Kamianka-Buzka
Kamianka-Buzka is a city in Lviv Oblast, of western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Kamianka-Buzka. The city was previously known as Kamianka Strumilova, and was a district city in Galicia. From 1918 to 1939 it was part of Poland, and called Kamionka Strumiłowa, was the capital of a county of the Tarnopol Voivodeship. Population:.
Geography
Location
to the north-east of Lviv and to the north of the nearest Karol Ludwik Railway station in Zadworze; between the latitude of 50.5° and 50.8° North and the longitude of 41.58° and 42.4° East.There are two villages to the north of the city: Lapajowka and Jazienica Polska; Jazienica Polska and Tadanie to the east; Tadanie, Krzywolanka and Derniow to the south; Batiatycze to the west.
The whole area is situated in the Vistula river basin, on the Bug River. The latter flows along the south-eastern border; from the east to the west; it turns to the north-west later and, then, it flows across the middle part of the area in the northern direction forming arms to fall into the village of Lapajowka. The Kamianka river is one of the tributaries; it falls into the Bug River on the left bank-side. The Kamianka river flows on the small area along the border, then, it crosses the city centre flowing from the south to the north where it falls into the Bug River. There are city and suburban buildings in the Bug River valley. They are in the Kamianka river valley, too. The city takes up the valley space and there are brick houses in the market square but the wooden houses prevail; the suburbs on the left bank of the Kamianka river are called: Belzkie, Podzamcze and Lwowskie; there is the Zabuzanskie suburb on the right river bank.
The western part of the area rises more above the valley than the part in the east and it reaches the peak of Kamienna Gora at 258m above the sea level. It is the highest peak in the area. The highest peak in the east rises 232m above the sea level. The Farastwo hill lowers towards the eastern line at 222m above the sea level. The city takes up the space of 6/10 square miles.
City area
The manorial area has 520 morga of farmland, 77 of meadows and gardens, 11 of pastureland. The minor estate has 2274 morga of farmland, 276 of meadows and gardens, 282 of pastureland. The soil is fertile. It is mainly humus.History
Origin of the name
Kamianka was first mentioned in 1441. It used to bear the name of Dymoszyn and was the property of Jerzy Strumillo. The city was named Kamianka after huge stone blocks, which are probably erratic, located in the local fields and in the neighbouring fields in the west. The Strumilowa cognomen was added to pay homage to Jerzy Strumillo, the city owner. Jerzy Strumillo, who was the city of Lviv chamberlain, granted the village of Kamianka the civic rights. In the year of 1471 he also founded and furnished the Latin rite church and the parish in Kamianka.Charters
The kings who ruled the country chartered the city over the centuries. These are the most important charters:- the charter of 1509 - Sigismund I, the king, restored the Magdeburg Law,
- the charter of 1539 – on the strength of it, duties were imposed on wine which was taken abroad; the money which the city made was to cover the costs of buildings and the city walls repairs,
- the charter of 1578, laid down by Stefan, the king of Poland, sets the standards of the Drohobycz salt ingredients. It also binds the merchants who take the salt to the Volyn region to stay in the city for three days,
- In the year of 1589, Sigismund III Vasa, the king, sanctioned the agreement between the city inhabitants and the Jews, which permitted Jews to settle down in the city, to purchase properties and to trade. The guilds of furriers and shoemakers were granted rights by the same king, who also accepted the products of weavers, blacksmiths and of the guilds which were already mentioned. Jan Pruchnicki, the archbishop of Lviv, permitted Jews to raise a synagogue in the city. He did it in compliance with the law and the rules by his predecessors,
- the charter of 1642 – it made the starosty permit the city inhabitants to fish with fishing rods, with fishing- and troll-nets in the local ponds. At the same time, this charter forced the inhabitants to net the fish and participate in hunts, which were organized twice a year. There was an exception: they were not forced to do this work when a king or his representatives wanted to hunt on their own.
Reports
City status
Kamianka used to be 'the royal city'. It was also ‘starostwo niegrodowe’. Until the Partitions of Poland, it was part of the Lwow Land, Ruthenian Voivodeship.Starosts
The following men were the starosts in Kamianka:- Piotr Zborowski – he was also the voivode in Kraków,
- Spytek Jordan of Melsztyn – he was also the castellan in Kraków,
- Michał Wiśniowiecki, the prince,
- Stanisław Żółkiewski,
- Gorajski – he was also the castellan in Chełm,
- Stanisław Radziejowski,
- Michał Rzewuski – the Podolia voivode and the starost in Drohowyze and Zydaczow cities,
- Franciszka née Cetner.
