Kenneth Leighton


Kenneth Leighton was a British composer and pianist. He had various academic appointments in the Universities of Leeds, Oxford and Edinburgh. His compositions include church and choral music, pieces for piano, organ, cello, oboe and other instruments, chamber music, concertos, symphonies, and an opera.

Biography

Leighton was born in Wakefield, Yorkshire, on 2 October 1929, to parents of modest means, who noted his musical ability early on and enrolled him as a chorister at Wakefield Cathedral. Encouraged by his mother and the parish priest, he began piano lessons and progressed precociously. In 1940, he gained a place at the Queen Elizabeth Grammar School, played at school assemblies and concerts, and composed settings of poetry for voice and piano and solo piano pieces. While still at school he obtained the Licentiate of the Royal Academy of Music in piano performance.
With the benefit of a State scholarship to study Classics at University, Leighton was admitted to the Queen's College, Oxford in 1947, where he also won a Hastings Scholarship, obtaining a BA in Classics in 1950. After commencing his Classics degree he began to study simultaneously for a degree in Music, tutored by the composer Bernard Rose, and gained the Oxford Bachelor of Music in 1951. At Oxford he came to the attention of Gerald Finzi, an early supporter and friend, who performed some of his works with the Newbury String Players and introduced him to Vaughan Williams, who facilitated and attended some of his performances in London. Leopold Stokowski premiered his overture Primavera Romana with the Royal Philharmonic in Liverpool in 1951. In the same year he was awarded a Mendelssohn Scholarship, which enabled him to study with Goffredo Petrassi in Rome, where he met his first wife, Lydia Angela Vignapiano, by whom he had two children.
On his return from Italy in 1952, Leighton taught briefly at the Royal Marine School of Music in Deal. He held a Gregory Fellowship in music from 1953–56 at the University of Leeds, and in 1956 was appointed Lecturer, then Reader, in Music at the University of Edinburgh. In 1968, he moved to Oxford University, where he succeeded Edmund Rubbra as Fellow in Music of Worcester College. Leighton returned to Edinburgh as Reid Professor of Music in 1970, holding the chair until his death in 1988. He married Josephine Anne Prescott in 1981.
Unlike most of his Oxford contemporaries, Leighton came from a working-class area of an industrial northern town; so his early rise to prominence is all the more remarkable. Although he spent much of his adult life in Scotland, he always regarded himself as a down-to-earth Yorkshireman. He eschewed the possibility of a career as a pianist, hoping that a University position would allow him greater creative freedom and time to compose, although he periodically gave recitals and broadcasts, and occasionally conducted the University orchestra. After the spell in Italy, his life was dominated by composing, which continued uninterrupted, notwithstanding an unsettled period in the late 1970s and early 1980s associated with divorce and remarriage. Leighton was a rather private man, averse to self-promotion and slightly shy of social occasions, who treasured peace and quiet, although he enjoyed family life and teaching. For most of his career he managed to reconcile university commitments with composing, but found this increasingly difficult in later years and was intending to retire early to have more time for composition. Indeed, Leighton never felt entirely at home or at ease with the title of 'university professor' and became increasingly disenchanted with the burden of administrative duties at Edinburgh. At Leeds he formed friendships with the poet Geoffrey Hill and the painters Terry Frost and Maurice de Sausmarez. A lasting friendship with the Wallfisch family also dates from this period. Amongst his distinguished students at Oxford and Edinburgh were Donald Runnicles, Nicholas Cleobury, and the composer Nigel Osborne, who succeeded him as Reid professor at Edinburgh. James MacMillan also studied at Edinburgh during Leighton's tenure and described him as "a marvellous teacher". While Leighton wrote a good deal of church music, he was not a church-goer or member of any congregation, nor even conventionally religious. His interests in literature and love of nature and countryside are reflected in the settings of English poetry in many works, such as Symphonies 2 and 3 and Earth, Sweet Earth. Fond of walking his dog on the hills, Leighton loved the Scottish highlands and frequently visited the western islands. Trips to Mull and Iona in the early 1970s foreshadow the opera Columba. He also had friends on the island of Arran, which he visited regularly. He died at home in Edinburgh in 1988, six months after being diagnosed with oesophageal cancer. His grave is in the Glen Sannox cemetery on Arran.

Music

Leighton's earliest youthful works, characteristic of his Oxford years and well exemplified by Veris Gratia, were influenced in part by the English tradition as represented by Vaughan Williams, Finzi, Herbert Howells, and Walton. His own more distinctive style, however, emerged and consolidated rapidly between 1950 and 1955, and probably owes as much to the period of study with Petrassi in Italy and familiarity with the work of a wide range of 20th-century European composers. He maintained a lifelong passion for the music of Bach. A few pieces reflect experimentation or flirtation with serialism, although Leighton's works are more generally typified by a strong sense of lyricism, diatonicism, contrapuntal mastery, chromaticism and rhythmic invention.
He composed a wide range of music for many different configurations of instruments, often for commissions, specific occasions and performers. His output includes church music, chamber, organ and solo piano music, as well as large-scale orchestral works and an opera based on the life of Columba. The sacred and liturgical music is widely known and performed regularly across the UK. Leighton did much to keep alive and transform the Victorian tradition of English choral music, purge its piety and drag it into the twentieth century. An enduringly popular early piece is "Lully, Lulla, Thou Little Tiny Child," Op.25b, a setting of the Coventry Carol, while the hymn "Drop, drop, slow tears" has also appeared in numerous recordings. The boundaries between sacred, choral and secular music, however, are often blurred in Leighton's oeuvre, which makes extensive use of vocals. Hymns and chorales feature prominently in the instrumental music as well. A good example is 'The Shining River', which is at the core of the Fantasy on an American Hymn Tune, and also permeates the 2nd Symphony, juxtaposed with the Last Sermon of John Donne in the finale.
The solo piano music, which ranges from miniatures for younger players to demandingly advanced works, has been recorded by various artists, as also the works for organ, which include the celebratory Paean, the duet Martyrs, the Prelude, Scherzo and Passacaglia, Missa de Gloria and an organ concerto with timpani, widely credited with injecting new life and vigour into the British organ repertoire of the late 20th century. The works for cello appear on various recordings, notably by Raphael Wallfisch; the cello concerto was premiered by Florence Hooton and Sir John Barbirolli in 1956.
Chamber works include the prize-winning Piano Trio, three string quartets, piano quintet and quartet, and the Fantasy Octet, incorporating themes by Percy Grainger, commissioned for the 1982 Edinburgh Festival Grainger centenary concert. In recent years the larger-scale works have also become better known thanks to new recordings. Amongst these is the second symphony, a meditation on death in memory of his mother. Albeit a profoundly spiritual work, this does not lack theatrical flair, including two scherzos, with jazzy touches, suggesting a composer with a sly sense of humour. The last piano pieces include three major works. They mark the culmination of a lifetime of writing for the instrument: a Sonata for Four Hands with jazzy rhythms and a haunting chorale; a Prelude, Hymn and Toccata for two pianos, with a central Hymn, and final Toccata; and the revelatory Four Romantic Pieces, described by one reviewer as some of the most powerful and imaginative piano music of the late 20th century.
Most of Leighton's works have been recorded and are commercially available on CD, although some notable exceptions remain. Much of his output is published by Novello and Co.

Works (Opus nos)

In 1968 he composed "Morning Canticles: Jubilate Deo" specially for the Centenary of Monkton Combe School, to be sung at St Paul's Cathedral during the school's thanksgiving service.

Awards