Kilo-class submarine
Kilo class, Soviet designation Project 877 Paltus, is a class of diesel-electric attack submarines designed and built in the Soviet Union for the Soviet Navy. The class was built until the mid-1990s, when production was switched to the more advanced Project 636 Varshavyanka variant, also known as Improved Kilo-class by the West.
Role
These attack submarines are mainly intended for anti-shipping and anti-submarine operations in relatively shallow waters. Original Project 877 boats are equipped with Rubikon MGK-400 sonar system, which includes a mine detection and avoidance sonar MG-519 Arfa.Newer Project 636 boats are equipped with improved MGK-400EM, with MG-519 Arfa also upgraded to MG-519EM.MGK 400E can detect submarines with 0.05 Pa/Hz noisiness in 16km and surface vessels with 10 Pa/Hz noisiness in 100km. The improved sonar systems have reduced the number of operators needed by sharing the same console via automation.
Anechoic tiles are fitted on casings and fins to absorb the sound waves of active sonar, which results in a reduction and distortion of the return signal. These tiles also help attenuate sounds that are emitted from the submarine, thus reducing the range at which the sub may be detected by passive sonar.
Future
The Kilo class was to have been succeeded by the. In November 2011, the Russian Navy announced that the Lada class will not enter service because trials with the lead boat of the new class, Sankt Peterburg had shown major deficiencies. Construction of two further boats was suspended.On 27 July 2012, the Russian Navy commander-in-chief announced that construction of the Lada-class submarines would resume, having undergone design changes.
Variants
One Kilo-class submarine, B-871, was equipped with pump-jet propulsion.The version Kilo 636MV contains a GE2-01 radar and an improved MGK 400E sonar. In this version, the submarine is also able to operate in more weather conditions than the original Kilo-class submarines.
Operators
The first submarine entered service in the Soviet Navy in 1980, and the class remains in use with the Russian Navy today., 17 vessels were believed to still be in active service with the Russian Navy, while 7 vessels were thought to be in reserve. 40 vessels have been exported to several countries:- : 2 Original Kilo, 4 Improved Kilo.
- : 2 Original Kilo, 10 Improved Kilo.
- : 10 Original Kilo, 1 sustained major casualty; – Designated as the
- : one boat will transfer from India end of 2019.
- : 1 Original Kilo –.
- : 3 Original Kilo.
- : 1 Original Kilo – Romanian submarine Delfinul.
- : 22 Original Kilo, 6 Improved Kilo and additional 6 Improved Kilo on order for Pacific fleet to be delivered 2019–2021.
- : 6 Improved Kilo. Includes Vietnamese submarine Hồ Chí Minh City, Ha noi, Hai phong, Da nang, Khanh Hoa, Ba Ria Vung Tau.
Possible purchasers
- The government of Venezuela expressed interest in buying 3 Project 636 Kilo-class submarines In 2019, a source reported the purported usage of a submarine of this class to insert Russian soldiers into Venezuela to protect the Venezuelan government from a alleged coup attempt backed by U.S. Administration.
- The Philippine Navy has shown its interest on the Kilo-class submarine as part of its modernization program. Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzana said that the country is now evaluating the Russian offer.
Failed Bids
- The Indonesian Navy was interested in purchasing about 2 Kilo-class submarines. But in 2014 the Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Navy Laksamana :id:Marsetio|Marsetio after a visit to Russia with the team from Indonesian Navy to inspect the said submarines decided to cancel the plans. He said "The submarines looks good on the outside, but the inside is filled with broken equipments, and the 2 submarines have been in storage for 2 years." Indonesia chose to buy 6 Improved Chang Bogo-class submarines instead including a transfer of technology, where Indonesia will eventually build four of six of the Submarines with South Korea.
