Kamarhati
Kamarhati is a city and a municipality of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is close to Kolkata and also a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority.
History
Kamarhati was earlier a part of North Suburban Municipality. In 1881-82 it was renamed Baranagar Municipality and Kamarhati became a part of it. In 1899, Kamarhati was separated from Baranagar Municipality and Kamarhati Municipality came into existence.During the British Raj it was a place for bungalows and gardens where the rich 'Babu' of Kolkata used to come.
With the partition of Bengal in 1947, "millions of refugees poured in from erstwhile East Pakistan." In the initial stages bulk of the refugees were non-agriculturists. A few of them made their own arrangements, but "it was squatters who made the East Bengali refugees famous or infamous." Squatting ranged from the forcible occupation of barracks to the collective take-over of private, government and waste land. By 1949, there were 65 refugee colonies in the Dum Dum and Panihati zone. The squatters were in a way "self-settlers" in the absence of adequate official arrangements for rehabilitation. Within a very short time the refugees not only found a place to stay but developed a society with markets, schools, temples and sometimes even colleges, hospitals and recreational centres.
Geography
Location
Kamarhati is located at. Neighbourhoods such as Belgharia, Ariadaha and Dakshineswar are part of this Municipality. The Kamarhati Municipality is located at Rathtala on B.T. Road. The sacred Dakshineshwar Kali Temple is situated in Kamarhati Municipal area.Kamarhati is bounded by Khardaha and Panihati on the north, North Dumdum on the east, Baranagar on the south and the Hooghly River on the west.
96% of the population of Barrackpore subdivision lives in urban areas. In 2011, it had a density of population of 10,967 per km2. The subdivision has 16 municipalities and 24 census towns.
For most of the cities/ towns information regarding density of population is available in the Infobox. Population data is not available for neighbourhoods. It is available for the entire Municipal area and thereafter ward-wise.
Police station
police station under Barrackpore Police Commissionerate has jurisdiction over Kamarhati Municipal area.Demographics
Population
As per the 2011 Census of India, Kamarhati had a total population of 330,211, of which 170,293 were males and 159,918 were females. Population below 6 years was 25,350. The total number of literates in Kamarhati was 267,267.India census, Kamarhati had a population of 314,334. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Kamarhati has an average literacy rate of 77%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 81% and female literacy is 72%. In Kamarhati, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Kolkata Urban Agglomeration
The following Municipalities, Census Towns and other locations in Barrackpore subdivision were part of Kolkata Urban Agglomeration in the 2011 census: Kanchrapara, Jetia, Halisahar, Balibhara, Naihati, Bhatpara, Kaugachhi, Garshyamnagar, Garulia, Ichhapur Defence Estate, North Barrackpur, Barrackpur Cantonment, Barrackpore, Jafarpur, Ruiya, Titagarh, Khardaha, Bandipur, Panihati, Muragachha New Barrackpore, Chandpur, Talbandha, Patulia, Kamarhati, Baranagar, South Dumdum, North Dumdum, Dum Dum, Noapara, Babanpur, Teghari, Nanna, Chakla, Srotribati and Panpur.Infrastructure
As per the District Census Handbook 2011, Kamarhati Municipal city covered an area of 10.96 km2. Amongst the civic amenities it had both open and covered drains. Amongst the educational facilities It had 97 primary schools, 39 secondary schools, 21 senior secondary schools, 2 degree colleges for arts/science/commerce and 20 non-formal education centres. Amongst the social, recreational and cultural facilities it had 1 cinema/theatre, 3 auditorium/ community halls and 30 public libraries. It had 15 bank branches.According to Barrackpore administration, the educational facilities available in Kamarhati are: 97 primary schools, 20 secondary schools, 18 private English-medium schools, 21 higher secondary schools and 2 degree colleges. Medical facilities are: College of Medicine & Sagore Dutta Hospital at Kamarhati, ESI Hospital at Kamarhati, Sri Ramkrishna Matrimangal at Ariadaha, Sahid Khudiram Health Institute at Belgharia and Arogya at Belgharia. Amongst the other facilities are: 268.95 km of roads, 456.17 km drains, 16 markets, 3 post offices, 8 sub post offices, 3 cinema halls, 30 libraries, 1 ferry ghat, 24 play grounds, 1 electric crematorium, 2 burning ghats and 2 Muslim burial grounds. 22,533 houses have water connection and there are 595 street taps.
