Bao	壽昌元寶	寿昌元宝	1095–1101	Daozong
Qian Tong Yuan Bao	乾統元寶	乾统元宝	1101–1110	Tianzuo
Tian Qing Yuan Bao	天慶元寶	天庆元宝	1111–1120	Tianzuo

Northern Song dynasty

The cash coins of the Song dynasty are notable in the aspect that many cash coins of the same era that use the same inscription and have the same nominal value come in multiple Chinese calligraphic fonts. Many Emperors of the Song dynasty personally wrote the calligraphy to be inscribed on the cash coin. There are generally three scripts used on Song dynasty era cash coins which include Regular script, Seal script, and Running hand script/Grass script. The reading order of Song dynasty era cash coins exist in top-bottom-right-left and top-right-bottom-left orders.
List of cash coins produced by the Northern Song dynasty:

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Simplified Chinese	Scripts	Period minted	Emperor	Image
Song Yuan Tong Bao	宋元通寶	宋元通宝	Regular script	960–976	Taizu
Tai Ping Tong Bao	太平通寶	太平通宝	Regular script	976–989	Taizong
Chun Hua Yuan Bao	淳化元寶	淳化元宝	Regular script, Seal script, Running script	990–994	Taizong
Zhi Dao Yuan Bao	至道元寶	至道元宝	Regular script, Grass script, Running script	995–997	Taizong
Xian Ping Yuan Bao	咸平元寶	咸平元宝	Regular script	998–1003	Zhenzong
Jing De Yuan Bao	景德元寶	景德元宝	Regular script	1004–1007	Zhenzong
Xiang Fu Tong Bao	祥符通寶	祥符通宝	Regular script, Running script	1008–1016	Zhenzong
Xiang Fu Yuan Bao	祥符元寶	祥符元宝	Regular script	1008–1016	Zhenzong
Tian Xi Tong Bao	天禧通寶	天禧通宝	Regular script	1017–1022	Zhenzong
Tian Sheng Yuan Bao	天聖元寶	天圣元宝	Regular script, Seal script	1023–1031	Renzong
Ming Dao Yuan Bao	明道元寶	明道元宝	Regular script, Seal script	1032–1033	Renzong
Jing You Yuan Bao	景祐元寶	景祐元宝	Regular script, Seal script	1034–1038	Renzong
Huang Song Tong Bao	皇宋通寶	皇宋通宝	Regular script, Seal script, Nine-fold seal script	1039–1054	Renzong
Kang Ding Yuan Bao	康定元寶	康定元宝	Regular script	1040	Renzong
Qing Li Zhong Bao	慶歷重寶	庆历重宝	Regular script	1041–1048	Renzong
Zhi he Tong Bao	至和通寶	至和通宝	Regular script, Seal script	1054–1055	Renzong
Zhi he Yuan Bao	至和元寶	至和元宝	Regular script, Seal script	1054–1055	Renzong
Zhi he Zhong Bao	至和重寶	至和重宝	Regular script, Seal script	1054–1055	Renzong
Jia You Tong Bao	嘉祐通寶	嘉祐通宝	Regular script, Seal script	1056–1063	Renzong
Jia You Yuan Bao	嘉祐元寶	嘉祐元宝	Regular script, Seal script	1056–1063	Renzong
Zhi Ping Tong Bao	治平通寶	治平通宝	Regular script, Seal script	1064–1067	Yingzong
Zhi Ping Yuan Bao	治平元寶	治平元宝	Regular script, Seal script	1064–1067	Yingzong
Xi Ning Tong Bao	熙寧通寶	熙宁通宝	Regular script, Seal script	1068–1077	Shenzong
Xi Ning Yuan Bao	熙寧元寶	熙宁元宝	Regular script, Seal script	1068–1077	Shenzong
Xi Ning Zhong Bao	熙寧重寶	熙宁重宝	Regular script, Seal script	1068–1077	Shenzong
Yuan Feng Tong Bao	元豐通寶	元丰通宝	Regular script, Seal script, Running script	1078–1085	Shenzong
Yuan You Tong Bao	元祐通寶	元祐通宝	Seal script, Running script	1086–1094	Zhezong
Shao Sheng Tong Bao	紹聖通寶	绍圣通宝	Regular script, Seal script, Running script	1094–1098	Zhezong
Shao Sheng Yuan Bao	紹聖元寶	绍圣元宝	Regular script, Seal script, Running script	1094–1098	Zhezong
Yuan Fu Tong Bao	元符通寶	元符通宝	Regular script, Seal script, Running script	1098–1100	Zhezong
Jian Guo Tong Bao	建國通寶	建国通宝	Regular script, Seal script	1101	Huizong
Sheng Song Tong Bao	聖宋通寶	圣宋通宝	Regular script, Seal script	1101–1106	Huizong
Sheng Song Yuan Bao	聖宋元寶	圣宋元宝	Clerical script, Seal script, Running script	1101–1106	Huizong
Chong Ning Tong Bao	崇寧通寶	崇宁通宝	Regular script	1102–1106	Huizong
Chong Ning Yuan Bao	崇寧元寶	崇宁元宝	Regular script	1102–1106	Huizong
Chong Ning Zhong Bao	崇寧重寶	崇宁重宝	Regular script	1102–1106	Huizong
Da Guan Tong Bao	大觀通寶	大观通宝	Regular script	1107–1110	Huizong
Zheng He Tong Bao	政和通寶	政和通宝	Regular script, Seal script	1111–1117	Huizong
Chong He Tong Bao	重和通寶	重和通宝	Regular script, Seal script	1118–1119	Huizong
Xuan He Tong Bao	宣和通寶	宣和通宝	Regular script, Seal script	1119–1125	Huizong
Xuan He Yuan Bao	宣和元寶	宣和元宝	Regular script, Seal script	1119–1125	Huizong
Jing Kang Tong Bao	靖康通寶	靖康通宝	Regular script, Seal script	1126–1127	Qinzong
Jing Kang Yuan Bao	靖康元寶	靖康元宝	Regular script, Seal script	1126–1127	Qinzong