Starosty area
Found artifacts
People used to come across weapons, clay utensils and other artifacts of archaeological value in Kamianka. For example, an ancient sabre with the blade curved and the iron hilt, a cinenary urn were found there. Now, they are the exhibits in the Ossolinski Museum in Lviv.Demographics
According to the census of 1880 there were 3751 residents in this city and in the suburb of Podzamcze. 1096 people lived in the Belzkie suburb, 756 in the Lwowskie and 684 in the Zabuzanskie suburbs. Then: 5,701 inhabitants; of which 590 were Roman Catholic, 1641 Greek Catholic, 56 non-catholic, 2820 Jewish. During World War II, Jews of the town were murdered in mass execution perpetrated by an einsatzgruppen.Culture
Kamianka-Buzka is considered the birthplace of the Ukrainian theatre, with the first theatrical productions by Jakub Gawat presented on the city market in 1619. In 1914 the town was the first place where Ivan Franko's drama "Stolen Happiness" was shown to public.The Polish writer Stefan Grabiński was born there in 1887.
Economy
Industry
In the late 19th century, farmers formed the majority of the city population. The group of craftsmen was mainly formed by shoemakers, tailors, blacksmiths, weavers, carpenters and potters. The stream-mill and the stream-sawmill contributed significantly to the development of the local industry. There was also an alcohol distillery, a brewery and a standard brick-yard. The local sawmill produced pine-, oak- and ash- boards and flooring blocks. It used 2300 cubic meters of wood for 1500 cubic meters of the final product. There used to be a famous tan-yard in the beginning of the 19th century. Later, the tanning industry was not so common. In the 16th century, they used to make swords in this city. In the same century, there used to be a famous weaving-mill here. We can learn from the book of rights granted to the city in 1589 by the king of Poland, Sigismund III Vasa, that the following guilds operated in Kamianka Strumilowa: the guild of furriers, shoemakers, weavers, blacksmiths, tinsel-makers, locksmiths, coopers, fishermen, armourers, paper-mill workers, haberdashers, carpenters and turners. In the late 19th century, some of these guilds did not exist, some deteriorated. Actually, the entire local industry deteriorated. The residents used to make a lot of money from fishery. They fished for eels in the Bug River. The fishermen were granted special privileges by the city government. Those days, there were not any local fish-breeding ponds so the city ceased to make profits on this branch. People used to put rafts into the Bug river. Those days, people did not engage themselves in this activity. They did not engage much in trade either. Local fairs and markets were modest and insignificant. Those days, trade was carried on mainly by Jews. They sold cattle, salt, grain, lumber in the main. They sold also a small amount of fish. Markets were held every Tuesday and Friday. Fairs were held on January 19; on May 8; on September 10. The city assets equalled 162.148 Polish zloty and the liabilities 233 Polish zloty. The city revenue was 7740 Polish zloty in the year of 1881.Transport
Kamianka-Buzka lies on the H17 Lviv-Radekhiv-Lutsk road. There are also 2 railway stations in the city.Institutions and monuments
There are municipal and district authorities buildings, a tax-collector's office, a district court, a notary office, a committee of appraisal office, a district council building, a post and a telegraph offices in Kamianka. There is a five-grade school for boys with full-time teachers and a chemist's shop. Two physicians and two surgeons lived here in the late 19th century.There are were also Roman Catholic parish offices which belong to Lviv archdioceses. The Roman Catholic parish belongs to Glinianski deanery. 38 villages belong to this parish. These villages are: Batiatycze, Berbeki, Budki, Czertynie, Dalnicz, Dernow, Gaik, Henrykowka, Horajec, Jagonin, Jazienica Polska, Jazienica Ruska, Ignacowka, Konstantowka, Krasicze, Krzywulanka, Kupiczwola, Lany Niemieckie, Lany Polskie, Lapajowka, Maziarnia Gogulowa, Maziarnia Kamionecka, Neudorf, Nowystaw, Obydow, Podrudne, Podzamcze, Rozanka, Ruda, Sapiezanka, Sokole, Tlumacz, Turki, Zbaniow, Zbronce, Zdeszow, Zubow Most, Zeldec. The Greek Catholic parish has its branch in Sapiezanka and it belongs to Busk deanery. There is an old brick church of 1471. The church was founded by Jerzy Strumillo, who was the city of Lviv chamberlain. There are two Orthodox churches. The parochial Orthodox church, dedicated to Our Lady Nativity, is located in the city. The latter church, which is a branch, is situated in the suburb and is dedicated to St. Nicholas. The new Orthodox church was consecrated by Sylvester Sembratovych, the bishop. The consecration was celebrated on September 20, 1882. We can learn from the Kamianka starosty inspection book of 1766 that, according to the statement of a parish-priest, there used to be a small church dedicated to the Holy Ghost in the Belzkie suburb near the gate off the Glinisko field. Glinisko is the name of a ploughland which exists to the present day. Some local grounds belonged to this church. It was burnt down during the Tartarian raids. A hospital and four cottages stood on the church spot at the times of the inspection mentioned. The same book mentions also an Orthodox church and a small Orthodox monastery of the Basilian nuns in Kamianka. These were dedicated to the Annunciation of Our Lady. The church and the monastery were founded by the city. The nearby garden belonged to the monastery. In Kamianka, there was a gmina loan society with the capital of 1977 Polish zloty.
Today there are 5 kindergartens, three schools and a vocational school in Kamianka-Buzka.