See also Cities and towns in Barrackpore subdivision
Economy
Industry
Some of the industries in Kamarhati are:- Texmaco Rail and Engineering Ltd., with five manufacturing units. Founded in 1939 by K.K. Birla, it is now the flagship company of the Adventz Group, headed by Saroj Poddar.
- Kamarhatty Company Ltd., founded in 1877 by Jardine Henderson Ltd., is one of the oldest functioning composite jute mills in the world. It is now part of the Kamarhatty Group, under the leadership of B.P. Agarwal.
- Agarpara Jute Mills caters to both foreign and Indian markets.
- Prabartak Jute Mills Ltd., incorporated in 1935, is presently headed by Brij Mohan Mall.
- NTC Industries Ltd., incorporated in 1931 as the National Tobacco Company of India, is one of the oldest manufacturer of cigarettes in India. The present management team is composed of Upamanyu Pathak, Gourav Somani and others.
- TIL Ltd, established in 1944, it is one of the leading material handling, lifting and port equipment designers and manufacturers in India. Sumit Mazumdar is the Chairman and Managing Director.
- WIMCO, a Swedish match company, which established in the 1920s a factory at Dakshineswar, was taken over by ITC Limited in 2011.
- ESSDEE Aluminium, the pioneers and one of the largest producers of aluminium foils in Asia, was initially established as Venesta Foils in 1905 at Kamarhati.
- Allied Ceramics Private Limited, manufacturer and exporter of high and low tension porcetrical poceleilain insulators etc. was established at Belgharia in 1977.
- Emami Paper Mills Ltd. manufactures newsprint from waste paper. It is one the larger producers of newsprint in the country. It has two plants – one at Dakshineswar and the other at Balgopalpur, Balasore.
KMDA
Transport
Rail
Kamarhati has one important rail station nearby on Sealdah-Ranaghat line by the Eastern Railway suburban network: Belgharia railway station.Road
The B.T. Road which passes through the heart of the town provides ample road transport. Additionally other roads are there for smooth transport, like Feeder Road, D.D. Mondal Ghat Road etc.Education
There are many schools in this locality like Ariadaha Kalachand High School, Ariadaha Sarbamangala Balika vidyalaya, Belgharia High School, Belgharia Mahakali Uchcha Balika Vidyalaya, Dakshineswar High School, Ariadaha Girls' High School, Kamarhati High School, Kamarhati Sagar Dutta free high school, Belgharia Deshapriya Vidyalaya etc. There some private schools like Techno India Group school, Adamas International School etc.Bhairab Ganguly College was established at Belgharia in 1968. It offers honours courses in Bengali, English, Sanskrit, Hindi, Urdu, history, philosophy, political science, geography, education, physical education, physics, chemistry, mathematics, botany, zoology, physiology, economics, electronics, computer science, accountancy and general BA, BSc and B Com courses.
Hiralal Mazumdar Memorial College for Women was established at Dakshineswar in 1959. It offers honours courses in Bengali, English, Sanskrit, sociology, history, political science, philosophy, education, journalism, music, geography, economics, zoology, botany, food & nutrition, psychology, chemistry and general courses in BA and B Sc.
Adyapeath Annada Polytechnic College, Ramkrishna Mission Shilpapitha etc.
Healthcare
has been started by the Government of West Bengal in 2010 and MBBS course was started in 2011. The hospital functions with 131 beds.ESI Hospital, Kamarhati, functions with 350 beds.
Ariadaha Hospital is another important hospital.
North 24 Parganas district has been identified as one of the areas where ground water is affected by arsenic contamination.