granted William Penn a royal charter for a tract of land - west of New Jersey and north of Maryland - on which to develop an English colony. Penn and a group of Quaker families arrived at the Philadelphia settlement in October 1682. He and his wife, Gulielmas Springetts, had left their four children behind in England, and stayed in America for less than two years. By the time of Penn's 1699 second visit to Pennsylvania, Gulielmas and six of their eight children had died. He arrived with his surviving daughter Letitia, and his second wife, Hannah Callowhill, who gave birth to their son John in the colony. Penn again stayed for two years before returning to England, never to see Pennsylvania again. During his first visit, Penn began construction of Pennsbury Manor, a country house along the Delaware River, more than 20 miles outside the city. He also had reserved a prime piece of Philadelphia real estate for himself - a full city block bounded by High, Front, Chestnut and 2nd Streets - close to the waterfront and beside the market. Prior to his 1701 departure, he deeded the northern half of this to his daughter Letitia, who returned with him to England, and married there in 1702. She sent instructions that the property be divided into lots and sold. Letitia Street, which cut through the Philadelphia block, was named for her.
19th century
In his Annals of Philadelphia, antiquarian John Fanning Watson argued that the two-and-a-half-story brick house at Letitia Street and Black Horse Alley had been William Penn's city residence during his 1682-84 visit. Identical claims had been made for two other buildings nearby, but Watson refuted these. The matter seemed all but settled by 1846, when Granville John Penn, William Penn's great-grandson, visited Philadelphia and was guest of honor at a reception held at the Letitia Street house. Nearly 10 million people visited the 1876 Centennial Exposition, the first American World's Fair, mounted in West Fairmount Park. In his Centennial guidebook, Thompson Westcott went further than Watson, presenting documentary evidence that the Letitia Street House was "the oldest house in Philadelphia," and had been "the first house which was built in the city." Westcott expanded on this case in his next book, arguing that the house's construction "must have been commenced before Penn's arrival ." It was well documented that Penn had rented the Slate Roof House as his city residence during the 1699-1701 second visit — John Penn was born there. But despite that building's direct associations with the Penn family and Pennsylvania's colonial government, and despite desperate calls by antiquarians to preserve it, the Slate Roof House was demolished in 1867. Every other building associated with Penn, including his country house, also had been demolished. As the two-hundredth anniversary of Pennsylvania's 1682 founding approached, there was a desire to honor Penn with a monument. The Letitia Street House became that monument.
Relocation
The Bi-Centennial Association of Pennsylvania was formed to raise funds through subscription to relocate the house, and to organize a week-long anniversary celebration for October 1882. The parades, historical pageants, athletic events, concerts and fireworks went on as scheduled. But relocation of the house wasn't begun until June 1883, with restoration completed in October. The house was again restored, 1931–32, overseen by Fiske Kimball, director of the Philadelphia Museum of Art. New historical research debunked Watson's and Westcott's conjectures about when the house had been built — Kimball dated it "after 1703 and before 1715." PMA took on administration of the house, operating it as a small museum exhibiting Queen Anne style furniture and decorative arts objects. In 1940, the WPA guidebook to Pennsylvania concluded: "Although believed at one time to be the dwelling erected for William Penn in 1682, it was learned later that the town house of William Penn was a frame structure destroyed long ago." The house museumclosed in 1965. In the 1990s, the house served as headquarters for the Wildlife Preservation Trust International, but has been vacant since. Isolated atop a small hill opposite the Philadelphia Zoo, it is a frequent target for vandals. In 2012, Philadelphia designated $600,000 in its capital budget for the building's restoration.
Legacy
Interest in the Letitia Street House waned following the discovery that it held no personal connection to William Penn. Still, it remains a rare surviving example of an Early Georgian city house; and its 1883 relocation, an early case of intentional historic preservation. It was added to the Philadelphia Register of Historic Places on June 26, 1956. In 1991, a near-replica of the Letitia Street House was built at 90 6th Avenue in Collegeville, Pennsylvania.
