Kleisoura (Byzantine district)
In the Byzantine Empire, a kleisoura was a term traditionally applied to a fortified mountain pass and the military district protecting it. By the late 7th century, it came to be applied to more extensive frontier districts, distinct from the larger themata, chiefly along the Empire's eastern border with the Caliphate along the line of the Taurus-Anti-Taurus mountains. A kleisoura or kleisourarchia was an autonomous command, under a kleisourarches. Eventually, most kleisourai were raised to full themata, and the term fell out of use after the 10th century. Its Islamic counterpart in Cilicia and Mesopotamia was the al-thughūr.
