Key generation is the process of generating keys in cryptography. A key is used to encrypt and decrypt whatever data is being encrypted/decrypted. A device or program used to generate keys is called a key generator or keygen.
Generation in cryptography
Modern cryptographic systems include symmetric-key algorithms and public-key algorithms. Symmetric-key algorithms use a single shared key; keeping data secret requires keeping this key secret. Public-key algorithms use a public key and a private key. The public key is made available to anyone. A sender encrypts data with the receiver's public key; only the holder of the private key can decrypt this data. Since public-key algorithms tend to be much slower than symmetric-key algorithms, modern systems such as TLS and SSH use a combination of the two: one party receives the other's public key, and encrypts a small piece of data. The remainder of the conversation uses a symmetric-key algorithm for encryption. Computer cryptography uses integers for keys. In some cases keys are randomly generated using a random numbergenerator or pseudorandom number generator . A PRNG is a computer algorithm that produces data that appears random under analysis. PRNGs that use system entropy to seed data generally produce better results, since this makes the initial conditions of the PRNG much more difficult for an attacker to guess. Another way to generate randomness is to utilize information outside the system. veracrypt utilizes user mouse movements to generate unique seeds, in which users are encouraged to move their mouse sporadically. In other situations, the key is derived deterministically using a passphrase and a key derivation function. Many modern protocols are designed to have forward secrecy, which requires generating a fresh new shared key for each session. Classic cryptosystems invariably generate two identical keys at one end of the communication link and somehow transport one of the keys to the other end of the link. However, it simplifies key management to use Diffie–Hellman key exchange instead. The simplest method to read encrypted data without actually decrypting it is a brute-force attack—simply attempting every number, up to the maximum length of the key. Therefore, it is important to use a sufficiently long key length; longer keys take exponentially longer to attack, rendering a brute-force attack impractical. Currently, key lengths of 128 bits and 2048 bits are common.
A wireless channel is characterized by its two end users. By transmitting pilot signals, these two users can estimate the channel between them and use the channel information to generate a key which is secret only to them. The common secret key for a group of users can be generated based on the channel of each pair of users.
Optical fiber
A key can also be generated by exploiting the phase fluctuation in a fiber link.