Specifications
- Displacement:
- * 2,300–2,350 tons surfaced
- * 3,000–4,000 tons submerged
- Dimensions:
- * Length: 70–74 meters
- * Beam: 9.9 meters
- * Draft: 6.2–6.5 meters
- Maximum speed
- * 10–12 knots surfaced
- * 17–25 knots submerged
- Propulsion: Diesel-electric
- Maximum depth: 300 meters
- Endurance
- * at submerged
- * at snorkeling
- * 45 days sea endurance
- Armament
- * Air defence: 8 Strela-3 or 8 Igla-1, but after sea trial it has been rejected by the navy.
- * Six 533 mm torpedo tubes with 18 53-65 ASuW or TEST 71/76 ASW torpedoes or VA-111 Shkval supercavitating torpedoes, or 24 DM-1 mines,
- * Kalibr-PL system comprising four launchers for individual anti-ship, anti-submarine and land attack cruise missiles
- Crew: 52
- Price per unit is US$200–250 million
Gallery
Project 877 units
| Operator | # | Name | Shipyard | Project | Laid down | Launched | Commissioned | Fleet | Status |
| B-248 | x | Komsomolsk-on-Amur | 877 | decommissioned 2001 | |||||
| B-260 | Chita | Komsomolsk-on-Amur | 877 | PF | decommissioned 2013, sank partially on way to scrap in 2019 | ||||
| B-227 | Vyborg | Komsomolsk-on-Amur | 877 | BF | decommissioned 2018 | ||||
| B-229 | x | Komsomolsk-on-Amur | 877 | decommissioned 2002 | |||||
| B-404 | x | Komsomolsk-on-Amur | 877 | decommissioned 2002 | |||||
| B-401 | Novosibirsk | Nizhniy Novgorod | 877 | NF | decommissioned 2012 | ||||
| B-402 | Vologda | Nizhniy Novgorod | 877 | NF | decommissioned 2016 | ||||
| B-405 | Komsomolsk-on-Amur | 877 | decommissioned 2002 | ||||||
| 291 | Nizhniy Novgorod | 877E | active as of 2010 | ||||||
| 581 | Delfinul | Nizhniy Novgorod | 877E | unknown | |||||
| S55 | Saint Petersburg | 877EKM | active as of 2010, modernized to project 08773 in 2002–2005 | ||||||
| B-470 | x | Komsomolsk-on-Amur | 877 | decommissioned 2005 | |||||
| B-806 | Dmitrov | Nizhniy Novgorod | 877EKM | BF | active as of 2018 | ||||
| S56 | Saint Petersburg | 877EKM | active as of 2010 | ||||||
| 012 | Nizhniy Novgorod | 877EKM | Upgraded in 2010, able to launch Klub missiles | ||||||
| B-439 | x | Komsomolsk-on-Amur | 877 | decommissioned 2005 | |||||
| S57 | Nizhniy Novgorod | 877EKM | active as of 2010, modernized to project 08773 in 1999–2001 | ||||||
| 013 | Nizhniy Novgorod | 877EKM | Upgraded in 2011, able to launch Klub missiles | ||||||
| S58 | Saint Petersburg | 877EKM | active as of 2010, modernized to project 08773 in 1997–1999 | ||||||
| B-445 | Svyatoi Nikolai Chudotvorets | Komsomolsk-on-Amur | 877 | PF | unknown | ||||
| S59 | Nizhniy Novgorod | 877EKM | active as of 2010, modernized to project 08773 in 2001–2003 | ||||||
| S60 | Saint Petersburg | 877EKM | active as of 2010, modernized to project 08773 in 1999–2001 | ||||||
| B-808 | Yaroslavl | Nizhniy Novgorod | 877 | NF | active 2018 | ||||
| B-394 | Nurlat | Komsomolsk-on-Amur | 877 | PF | active 2018 | ||||
| B-800 | Kaluga | Nizhniy Novgorod | 877LPMB | NF | refitted in 2009-2012, active | ||||
| S61 | Saint Petersburg | 877EKM | active, modernized to project 08773 | ||||||
| B-464 | Ust'-Kamchatsk | Komsomolsk-on-Amur | 877 | PF | active 2018 | ||||
