Layer 2 MPLS VPN


A Layer 2 MPLS VPN is a term in computer networking. It is a method that Internet service providers use to segregate their network for their customers, to allow them to transmit data over an IP network. This is often sold as a service to businesses.
Layer 2 VPNs are a type of Virtual Private Network that uses MPLS labels to transport data. The communication occurs between routers that are known as Provider Edge routers, as they sit on the edge of the provider's network, next to the customer's network.
Internet providers who have an existing Layer 2 network may choose to use these VPNs instead of the other common MPLS VPN, Layer 3. There is no one IETF standard for Layer 2 MPLS VPNs. Instead, two methodologies may be used. Both methods use a standard MPLS header to encapsulate data. However, they differ in their signaling protocols.

Types of Layer 2 MPLS VPNs

BGP-based

The BGP-based type is based on a draft specification by Kireeti Kompella, from Juniper Networks. It uses the Border Gateway Protocol as the mechanism for PE routers to communicate with each other about their customer connections. Each router connects to a central cloud, using BGP. This means that when new customers are added, the existing routers will communicate with each other, via BGP, and automatically add the new customers to the service.

LDP-based

The second type is based on a draft specification by Chandan Mishra from Cisco Systems. This method is also known as a Layer 2 circuit. It uses the Label Distribution Protocol to communicate between PE routers. In this case, every LDP-speaking router will exchange FECs and establish LSPs with every other LDP-speaking router on the network, which differs from the BGP-based methodology. The LDP-based style of layer 2 VPN defines new TLVs and parameters for LDP to aid in the signaling of the VPNs.

Vendor implementations