Kaiser window


The Kaiser window, also known as the Kaiser–Bessel window, was developed by James Kaiser at Bell Laboratories. It is a one-parameter family of window functions used in finite impulse response filter design and spectral analysis. The Kaiser window approximates the DPSS window which maximizes the energy concentration in the main lobe but which is difficult to compute.

Definition

The Kaiser window and its Fourier transform are given by:
where:
For digital signal processing, the function can be sampled symmetrically as:
where the length of the window is and N can be even or odd.
In the Fourier transform, the first null after the main lobe occurs at which is just in units of N. As α increases, the main lobe increases in width, and the side lobes decrease in amplitude. = 0 corresponds to a rectangular window. For large the shape of the Kaiser window tends to a Gaussian curve. The Kaiser window is nearly optimal in the sense of its peak's concentration around frequency 0.

Kaiser–Bessel-derived (KBD) window

A related window function is the Kaiser–Bessel-derived window, which is designed to be suitable for use with the modified discrete cosine transform. The KBD window function is defined in terms of the Kaiser window of length N+1, by the formula:
This defines a window of length 2N, where by construction dn satisfies the Princen-Bradley condition for the MDCT : . The KBD window is also symmetric in the proper manner for the MDCT: dn = d2N−1−n.

Applications

The KBD window is used in the Advanced Audio Coding digital audio format.