He was born Konstantin Solomonovich Saradzhian in Derbent, Dagestan, in 1877; his father was a doctor. He attended the Moscow Conservatory, where he studied violin under Jan Hřímalý and theory under Sergei Taneyev, graduating in 1898. He then became a teacher and concert performer. He had further violin study with Otakar Ševčík in Prague in 1900. In 1901 he became conductor of the Moscow Opera Lovers' Club. He also formed his own string quartet. From 1904 to 1908 he studied conducting with Arthur Nikisch in Leipzig. On return to Russia he conducted the summer symphony concerts at Sokolniki Park in 1908, 1910 and 1911. He became director of the State Institute of Theatrical Art. On 8 October 1913 he conducted the first performance of Mussorgsky's much-delayed and still incomplete comic opera The Fair at Sorochyntsi at the Free Theatre in Moscow. Saradzhev was an advocate of new music. In 1901 he was a member of a circle of Scriabinists that included the pianist and teacher Alexander Goldenweiser, the pianist Maria Nemenova-Lunts, the writer and critic Vladimir Derzhanovsky and others. In 1909 Derzhanovsky, his wife Elena Koposova-Derzhanovskaya and Saradzhev organized "Evenings of Modern Music" in Moscow. He conducted the first professional and first fully rehearsed performance of Stravinsky's Symphony in E flat, Op. 1. Saradzhev conducted the premiere of Sergei Prokofiev's Piano Concerto No. 1. Prokofiev later wrote that Saradzhev "realized splendidly all my tempos". Saradzhev served in the army in World War I, not returning to Moscow until after the Russian Civil War. He became involved with the Association for Contemporary Music and founded the Evenings of Contemporary Music in 1923. He was professor of conducting at Moscow Conservatory 1922-35, where his notable students included Boris Khaykin and Lev Oborin. Saradzhev conducted the first Soviet performance of Prokofiev's 3rd Piano Concerto. In 1927 he conducted the Moscow premiere of Shostakovich's Symphony No. 2 To October, which followed the world premiere under Nikolai Malko in Leningrad on 5 November, and was the first performance to include the revisions that Shostakovich had made after that premiere. He was a leading advocate of Nikolai Myaskovsky's music. He conducted the first performances of Myaskovsky's symphonic poemSilence, Op. 9, and his symphonies No. 8, No. 9, and No. 11. Myaskovsky's Symphony No. 10 was dedicated to Saradzhev. In 1934 Myaskovsky wrote a Preludium and Fughetta on the name Saradzhev. The world premiere of the revised version of Prokofiev's Sinfonietta in A major, Op. 5/48 was under Konstantin Saradzhev's baton. He was a conductor of the VoronezhState Symphony Orchestra and in 1931 - this was 38 years after the composer died and 65 years after it was written - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's Concert Overture in C minor finally received an airing, under Saradzhev's baton in Voronezh. He later became musical director and principal conductor of the Yerevan Opera and Ballet Theatre. In September 1939 he conducted the premiere of Aram Khachaturian's first ballet Happiness. From 1939 until his death he was director of the Yerevan Conservatory, and taught the orchestra, opera and conducting classes. His notable students there included Alexander Kopylov. He was principal conductor of the Armenian Philharmonia 1941-44. He died in Yerevan in 1954, aged 76.
