Karl Groos
Karl Groos was a philosopher and psychologist who proposed an evolutionary instrumentalist theory of play. His 1898 book on The Play of Animals suggested that play is a preparation for later life.
Groos was full Professor of philosophy in Gießen, Basel and 1911–1929 in Tübingen.
His main idea was that play is basically useful, and so it can be explained by the normal process of evolution by natural selection. When animals 'play' they are practising basic instincts, such as fighting, for survival. This is translated from the original as "pre-tuning". Despite this insight, Groos' work is seldom read today, and his connection of play with aesthetics is thought "misguided". Another area of study was the psychology of literature, including statistical analysis.
Among his scholars is the German philosopher Willy Moog .Works
- Einleitung in die Ästhetik. Gießen: Ricker, 1892
- Die Spiele der Tiere ; translated by E. L. Baldwin as
- Die Spiele der Menschen ; translated by E. L. Baldwin as
- Des Seelenleben des Kindes
- 1902: Der ästhetische Genuss. Gießen: Ricker.
- 1910: Die akustischen Phänomene in der Lyrik Schillers
- 1920: Bismarck im eigenen Urteil, Stuttgart 1920
- 1922: Das Spiel. Jena: G. Fischer.
