List of Brazilian scientists
This is a list of Brazilian scientists, those born in Brazil or who have established citizenship or residency there.
- Manuel de Abreu, physician, inventor of abreugraphy
- Aziz Ab'Saber, geographer; geologist; ecologist recognized for the Theory of Refuges and Amazon studies; former president of the SBPC
- Fernando Flávio Marques de Almeida, geologist
- Carlos Paz de Araújo, scientist and inventor, holds nearly 600 patents in the area of nanotechnology
- José Márcio Ayres, biologist, zoologist, primatologist
- Marcia Barbosa, physicist
- Eddy Bensoussan, physician
- Wilson Teixeira Beraldo, co-discoverer of bradykinin
- Thaisa Storchi Bergmann, astrophysicist at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
- Carlos Augusto Bertulani, physicist
- Vital Brazil, physician and scientist, discoverer of the antivenom for snakes and other venomous animals
- Ennio Candotti, physicist and scientific leader
- Fernando Henrique Cardoso, sociologist and former President
- José Cândido de Melo Carvalho, biologist, zoologist, entomologist
- Carlos Chagas, biologist, zoologist, public health worker
- Evandro Chagas, physician and biomedical scientist specialized in tropical medicine; son of Carlos Chagas
- Gauss Moutinho Cordeiro, mathematician and statistician
- Vera Cordeiro, social entrepreneur and physician
- Newton da Costa, mathematician and logician, recognised for his works in paraconsistent logic
- Oswaldo Cruz, physician and public health champion, eliminated yellow fever, bubonic plague and smallpox in Rio de Janeiro at the turn of the 20th century
- Johanna Döbereiner, biologist, discoverer of the nitrogen fixing role of soil bacteria
- Adolpho Ducke, Croatian-Brazilian biologist; zoologist; entomologist; botanist
- Florestan Fernandes, father of Brazilian sociology
- Sérgio Henrique Ferreira, physician and pharmacologist, discovered the active principle of a drug for hypertension
- Carlos Chagas Filho, physician and physiologist, former president of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, former president of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences; son of Carlos Chagas
- Hércules Florence, pioneer of photography
- Santiago Americano Freire, physician and professor of pharmacology, psychiatrist, writer, painter
- Gilberto Freyre, historiographer and sociologist
- Celso Furtado, noted economist and ideologue of economy of developing nations
- Marcelo Gleiser, physicist, writer and professor of physics and astronomy at the Dartmouth College since 1991
- José Goldemberg, physicist, former Minister of Science & Technology and Dean of the University of São Paulo
- Émil Göldi, Swiss-Brazilian biologist; zoologist; naturalist
- Bartolomeu de Gusmão, Brazilian Catholic priest, pioneer of aviation, the inventor of the balloon, became known as the "flying priest"
- Jacques Hüber, Swiss-Brazilian biologist; botanist
- Ivan Izquierdo, physician and neuroscientist; discovered neural mechanisms of memory
- Jean Paul Jacob, electronic engineer, researcher and professor, research manager at the Almaden IBM Research Center, California
- Adib Jatene, heart surgeon
- Alexander Kellner, Liechtensteinian/Brazilian paleontologist
- Warwick Estevam Kerr, geneticist, researcher on the biology and genetics of bees
- Eduardo Krieger, physician and physiologist, former president of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences
- César Lattes, experimental physicist, co-discoverer of the pion, a type of subatomic particle, first president of the Brazilian National Research Council
- Napoleão Laureano, cancer researcher
- Aristides Leão, physician and physiologist, discovered Leão's depression, a phenomenon of nervous tissue
- Ângelo Moreira da Costa Lima, doctor, entomologist
- Henrique da Rocha Lima, physician, pathologist and infectologist, discovered Rickettsia prowazekii, the pathogen of epidemic typhus
- José Leite Lopes, theoretical physicist
- Adolfo Lutz, physician and pioneer of public health
- José Lutzenberger, ecologist and zoologist
- Roberto Landell de Moura, pioneer of telephony
- Fritz Müller, German-Brazilian biologist; zoologist; botanist; naturalist; entomologist
- Miguel Nicolelis, neuroscientist, one of Scientific American's best scientists of 2004
- Jacob Palis, mathematician of international fame, current president of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences
- Maurício Peixoto, engineer, mathematician, pioneered the studies on structural stability, author of Peixoto's theorem
- Domingos Soares Ferreira Penna, biologist, zoologist, naturalist
- José Aristodemo Pinotti, physician and gynecologist, former president of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
- Marcos Pontes, first Brazilian astronaut, Expedition 13
- Patricia Pranke, stem cell researcher, professor
- Ana Maria Primavesi, soil scientist and promoter of the ecological management of tropical soils
- André Rebouças, pioneer engineer, brother of Antônio Rebouças Filho
- José Reis, biologist, greatest Brazilian science writer
- Gilberto Righi, biologist, zoologist, specialist on earthworms
- Milton Santos, geographer, won the Vautrin Lud International Geography Prize, the highest award that can be gained in the field of geography
- Alberto Santos-Dumont, aviator and inventor
- Mário Schenberg, theoretical physicist
- Helmut Sick, German-Brazilian biologist; zoologist; ornithologist
- Lotar Siewerdt, agronomist; forage production
- Manuel Augusto Pirajá da Silva, responsible for the identification and complete description of the pathogenic agent and the pathophysiological cycle of schistosomiasis disease
- Maurício Rocha e Silva, physician and pharmacologist, discovered bradykinin, an active cardiovascular peptide
- Emilio Joaquim da Silva Maia, physician and naturalist
- Nise da Silveira, psychiatrist and mental health reformer
- Jorge Stolfi, computer scientist, professor at UNICAMP
- Jayme Tiomno, experimental and theoretical nuclear physicist
- Paulo Emílio Vanzolini, biologist, zoologist, herpetologist
- Glaci Zancan, biochemist
- Mayana Zatz, biologist and geneticist
- Euryclides Zerbini, heart surgeon, pioneer of first heart transplant in Brazil
Foreign scientists and engineers who lived or live in Brazil
- Alexander Grothendieck, French mathematician
- David Bohm, American physicist
- Gregory Chaitin, Argentine-American mathematician
- Louis Couty, French physiologist and pharmacologist
- Miguel Rolando Covian, Argentinian physiologist
- Orville Adalbert Derby, American geologist
- Heinz Ebert, German geologist
- Luigi Fantappiè, Italian mathematician
- Richard Feynman, American physicist
- Charles Frederick Hartt, Canadian-American geologist and paleontologist
- Hermann von Ihering, German naturalist
- Fritz Köberle, Austrian physician and pathologist
- Grigori Ivanovitch Langsdorff, German/Russian naturalist
- Claude Lévi-Strauss, French anthropologist
- Emmanuel Liais, French astronomer and naturalist
- Lucien Lison, Belgian anatomist
- Fritz Müller, German naturalist
- Giuseppe Occhialini, Italian physicist
- Ludwig Riedel, German botanist
- Oscar Sala, Italian nuclear physicist
- Carl August Wilhelm Schwacke, German botanist
- Friedrich Sellow, German botanist
- Helmut Sick, German zoologist
- Peter Szatmari, Hungarian geologist
- Gleb Wataghin, Russian/Italian physicist
- Stefan Zweig, Austrian novelist, playwright, journalist and biographer