Sui ethnic minority during the Northern Song dynasty

In 2004 a coin produced by the Sui people of Guizhou was discovered dating to the Northern Song dynasty most likely produced between 1008 and 1016, this coin had the inscription dà zhōng xiáng fú on one side and the word "wealth" written in Sui script on the other side, as this is the only known coin produced by the Sui people it established that they don't have a numismatic tradition like the Han Chinese have.

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Years of production	Emperor	Image
Dazhong Xiangfu	大中祥符	1008–1016	Zhenzong

Great Shu Kingdom

In the year 993 a group of tea farmers and landless tenant farmers under the leadership if Wang Xiaobo rebelled against the Northern Song dynasty, in the year 994 after Wang Xiaobo died his brother-in-law Li Shun proclaimed himself to be the "King of the Great Shu Kingdom" in Chengdu after he captured the city. Li Shun was defeated and killed in the year 995. During his period he used the reign era and produced cash coins with this "Yingyun" inscription while after his death his former subordinates used the Yinggan inscription.
List of cash coins issued by the Great Shu Kingdom:

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Simplified Chinese	King	Image
Yingyun Tongbao	應運通寶	应运通宝	Li Shun
Yingyun Yuanbao	應運元寶	应运元宝	Li Shun
Yinggan Tongbao	應感通寶	应感通宝	-

Southern Song dynasty

Under the Southern Song dynasty it became customary to add the date of issue on the reverse of the coin and as copper shortages and phenomena known as "currency famines" plagued the land both iron cash coins and paper money became more common leading to a decline of the production of bronze coinage.
List of cash coins produced by the Southern Song dynasty:

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Simplified Chinese	Scripts	Period minted	Emperor	Image
Jianyan Tongbao	建炎通寶	建炎通宝	Regular script, Seal script	1127–1130	Gaozong
Jianyan Yuanbao	建炎元寶	建炎元宝	Regular script, Seal script	1127–1130	Gaozong
Jianyan Zhongbao	建炎重寶	建炎重宝	Seal script	1127–1130	Gaozong
Shaoxing Tongbao	紹興通寶	绍兴通宝	Regular script, Seal script	1131–1162	Gaozong
Shaoxing Yuanbao	紹興元寶	绍兴元宝	Regular script	1131–1162	Gaozong
Longxing Tongbao	隆興通寶	隆兴通宝	Regular script, Seal script	1163–1164	Xiaozong
Longxing Yuanbao	隆興元寶	隆兴元宝	Regular script, Seal script	1163–1164	Xiaozong
Qiandao Tongbao	乾道通寶	干道通宝	Regular script	1165–1173	Xiaozong
Qiandao Yuanbao	乾道元寶	干道元宝	Regular script	1165–1173	Xiaozong
Chunxi Tongbao	淳熙通寶	淳熙通宝	Regular script	1174–1189	Xiaozong
Chunxi Yuanbao	淳熙元寶	淳熙元宝	Regular script, Seal script	1174–1189	Xiaozong
Shaoxi Tongbao	紹熙通寶	绍熙通宝	Regular script, Seal script	1190–1194	Guangzong
Shaoxi Yuanbao	紹熙元寶	绍熙元宝	Regular script, Seal script	1190–1194	Guangzong
Qingyuan Tongbao	慶元通寶	庆元通宝	Regular script	1195–1200	Ningzong
Qingyuan Yuanbao	慶元元寶	庆元元宝	Regular script	1195–1200	Ningzong
Jiatai Tongbao	嘉泰通寶	嘉泰通宝	Regular script	1201–1204	Ningzong
Jiatai Yuanbao	嘉泰元寶	嘉泰元宝	Regular script	1201–1204	Ningzong
Kaixi Tongbao	開禧通寶	开禧通宝	Regular script	1205–1207	Ningzong
Kaixi Yuanbao	開禧元寶	开禧元宝	Regular script	1205–1207	Ningzong
Shengsong Yuanbao	聖宋元寶	圣宋元宝	Regular script	1210	Ningzong
Shengsong Zhongbao	聖宋重寶	圣宋重宝	Regular script	1210	Ningzong
Jiading Tongbao	嘉定通寶	嘉定通宝	Regular script	1208–1224	Ningzong
Jiading Zhongbao	嘉定重寶	嘉定重宝	Regular script, seal script	1208–1224	Ningzong
Jiading Yuanbao	嘉定元寶	嘉定元宝	Regular script	1208–1224	Ningzong
Jiading Dabao	嘉定大寶	嘉定大宝	Regular script	1208–1224	Ningzong
Jiading Chongbao	嘉定崇寶	嘉定崇宝	Regular script	1208–1224	Ningzong
Jiading Quanbao	嘉定全寶	嘉定全宝	Regular script	1208–1224	Ningzong
Jiading Yongbao	嘉定永寶	嘉定永宝	Regular script	1208–1224	Ningzong
Jiading Zhenbao	嘉定真寶	嘉定真宝	Regular script	1208–1224	Ningzong
Jiading Xinbao	嘉定新寶	嘉定新宝	Regular script	1208–1224	Ningzong
Jiading Anbao	嘉定安寶	嘉定安宝	Regular script	1208–1224	Ningzong
Jiading Longbao	嘉定隆寶	嘉定隆宝	Regular script	1208–1224	Ningzong
Jiading Quanbao	嘉定泉寶	嘉定泉宝	Regular script	1208–1224	Ningzong
Jiading Zhengbao	嘉定正寶	嘉定正宝	Regular script	1208–1224	Ningzong
Jiading Hongbao	嘉定洪寶	嘉定洪宝	Regular script	1208–1224	Ningzong
Jiading Wanbao	嘉定万寶	嘉定万宝	Regular script	1208–1224	Ningzong
Jiading Zhibao	嘉定之寶	嘉定之宝	Regular script	1208–1224	Ningzong
Jiading Zhenbao	嘉定珍寶	嘉定珍宝	Regular script	1208–1224	Ningzong
Jiading Xingbao	嘉定興寶	嘉定兴宝	Regular script	1208–1224	Ningzong
Jiading Yongbao	嘉定用寶	嘉定用宝	Regular script	1208–1224	Ningzong
Jiading Zhibao	嘉定至寶	嘉定至宝	Regular script	1208–1224	Ningzong
Jiading Fengbao	嘉定封寶	嘉定封宝	Regular script	1208–1224	Ningzong
Baoqing Yuanbao	寶慶元寶	宝庆元宝	Regular script	1225–1227	Lizong
Dasong Tongbao	大宋通寶	大宋通宝	Regular script	1225	Lizong
Dasong Yuanbao	大宋元寶	大宋元宝	Regular script	1225–1227	Lizong
Shaoding Tongbao	紹定通寶	绍定通宝	Regular script	1228–1233	Lizong
Shaoding Yuanbao	紹定元寶	绍定元宝	Regular script	1228–1233	Lizong
Duanping Tongbao	端平通寶	端平通宝	Regular script	1234–1236	Lizong
Duanping Yuanbao	端平元寶	端平元宝	Regular script	1234–1236	Lizong
Duanping Zhongbao	端平重寶	端平重宝	Regular script	1234–1236	Lizong
Jiaxi Tongbao	嘉熙通寶	嘉熙通宝	Regular script	1237–1240	Lizong
Jiaxi Zhongbao	嘉熙重寶	嘉熙重宝	Regular script	1237–1240	Lizong
Chunyou Tongbao	淳祐通寶	淳祐通宝	Regular script	1241–1252	Lizong
Chunyou Yuanbao	淳祐元寶	淳祐元宝	Regular script	1241–1252	Lizong
Huangsong Yuanbao	皇宋元寶	皇宋元宝	Regular script	1253–1258	Lizong
Kaiqing Tongbao	開慶通寶	开庆通宝	Regular script	1259	Lizong
Jingding Yuanbao	景定元寶	景定元宝	Regular script	1260–1264	Lizong
Xianchun Yuanbao	咸淳元寶	咸淳元宝	Regular script	1265–1274	Duzong

