During the Mughal era, the area under the modern Indore district was equally divided between the administrations of Ujjain and Mandu. Kampel was the headquarters of a mahal under the Ujjain sarkar of Malwa Subah. The area of the modern Indore city was included in the Kampel pargana. In 1715, the Marathas invaded the region and demanded chauth from the Mughal Amil of Kampel. The Amil fled to Ujjain, and the local zamindars agreed to pay Chauth to the Marathas. The chief zamindar, Nandlal Chaudhury, paid a chauth of around Rs. 25,000 to the Marathas. Jai Singh II, the Mughal Governor of Malwa, reached Kampel on 8 May 1715, and defeated the Marathas in a battle near the village. The Marathas came back in early 1716, and raided Kampel in 1717. In March 1718, the Marathas, led by Santaji Bhonsle, invaded Malwa again, but were defeated by the Mughals. By 1720, the headquarters of the local pargana were transferred from Kampel to Indore, due to the increasing commercial activity in the city. In 1724, the Marathas under the new PeshwaBaji Rao I, launched a fresh attack on the Mughals in Malwa. Baji Rao I himself led the campaign, accompanied by his lieutenants Udaji Pawar, Malhar Rao Holkar and Ranoji Scindia. The MughalNizam met the Peshwa at Nalchha on 18 May 1724, and acceded to his demand of collecting chauth from the area. The Peshwa returned to the Deccan, but left Malhar RaoHolkar at Indore to oversee the chauth collection. The Marathas maintained friendly relations with Nandlal Chaudhary, who held a huge influence over the local Sardars. In 1728, they defeated the Mughals decisively at Amjhera, and consolidated their authority in the area over the next few years. On 3 October1730, Malhar Rao Holkar was appointed as the Maratha chief of Malwa. The local zamindars, who had the title of Chaudhari, came to be known as Mandlois during the Maratha reign. The Holkar dynasty of the Marathas, which controlled the region, conferred the title of Rao Raja upon the local zamindar family. The family retained its possessions of royalty, which included having an elephant, Nishan, Danka and Gadi even after the advent of Holkars and also retained the right of performing the first puja of Dushera before the Holkar rulers. After Nandlal died, his son Tejkarana was accepted as the Mandloi of Kampel by the Peshwa. The pargana was formally granted to Malhar Rao Holkar by the Peshwa in 1733. The pargana headquarters were transferred back to Kampel during his reign. After his death, his daughter-in-law Ahilyabai Holkar moved the headquarters to Indore in 1766. The tehsil of Kampel was converted into Indore tehsil by a change in the name.
