The land grant to Ḫasardu kudurru, is a four-sided limestone narû, or memorial stele, from the late 2nd millennium BCMesopotamia recording the gift of 144 hectares of land on the bank of the Royal Canal in the Bīt-Pir’i-Amurru region of the Diyala valley by Kassite monarch Meli-Šipak to an official or sukkal mu’irri, by the name of Ḫa-SAR-du. It is titled, “O Adad, the hero, bestow irrigation ditches of abundance here!" and is notable for the light it sheds on middle Babylonian officialdom.
The stele
The object was excavated by Hormuzd Rassam during his 1881–82 excavations in Sippar on behalf of the British Museum. It was recovered, along with two other entitlement stelae, from a room in the temple of Šamaš and given the museum reference BM 90829.
Deities invoked
Thirteen gods are invoked by name together with "all the gods whose names are portrayed on this narû." These are represented by eighteen icons arranged around the conical top. The god Marduk is pictured twice, once by a kusarikku holding a spade, and once with a marru or tasseled spade in front of the kusarikku. Ea may be represented both by the south wind and a ram-headed crook. Šuqamuna and Šumalia, the Kassite deities associated with the investiture of kings are portrayed by a bird on a perch. Several of the symbols are widely attested icons of their gods such as the lunar disc for Sîn, solar disc for Šamaš, the lightning-fork for Adad, the lamp for Nusku, the leaping dog for Gula, the mace with twin lion-heads for Nergal, the eagle-headed mace for Ninurta, the eight-pointed star for Ištar, and the coiled snake for Ištaran.
Cast of characters
The principal parties to the transaction were the king and a Kassite military official:
Meli-Šipak, šar kiššati, "king of the world"
Ḫa-SAR-du, son of Sumû, sukkal mu'erru, messenger? of the commander
The title sukkal mu'erru suggests his rȏle is as a representative or liaison officer at the royal court on behalf of the military commander, or mu'erru. The officials conducting the transfer:
Ibni-Marduk, "son of Arad-Ea," šādid eqli, the surveyor
Šamaš-muballiṭ, ḫazannu, mayor of Bīt-Pir’i-Amurru or possibly its magistrate
Bau-aḫu-iddina, ṭupšar šakin māti, the scribe to the "ruler of the land," probably a provincial governor
Itti-Marduk-balāṭu, ša rēš šarri, the king's representative, a servant
The witnesses to the transaction:
Iddina-Marduk, šakkanak māt tāmtim bīt-Mallaḫi, a governor of a province in the Sealand, southern Mesopotamia
The term ša rēši designated a royal eunuch in the Assyrian court but there is no evidence of a similar fate for a court official in middle Babylonia. Furthermore, Kidin-Marduk, an official with this title is pictured bearded having inherited the position from his father, and later bequeathing it to his son, on a cylinder seal of the reign of Burna-Buriaš II. It is significant that both the military positions are occupied by Kassites.