The Southern Song dynasty General Liu Guangshi also cast special cash coins with the inscription "Zhaona Xinbao" to recruit Jin soldiers and allow them to defect to the Song Army, however these weren't meant for circulation.

Northern Liao dynasty

A number of cash coins were reported to have the reign titles of Northern Liao dynasty emperors, however as no historical records mention them the authenticity of these coins has been called into question.
List of cash coins presumably issued by the Khitan Northern Liao dynasty:

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Simplified Chinese	Years of production	Emperor	Image
Jianfu Yuanbao	建福元寳	建福元宝	1122	Xuanzong
Dexing Tongbao	德興通寳	德兴通宝	1122–1123	Yelü Yali
Dexing Yuanbao	德興元寳	德兴元宝	1122–1123	Yelü Yali
Shenli Tongbao	神曆通寳	神历通宝	1123	Yingzong
Shenli Yuanbao	神曆元寳	神历元宝	1123	Yingzong

Western Liao dynasty (Qara Khitai Khanate)

In November 2008, October 2010, and February 2011 three specimens of cash coins produced by the Qara Khitai Khanate were unearthed in Kyrgyzstan, the first specimen of these cash coins were initially thought to bear the inscription "Jixing Yuanbao" but after the second one was unearthed its inscription was better understood.

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Simplified Chinese	Hanyu Pinyin	Presumed years of production	Presumed Khan	Image
Xuxing Yuanbao	續興元寳	续兴元宝	xù xìng yuán bǎo	1150-1164	Yelü Yilie

Western Xia dynasty

The Tangut Western Xia dynasty produced both cash coins with Chinese and Tangut inscriptions. Despite issuing coins the economy of the Tangut Empire mostly relied on barter which is why Western Xia era coins today are rare.

With Tangut inscriptions

Coins with Tangut inscriptions:

Inscription	Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Simplified Chinese	Years of casting	Emperor	Image
śjɨj ljo ljɨ̣ dzjɨj	Fu Sheng Bao Qian	福聖寶錢	福圣宝钱	1053–1056	Yizong
tha nej ljɨ̣ dzjɨj	Da An Bao Qian	大安寶錢	大安宝钱	1074–1084	Huizong
tśhja bio̲ ljɨ̣ dzjɨj	Zhen Guan Bao Qian	貞觀寶錢	贞观宝钱	1101–1113	Chongzong
tśhja mji̲ ljɨ̣ dzjɨj	Zheng De Bao Qian	正德寶錢	正德宝钱	1127–1134	Chongzong
tshjwu ꞏwu ljɨ̣ dzjɨj	Qian You Bao Qian	乾祐寶錢	乾祐宝钱	1170–1193	Renzong
ŋwər ljwu ljɨ̣ dzjɨj	Tian Qing Bao Qian	天慶寶錢	天庆宝钱	1194–1206	Huanzong

