This article gives an overview of liberal parties in Brazil. It is limited to liberalparties with substantial support, mainly proved by having had a representation in parliament. The sign ⇒ means a reference to another party in that scheme. For inclusion in this scheme it isn't necessary so that parties labeled themselves as a liberal party.
Introduction
Liberalism was organized in Brazil since 1831 in a traditional way as the opposition to conservatism. With the republican revolution of 1889 organized liberalism disappeared. Some liberal parties were founded in twentieth century. Since 1966 liberalism was best represented by the Democratic Movement. After multi-partyism became a fact, more parties labeled themselves as liberal, but the word was also used by moderate conservative forces. At the moment three parties name themselves liberal, but the Liberal Front Party is a conservative party, member of the International Democrat Union. The Liberal Party can be considered a liberal partiy. The centrist Brazilian Democratic Movement takes a liberal position the spectrum.
1831: In resistance to the imperial regime liberals formed in 1831 the Liberal Party, loosely connected to the urban petty bourgeoisie. It became the leading progressive party during the monarchy.
1889: After the fall of the monarchy the party vanished.
Progressive Party (1863)
1863: A left wing faction of the ⇒ Liberal Party forms the Progressive Party .
1868: The party reunited with the ⇒ Liberal Party
New Liberal Party
1869: A left wing faction of the ⇒ Liberal Party forms the New Liberal Party, led by Joaquím Nabuco. Unclear is the further existence of the party.
Progressive Party (1882)
1882: A left wing faction of the ⇒ Liberal Party forms the Progressive Party.
1889: After the fall of the monarchy the party disappeared.
Republican Party
1870: The Republican Party, a party of the urban middle class, is formed.
1889: After the fall of the monarchy the party disappeared.
Liberal Alliance
1930: The liberal bourgeoisie formed the Liberal Alliance, led by Getúlio Vargas. After he lost the 1930 rigged elections, the party came to power in a revolution.
1934: When Vargas establishes in 1934 an authoritarian regime, the party fell apart.
Brazilian Democratic Movement
1966: The military government allowed in a bi-partisan system the formation of a democratic opposition party, the Brazilian Democratic Movement. In this party liberals are united with social democrats, socialists and right leaning opponents of the rightist military government. The party is led by Oscar Passos, Pedroso Horta and Ulysses Guimarães.
1979: The party is reorganized into the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party.
