'Khlyst', the name commonly applied to them, is a distortion of the name they used. The original name was the invented word Христововеры or Христы. Their critics corrupted the name, mixing it with the word хлыст, meaning "a whip". It is also possible that the word 'Khlysty' is related to the Greek word 'χιλιασταί', or with "klyster", meaning "one that purges". Millennialism has many different branches and sects and their teachings have common points with those of the Khlysty.
History
It is said to have been founded by a peasant, Daniil Filippovich, of Kostroma. The Khlysty renounced priesthood, holy books and veneration of the saints. They believed in a possibility of direct communication with the Holy Spirit and of His embodiment in living people. Curiously enough, they allowed their members to attend Orthodox churches. The central idea of the Khlystys' religion was to practice asceticism. Khlysty practiced the attainment of divine grace for sin in ecstatic rituals that were rumored to sometimes turn into sexual orgies. Flagellation was also rumored, possibly due to the similarity of their name to the word for "whip". Secret Khlysty cells existed throughout pre-revolutionary Russia, with approximately 40,000 followers in total; they were most common in the factories of the Perm district. Each cell was normally led by a male and a female leader, who were called the "Christ" and the "Mother of God" respectively. The cells themselves were referred to as 'Arks' among members and messages were carried between them clandestinely in order to facilitate communication. They were often subject to persecution and perceived as a subversive element by the nineteenth century Russian authorities and ecclesiastical bodies.
Rasputin
In 1910, Grigori Rasputin was accused of having been a Khlyst by Sofia Ivanovna Tyutcheva, a governess of the Grand Duchesses of Russia, after being horrified that Rasputin was allowed access by the Tsar to the nursery of the Grand Duchesses, when the four girls were in their nightgowns. C. L. Sulzberger, in his book The Fall of Eagles, says that Rasputin "adopted the philosophy " of the Khlysts. Sulzberger goes on to say the Khlysts' "foremost idea was that salvation could be attained only by total repentance and that this became far more achievable for one who had truly transgressed. 'Sin in order that you may obtain forgiveness,' was the practical side of the Khlysty." Rasputin's daughter contested these claims, writing that her father investigated but ultimately rejected the sect.