With Chinese inscriptions

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Simplified Chinese	Script	Years of casting	Emperor	Image
Da An Tong Bao	大安通寶	大安通宝	Clerical script	1074–1084	Huizong
Yuan De Tong Bao	元德通寶	元德通宝	Clerical script	1119–1126	Chongzong
Da De Tong Bao	大德通寶	大德通宝	Regular script	1135–1139	Chongzong
Tian Sheng Yuan Bao	天盛元寶	天盛元宝	Regular script	1149–1169	Renzong
Qian You Yuan Bao	乾祐元寶	乾祐元宝	Regular script, Semi-cursive script, Seal script	1170–1193	Renzong
Tian Qing Yuan Bao	天慶元寶	天庆元宝	Regular script	1194–1206	Huanzong
Huang Jian Yuan Bao	皇建元寶	皇建元宝	Regular script	1210–1211	Xiangzong
Guang Ding Yuan Bao	光定元寶	光定元宝	Semi-cursive script, Seal script	1211–1223	Shenzong

Jin dynasty (1115–1234)

Cash coins produced by the Jurchen Jin dynasty compared to earlier Liao dynasty coinage are both of higher quality, and quantity; this is because the Jurchens chose to model their coins more closely after the Song's both in production as superficially in its calligraphic style.
List of cash coins produced by the Jurchen Jin dynasty:

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Simplified Chinese	Scripts	Years of minting	Emperor	Image
Zheng Long Yuan Bao	正隆元寶	正隆元宝	Regular script	1158–1161	Wanyan Liang
Da Ding Tong Bao	大定通寶	大定通宝	Regular script	1178–1189	Shizong
Tai He Tong Bao	泰和通寶	泰和通宝	Regular script	1204–1209	Zhangzong
Tai He Zhong Bao	泰和重寶	泰和重宝	Regular script, Seal script	1204–1209	Zhangzong
Chong Qing Tong Bao	崇慶通寶	崇庆通宝	Regular script	1212–1213	Wanyan Yongji
Chong Qing Yuan Bao	崇慶元寶	崇庆元宝	Regular script	1212–1213	Wanyan Yongji
Zhi Ning Yuan Bao	至寧元寶	至宁元宝	Regular script	1213	Wanyan Yongji
Zhen You Tong Bao	貞祐通寶	贞祐通宝	Regular script	1213–1216	Xuanzong
Zhen You Yuan Bao	貞祐元寶	贞祐元宝	Regular script	1213–1216	Xuanzong

Li Pobei

During a Jurchen invasion that occurred in November 1125, Li Pobei took advantage of this situation and rebelled against the Northern Song dynasty. He is known to have cast cash coins with the inscription "Taiping Tongbao".

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Simplified Chinese	Denominations	Years of production	Leader	Image
Taiping Tongbao	太平通寶	太平通宝	1 wén, 2 wén, 5 wén	1127–1130	Li Pobei

Great Qi dynasty

In 1130 during the Jin–Song Wars the Jin dynasty had set up a second puppet state called “Da Qi”, this puppet state briefly produced its own coins until it was defeated by the Song in 1137.
Coins produced by the brief Jurchen vassal state include:

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Simplified Chinese	Script	Emperor	Image
Fu Chang Tong Bao	阜昌通寶	阜昌通宝	Regular script, Seal script	Liu Yu
Fu Chang Yuan Bao	阜昌元寶	阜昌元宝	Regular script, Seal script	Liu Yu
Fu Chang Zhong Bao	阜昌重寶	阜昌重宝	Regular script, Seal script	Liu Yu

Eastern Xia dynasty

During a coin hoard in the Russian Far East in 2011 seven cash coins were discovered that bore an inscription which was previously unknown, these coins bore a title alluding to a rebel state that was founded during the Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty.
List of cash coins issued by the Jurchen Eastern Xia dynasty:

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Simplified Chinese	Hanyu Pinyin	Presumed years of production	Heavenly King	Image
Dongzhen Xingbao	東眞興寶	东真兴宝	dōng zhēn xìng bǎo	1215–1233	Puxian Wannu

Mongol Empire (prior to the establishment of the Yuan dynasty)

Cash coins issued by the Mongols before 1230:

Obverse inscription	Reverse	Notes	Image
大朝通寶	Unknown Arabic characters	This coins was possibly cast between 1206 and 1227 in Karakorum by Genghis Khan as "大朝" was a name the Mongols gave themselves. The coin is mostly found made from silver although copper variants exist.
大朝金合	Blank	The attribution of this coins to the Mongols is doubtful as the name "大朝" was used by various countries that bordered China. This coin was first mentioned in the Record of Coins which was published around 1094. Peng Xinwei attributes this coin to the Liao dynasty.
支鈔半分	Blank	Zhichao Banfen could be translated as "Exchange for paper money half a fen ". The inscription could alternatively read Jiaochao Banfen.

Cash coins issued by the Mongol Empire while it occupied Jin dynasty territory :

Obverse inscription	Reverse	Notes	Image
大觀通寶	Blank	This cash coins has rather broad rims.
大觀通寶	中	The "中" is written in seal script and is above the square center hole on the reverse.
大觀通寶	半錢	The reverse inscription indicates that this cash coin had a nominal value of half a qián of silver.
大觀通寶	Blank	This is a cash coin of diminutive size with the Chinese character "觀" written in an imperfect way.
大觀通寶	Dot pattern	The reverse of this coin is completely covered with dots.
大觀通寶	Blank	The inscription is written in a very barbarous manner.