| B-459 | Vladikavkaz | Nizhniy Novgorod | 877 | NF | refitted in 2011-2015, active, entered Baltic Sea 03.07.2018 to take part in Main Naval Parade in St Petersburg on 29 July. | ||||
| S62 | Saint Petersburg | 877EKM | active as of 2010, modernized to project 08773 in 2005–2007 | ||||||
| B-871 | Alrosa | Nizhniy Novgorod | 877V | BSF | under repair 2019 | ||||
| B-471 | Magnitogorsk | Nizhniy Novgorod | 877 | NF | active 2018 | ||||
| B-494 | Ust'-Bolsheretsk | Komsomolsk-on-Amur | 877 | PF | active 2018 | ||||
| 901 | Saint Petersburg | 877EKM | active as of 2012 Upgraded in Iran shipyard | ||||||
| B-187 | Komsomolsk-on-Amur | Komsomolsk-on-Amur | 877 | PF | active 2018 | ||||
| B-177 | Lipetsk | Nizhniy Novgorod | 877 | NF | active 2018 | ||||
| B-190 | Krasnokamensk | Komsomolsk-on-Amur | 877 | PF | active 2018 | ||||
| 902 | Saint Petersburg | 877EKM | unknown | ||||||
| B-345 | Mogocha | Komsomolsk-on-Amur | 877 | PF | active 2018 | ||||
| 364 | Yuan Zheng 64 Hao | Nizhniy Novgorod | 877EKM | ??? | active as of 2007 | ||||
| 365 | Yuan Zheng 65 Hao | Nizhniy Novgorod | 877EKM | ??? | active as of 2007 | ||||
| 903 | Saint Petersburg | 877EKM | active as 2011 | ||||||
| S63 | Saint Petersburg | 877EKM | On 29 January 2013, the Sindhurakshak began shipment to India from Severodvinsk, Russia after repairs. On 14 August 2013, there was an explosion and fire on the Sindhurakshak suspected to have occurred from the munitions onboard - killing 3 officers and 15 sailors at the Indian Navy's Dockyard at Mumbai Port. The submarine is reported to have been completely destroyed. | ||||||
| S65 | Saint Petersburg | 877EKM | active as of 2010 |
Project 636 units
Project 636.3 units
Italics indicate estimates| Operator | # | Name | Shipyard | Project | Laid down | Launched | Commissioned | Fleet | Status |
| B-261 | ' | Saint Petersburg | 636.3 | 20 August 2010 | 28 November 2013 | 22 August 2014 | BSF | active | |
| B-237 | ' | Saint Petersburg | 636.3 | 21 November 2011 | 26 June 2014 | 30 December 2014 | BSF | active | |
| B-262 | ' | Saint Petersburg | 636.3 | 17 August 2012 | 28 August 2014 | 25 June 2015 | BSF | active | |
| B-265 | ' | Saint Petersburg | 636.3 | 20 February 2014 | 25 April 2015 | 5 November 2015 | BSF | active | |
| B-268 | ' | Saint Petersburg | 636.3 | 30 October 2014 | 18 March 2016 | 25 October 2016 | BSF | active | |
| B-271 | ' | Saint Petersburg | 636.3 | 30 October 2014 | 31 May 2016 | 24 November 2016 | BSF | active | |
| B-274 | Saint Petersburg | 636.3 | 28 July 2017 | 28 March 2019 | 25 November 2019 | PF | active | ||
| B-603 | Volkhov | Saint Petersburg | 636.3 | 28 July 2017 | 26 December 2019 | 25 November 2020 | PF | in dockside trials | |
| B-??? | Magadan | Saint Petersburg | 636.3 | 1 November 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | PF | under construction | |
| B-??? | Ufa | Saint Petersburg | 636.3 | 1 November 2019 | 2021 | 2021 | PF | under construction | |
| B-??? | Mozhaysk | Saint Petersburg | 636.3 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | PF | ordered | |
| B-??? | Saint Petersburg | 636.3 | 2020 | 2022 | 2022 | PF | ordered | ||
| B-??? | Saint Petersburg | 636.3 | BF | new order planned for the Baltic Fleet |