Kurt Landau was born on 29 January 1903 in Vienna, the son of the wine merchant Abraham Simon and Rosa Feldmann. He studied in Vienna and was a member of and chairman of the Währing section of the Communist Party of Austria from 1921 to 1926. He began a relationship in 1923 with Julia Lipschutz, who became his wife under the name Katia Landau. He defended Leon Trotsky and his positions against those of the party line of the KPÖ and became one of the central figures in opposition to the slowly forming Stalinism. In 1927, he and like-minded colleagues were expelled from the party. In the same year he published the booklet The nature and history of anarcho-communism in Austria. From 1929 he lived with his wife in Berlin and was a member of the Leninbund. The couple went into exile on 17 March 1933 in Paris and were heavily involved in the Linke Opposition der KPD and Editor of the Paper Der Funke. In November 1936, Kurt and Katia Landau went to Barcelona, where they worked for the international secretariat of the POUM. Kurt Landau was the author of the brochure The German Revolution of 1918 and the Spanish Revolution of 1936 and was a member of staff on the party newspaper La Batalla and the German language broadcasts of Radio POUM. He escaped arrest on 17 June 1937 by the police and the Guardia de Asalto and found refuge first in the headquarters of the CNT, and then in the house of the POUM militant Carlota Durany. He was kidnapped in Barcelona on 23 September 1937 and was never found. It is thought that he was abducted, tortured, and murdered by NKVD agents or German Communist Party members on orders. However, there is no indication of how and when exactly he died. There is a rumor that Walter Ulbricht was involved in the murder, or gave the command to this. Katia Landau, who was also arrested, suspected that her husband had been taken to the Soviet Union. Kurt Landau's brother Alfred Landau was a socialiststudent leader in Vienna and later a high official of the United Nations. Katia Landau went on to marry the Spanish naval officer Benjamin Balboa, who in 1936 played a key role in ensuring that much of the Spanish navy did not join in the Spanish coup of 1936. Both would go into exile in Mexico in 1940. Until 1984, Katia Landau would campaign in the memory of Kurt Landau.
Works
Wesen und Geschichte des Anarcho-Kommunismus in Österreich. Abschließende Bemerkungen zu den Fraktionskämpfen in der Kommunistischen Partei Österreichs. Vienna 1927.