Yuan dynasty

Under Mongol rule paper money such as the Jiaochao completely replaced copper coinage, during times of inflation Temple coins issued by Buddhist temples became the de facto currency. Under Külüg Khan a large number of cash coins were issued to pay for the state's expenditures but these got phased out in favour of paper currency, it wasn't until the reign of Toghon Temür that the Mongols attempted to produce cash coins at a large scale again.
List of cash coins issued by the Mongols during Yuan dynasty:

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Script	Khagan	Emperor	Image
Zhongtong Yuanbao	中統元寶	Chinese script, Mongol script	Kublai Khan	Shìzǔ
Zhiyuan Tongbao	至元通寶	Chinese script, 'Phags-pa script	Kublai Khan	Shìzǔ
Yuanzhen Tongbao	元貞通寶	Chinese script, 'Phags-pa script	Temür Khan	Chéngzōng
Yuanzhen Yuanbao	元貞元寶	Chinese script, Mongol script	Temür Khan	Chéngzōng
Dade Tongbao	大德通寶	Chinese script, 'Phags-pa script, Mongol script	Temür Khan	Chéngzōng
Zhida Tongbao	至大通寶	Chinese script, 'Phags-pa script, Mongol script	Külüg Khan	Wǔzōng
Zhida Yuanbao	至大元寶	Chinese script	Külüg Khan	Wǔzōng
Dayuan Tongbao	大元通寶	Chinese script, 'Phags-pa script, Mongol script	Külüg Khan	Wǔzōng
Huangqing Yuanbao	皇慶元寶	Chinese script	Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan	Rénzōng
Yanyou Tongbao	延祐通寶	Chinese script	Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan	Rénzōng
Yanyou Yuanbao	延祐元寶	Chinese script	Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan	Rénzōng
Zhizhi Tongbao	至治通寶	Chinese script	Gegeen Khan	Yīngzōng
Zhizhi Yuanbao	至治元寶	Chinese script	Gegeen Khan	Yīngzōng
Taiding Tongbao	泰定通寶	Chinese script	Yesün Temür	Jìnzōng
Taiding Yuanbao	泰定元寶	Chinese script	Yesün Temür	Jìnzōng
Zhihe Yuanbao	致和元寶	Chinese script	Yesün Temür	Jìnzōng
Tianli Yuanbao	天曆元寶	Chinese script	Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür	Wénzōng
Zhishun Yuanbao	至順元寶	Chinese script	Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür	Wénzōng
Yuantong Yuanbao	元統元寶	Chinese script	Toghon Temür	Huìzōng
Zhiyuan Tongbao	至元通寶	Chinese script, Mongol script, Uighur script, Jurchen script, Tangut script	Toghon Temür	Huìzōng
Zhiyuan Yuanbao	至元元寶	Chinese script	Toghon Temür	Huìzōng
Muqing Tongbao	穆清銅寶	Chinese script	Toghon Temür	Huìzōng
Zhizheng Tongbao	至正通寶	Chinese script, 'Phags-pa script, Mongol script	Toghon Temür	Huìzōng
Zhizheng Zhibao	至正之寶	Chinese script	Toghon Temür	Huìzōng

Rebels of the Yuan dynasty

During the Red Turban rebellion organised by the White Lotus society; many of its leaders proclaimed their own kingdoms and empires that ruled over different regions of China, the most successful of these was Zhu Yuanzhang's Ming dynasty which would unify China. Though the majority of these countries were short-lived some did produce their own coinage.

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Simplified Chinese	Denominations	Years of mintage	Monarch	Rebel faction	Image
Longfeng Tongbao	龍鳳通寶	龙凤通宝	1文, 2文, 3文, 5文	1355–1366	Han Lin’er	Early Red Turban rebellion
Tianyou Tongbao	天祐通寶	天祐通宝	1文, 2文, 3文, 5文	1354–1357	Zhang Shicheng	Kingdom of Great Zhou
Tianqi Tongbao	天啟通寶	天启通宝	1文, 2文, 3文	1358	Xu Shouhui	Tianwan
Tianding Tongbao	天定通寶	天定通宝	1文, 2文, 3文	1359–1360	Xu Shouhui	Tianwan
Dayi Tongbao	大義通寶	大义通宝	1文, 2文, 3文	1360–1361	Chen Youliang	Kingdom of Dahan

Ming dynasty

Under the Ming dynasty the policy of predominantly using paper money which was started under the Mongols would continue until 1505 when Spanish dollars and other silver coins became the dominant currency. Native production of cash coins had ceased between 1375 and 1376, from 1387 until 1379, from 1393 until 1433, and finally from 1435 until 1503.
Yongle Tongbao cash coins were mostly cast for foreign trade.
From the Ming dynasty onwards only period titles were used for coin inscriptions and these period titles would remain constant throughout the reign of an Emperor.

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Simplified Chinese	Years of production	Emperor	Image
Dazhong Tongbao	大中通寶	大中通宝	1361–1393	Zhu Yuanzhang
Hongwu Tongbao	洪武通寶	洪武通宝	1367–1393	Hongwu Emperor
Yongle Tongbao	永樂通寶	永乐通宝	1408–1424	Yongle Emperor
Xuande Tongbao	宣德通寶	宣德通宝	1426–1435	Xuande Emperor
Hongzhi Tongbao	弘治通寶	弘治通宝	1488–1505	Hongzhi Emperor
Jiajing Tongbao	嘉靖通寶	嘉靖通宝	1527–1567	Jiajing Emperor
Jiajing Anbao	嘉靖安寶	嘉靖安宝	1527–1567	Jiajing Emperor
Longqing Tongbao	隆慶通寶	隆庆通宝	1570–1572	Longqing Emperor
Wanli Tongbao	萬曆通寶	万历通宝	1572–1620	Wanli Emperor
Wanli Nianzao	萬曆年造	万历年造	1572–1620	Wanli Emperor
Taichang Tongbao	泰昌通寶	泰昌通宝	1620	Taichang Emperor
Tianqi Tongbao	天啟通寶	天启通宝	1620–1627	Tianqi Emperor
Chongzhen Tongbao	崇禎通寶	崇祯通宝	1628–1644	Chongzhen Emperor

Note that under the reign of the Zhengde Emperor no copper-alloy cash coins were minted however a very large number of Zhengde Tongbao coin amulets exist, the production of these coin-like amulets started from the late Ming dynasty period and these amulets are still being produced today.

Guizhou local issues

During the Hongzhi period from 1488 until 1505 some Tribal Commissioners in the province of Guizhou issued their own cash coins, rather than being bases on reign titles the inscriptions were based on place names.

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Simplified Chinese	Emperor	Image
Shuiguan Tongbao	水官通寶	水官通宝	Hongzhi Emperor
Taiguan Tongbao	太官通寶	太官通宝	Hongzhi Emperor
Huoguan Tongbao	火官通寶	火官通宝	Hongzhi Emperor
Dading Tongbao	大定通寶	大定通宝	Hongzhi Emperor
Taiding Tongbao	太定通寶	太定通宝	Hongzhi Emperor
Taizi Tongbao	太子通寶	太子通宝	Hongzhi Emperor

Yunnan local issues

Under the Ming dynasty the territory which used to belong to the Dali Kingdom cast their own coins, these cash coins were issued in the province of Yunnan under the reign of the Hongzhi Emperor and are known to be of poor workmanship and crude casting, it is often unknown if these cash coins were cast by the Bai people in Dali, the Hmong tribes living in the area, or one of the many other tribes that live in Yunnan as records of their casting weren't bring kept. Many of these cash coins were also cast by using regular cash coins as "mother coins" which explains their rather crude appearances.
These Yunnan local issue cash coins include:

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Simplified Chinese	Emperor	Image
Huoping Xinbao	火平信寶	火平信宝	Hongzhi Emperor
Hongwu Tongbao	洪武通寶	洪武通宝	Hongzhi Emperor
Hongzhi Tongbao	弘治通寶	弘治通宝	Hongzhi Emperor
Taiping Tongbao	太平通寶	太平通宝	Hongzhi Emperor
Dazhou Tongbao	大周通寶	大周通宝	Hongzhi Emperor
Kaiyuan Tongbao	開元通寶	开元通宝	Hongzhi Emperor

Ming-Qing transitional period

This is a list of cash coins produced during the transition from Ming to Qing.

Southern Ming dynasty

List of cash coins produced by the Southern Ming dynasty:

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Simplified Chinese	Years of production	Emperor	Image
Hongguang Tongbao	弘光通寶	弘光通宝	1644–1645	Hongguang Emperor
Daming Tongbao	大明通寶	大明通宝	1644–1646	Zhu Changfang
Longwu Tongbao	隆武通寶	隆武通宝	1645–1646	Longwu Emperor
Yongli Tongbao	永曆通寶	永历通宝	1646–1659	Yongli Emperor

Kingdom of Tungning (Taiwan)

Under Koxinga the Kingdom of Tungning had ordered Yongli Tongbao cash coins to be produced in Nagasaki, these coins circulated exclusively in Taiwan. The production of these coins lasted until 1682.

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Simplified Chinese	Years of production	Kings	Image
Yongli Tongbao	永曆通寶	永历通宝	1651–1682	All

Rebels

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Simplified Chinese	Years of production	Monarch	Image
Yongchang Tongbao	永昌通寶	永昌通宝	1644–1645	Li Zicheng
Dashun Tongbao	大順通寶	大顺通宝	1644–1647	Zhang Xianzhong
Xiwang Shanggong	西王賞功	西王赏功	1644–1647	Zhang Xianzhong
Xingchao Tongbao	興朝通寶	兴朝通宝	1648–1657	Sun Kewang
Yumin Tongbao	裕民通寶	裕民通宝	1674–1676	Geng Jingzhong
Liyong Tongbao	利用通寶	利用通宝	1674–1678	Wu Sangui
Zhaowu Tongbao	昭武通寶	昭武通宝	1678	Wu Sangui
Honghua Tongbao	洪化通寶	洪化通宝	1679–1681	Wu Shifan

Later Jin dynasty (1616–1636)

The following coins were issued by the Jurchens before the establishment of the Qing dynasty, these coins were cast when the Jurchen state was known as the Later Jin dynasty:

Inscription	Latin script	Denominations	Years of mintage	Khan	Image
	Abkai fulingga han jiha	1 wén	1616–1626	Abkai fulingga Khan
天命通寳	Tiān Mìng Tōng Bǎo	1 wén	1616–1626	Abkai fulingga Khan
	Sure han ni jiha	10 wén	1627–1643	Sure Khan

A cash coin with the inscription "Tiancong Tongbao" reported to be in the denominations of 1 wén and 10 wén has also been attributed to Hong Taiji, however the authenticity of this coin is doubtful.

Qing dynasty

Qing dynasty era cash coins generally bear the reign title of the Emperor in Chinese characters, with only a single change of reign title occurring with the Qixiang Emperor becoming the Tongzhi Emperor by decision of his mother, Empress Dowager Cixi.

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Simplified Chinese	Hànyǔ Pīnyīn	Denominations	Years of mintage	Image	Emperor
Shunzhi Tongbao	順治通寶	顺治通宝	shùn zhì tōng bǎo	1 wén	1643–1661		Shunzhi Emperor
Kangxi Tongbao	康熙通寶	康熙通宝	kāng xī tōng bǎo	1 wén	1661–1722		Kangxi Emperor
Yongzheng Tongbao	雍正通寶	雍正通宝	yōng zhèng tōng bǎo	1 wén	1722–1735		Yongzheng Emperor
Qianlong Tongbao	乾隆通寶	乾隆通宝	qián lóng tōng bǎo	1 wén, 10 wén	1735–1796		Qianlong Emperor
Jiaqing Tongbao	嘉慶通寶	嘉庆通宝	jiā qìng tōng bǎo	1 wén	1796–1820		Jiaqing Emperor
Daoguang Tongbao	道光通寶	道光通宝	dào guāng tōng bǎo	1 wén, 5 wén, 10 wén	1820–1850		Daoguang Emperor
Xianfeng Tongbao	咸豐通寶	咸丰通宝	xián fēng tōng bǎo	1 wén, 5 wén, 10 wén, 50 wén, 100 wén	1850–1861		Xianfeng Emperor
Xianfeng Zhongbao	咸豐重寶	咸丰重宝	xián fēng zhòng bǎo	4 wén, 5 wén, 8 wén, 10 wén, 20 wén, 30 wén, 40 wén, 50 wén, 100 wén	1850–1861		Xianfeng Emperor
Xianfeng Yuanbao	咸豐元寶	咸丰元宝	xián fēng yuán bǎo	80 wén, 100 wén, 200 wén, 300 wén, 500 wén, 1000 wén	1850–1861		Xianfeng Emperor
Qixiang Tongbao	祺祥通寶	祺祥通宝	qí xiáng tōng bǎo	1 wén	1861		Tongzhi Emperor
Qixiang Zhongbao	祺祥重寶	祺祥重宝	qí xiáng zhòng bǎo	10 wén	1861		Tongzhi Emperor
Tongzhi Tongbao	同治通寶	同治通宝	tóng zhì tōng bǎo	1 wén, 5 wén, 10 wén	1862–1875		Tongzhi Emperor
Tongzhi Zhongbao	同治重寶	同治重宝	tóng zhì zhòng bǎo	4 wén, 10 wén	1862–1875		Tongzhi Emperor
Guangxu Tongbao	光緒通寶	光绪通宝	guāng xù tōng bǎo	1 wén, 10 wén	1875–1908		Guangxu Emperor
Guangxu Zhongbao	光緒重寶	光绪重宝	guāng xù zhòng bǎo	5 wén, 10 wén	1875–1908		Guangxu Emperor
Xuantong Tongbao	宣統通寶	宣统通宝	xuān tǒng tōng bǎo	1 wén, 10 wén	1909–1911		Xuantong Emperor

Xinjiang issues

Certain parts of Xinjiang under Qing rule had a monetary system separate from that was separate from that of China proper, this was largely due to the fact that the area which formerly belonged to Dzungaria paid with pūl coins which were made from almost pure copper, when some these pūl coins were melted down to make "red cash coins" the pūl-system was essentially continued and 1 "red cash coin" had a value of 10 regular cash coins. Another differentiating feature of Xinjiang as a whole was that under the Jiaqing Emperor it was ordered that 1 in 5 coins produced in Xinjiang should bear the inscription Qianlong Tongbao to honour the Qianlong Emperor, and celebrate his conquest of the region. New obverse inscriptions were introduced by the Kucha mint during the early twentieth century however the production of "red cash coins" with these new inscriptions didn't last very long as they featured only two different dates from the Chinese cyclical calendar during the Guangxu era and the Kucha mint closed in 1909.
The following "red cash coins" with new inscriptions were produced by the Kucha mint in Xinjiang:

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Simplified Chinese	Denominations	Years of mintage	Emperor	Image
Guangxu Dingwei	光緒丁未	光绪丁未	10 wén	1907	Guangxu Emperor
Guangxu Wushen	光緒戊申	光绪戊申	10 wén	1908	Guangxu Emperor

Rashidin Khan Khoja

During the Dungan revolt from 1862 to 1877, Sultan Rashidin Khan Khoja proclaimed a Jihad against the Qing dynasty in 1862, he issued Chinese-style cash coins minted at the Aksu and Kucha mints with exclusive Arabic inscriptions.

Obverse inscription	Reverse inscription	Sultan	Mint	Years of production	Image
سيد غازي راشدين خان	زرب دار السلطانات كوجا	Rashidin Khan Khoja	Kucha	1864–1865
سيد غازي راشدين خان	زرب دار السلطانات كوجا	Rashidin Khan Khoja	Kucha	1865–1867
سيد غازي راشدين خان	زرب دار السلطانات أقسو	Rashidin Khan Khoja	Aksu	1864–1867

Taiping Heavenly Kingdom

In 1850 the Taiping Rebellion was started by the head of the God worshippers Hong Xiuquan who founded the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, this rebellion lasted until 1864. Although very little documentation exists about the coinage manufactured by the Taiping rebels, it is known that in June 1853 the occupying Taiping rebels ordered copper workers in Tianjing with the skills to cast coins to open new furnaces for the production of cash coins with the inscription Tianguo Shengbao that were reported to be "the size of foreign coins", these coins were reported to be of very poor workmanship and their production was quickly discontinued and although no coins fitting this description are extend it is known that Taiping rebels in other areas and provinces did cast coinage.
The following cash coins are known to have been cast by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom:

Obverse inscription	Reverse inscription	Denominations	Years of production	Image
天囯	通寳	10 wén	1853–1855
天囯	聖寶	10 wén	1856–1860
天囯聖寶	太平	1 wén	1858–1864
天囯聖寶		5 wén	1850s
太平天囯	聖寶	1 wén, 5 wén, 10 wén, 50 wén	1860–1862
天囯太平	聖寶	1 wén	1861–1864
太平聖寶	天囯	1 wén, 5 wén	1861–1864
太平聖宝	天囯		1860s
太平	聖寶		1860s

Heaven and Earth Society, Shanghai Small Swords Society, and other secret societies during the Taiping rebellion

At the time of the Taiping rebellion a large number of secret societies such as the Heaven and Earth Society took advantage of the chaos and started to flourish, these secret societies all claimed to want to overthrow the Qing dynasty and restore the Ming dynasty, for this reason many of the coins cast by these secret societies contain hidden messages such as some of them containing characters from the reign titles of Ming dynasty emperors.

Shanghai Small Swords Society

The Shanghai Small Swords Society under the leadership of Liu Lichuan seized control of the city of Shanghai in September 1853 and awarded themselves the period title of "Tianyun", as Shanghai had a lot of gold and silver but not much cash coins the rebels confiscated all scrap copper they could find and this was all cast into cash coins with the inscription "Taiping Tongbao" on the obverse and a sun and a crescent on the reverse, the sun and moon symbolised their intent on restoring the Ming. As merchants who traded with Shanghai entered the Qing those found carrying cash coins issued by rebels were arrested and put on trial and after a few were executed the Shanghai Small Swords society decided that these coins were essentially useless and decided to cast coins based on the Xianfeng reign title.

Obverse inscription	Reverse inscription	Calligraphic style	Years of production	Image
太平通寶		Northern Song era Li script	1854–1855
太平通寶	Crescent above. 明 below.	Northern Song era Li script	1854–1855
太平通寶	Sun above, Crescent below.	Contemporary regular script	1854–1855
太平通寶		Contemporary regular script	1854–1855

Other secret societies

Obverse inscription	Reverse inscription	Years of production	Secret society	Image
太平通寶	文 above.	1858–1864	Small Sword and Heaven and Earth Societies
太平通寶	文 sideways right.	1858–1864	Small Sword and Heaven and Earth Societies
開元通寶	武 above.	1858–1864	Small Sword and Heaven and Earth Societies
開元通寶	武 sideways right.	1858–1864	Small Sword and Heaven and Earth Societies
天朝通寶	永 above.	1858–1864	Small Sword and Heaven and Earth Societies
天朝通寶	永 upside down below.	1858–1864	Small Sword and Heaven and Earth Societies
黃帝通寶	聖 above.	1858–1864	Small Sword and Heaven and Earth Societies
黃帝通寶	聖 sideways right.	1858–1864	Small Sword and Heaven and Earth Societies
黃帝通寶	浙	1858–1864	Small Sword and Heaven and Earth Societies
義記金錢	Two intertwined lozenges on the right and left side.	1858–1863	Small Sword and Heaven and Earth Societies
義記金錢	The Chinese character "離" above and two intertwined lozenges on the right and left side.	1858–1863	Small Sword and Heaven and Earth Societies
義記金錢	震忠團練	1858–1863	Small Sword and Heaven and Earth Societies
明道通寶	天	1850s	The Triad Society

Other contemporary rebellions

Other than secret societies several other rebellions cast their own coinages contemporary to the Taiping rebellion, in Guizhou the rebel Zhang Baoshan who claimed descent from the Hongwu Emperor is said by David Hartill to have cast the Sitong Tongbao cash coins according to two references. Li Wenmao who was the leader of the Triad Society in the province of Guangdong proclaimed half to be "the King who shall restore peace" in March 1857 but his rebellion got suppressed by the Qing in 1858. The coinage cast by Li Wenmao often contains the character "勝" which is often found in lodges of Tiandihui groups creating the inscription "勝寶", meanwhile as the guerilla tactics of the Guangdong Triad relied on having their forces be divided into a "left flank", "right flank", "middle flank", "front flank", and "rear flank" this is reflected in the reverse inscriptions of the coins cast by this rebellion as "营" is accompanied by which flank the garrison belonged to.

Obverse inscription	Reverse inscription	Years of production	Rebel leader	Image
平靖通寶	中 in seal script on the right.	1857–1858	Li Wenmao
平靖勝寶	中营	1857–1858	Li Wenmao
平靖勝寶	前营	1857–1858	Li Wenmao
平靖勝寶	後营	1857–1858	Li Wenmao
平靖勝寶	左营	1857–1858	Li Wenmao
平靖勝寶	右营	1857–1858	Li Wenmao
平靖勝寶	御林軍	1857–1858	Li Wenmao
平靖勝寶	長勝軍	1857–1858	Li Wenmao
嗣統通寶		1860–1863	Zhang Baoshan

Republic of China

Chinese cash coins continued to be produced into the first year of the Republic of China until their production was completely phased out in 1912. A large number of trial coins were also cast, however these weren't ever officially issued.
The following cash coins were cast during the Republic of China in 1912:

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Simplified Chinese	Issuing office	Image
Fujian Tongbao, 1 cash	福建通寶, 一文	福建通宝, 一文	Fujian province
Fujian Tongbao, 2 cash	福建通寶, 二文	福建通宝, 二文	Fujian province
Minguo Tongbao, Dongchuan	民國通寶, 東川	民国通宝, 东川	Dongchuan, Yunnan
Minguo Tongbao, 10 cash	民國通寶, 當十	民国通宝, 当十	Dongchuan, Yunnan

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