Born in Cheshire, Connecticut as the son of Matthew Bellamy and his wife Sarah Wood, he graduated from Yale in 1735 and studied theology for a time under Jonathan Edwards in Northampton, Massachusetts. He was licensed to preach when scarcely eighteen years old, and from 1740 until his death was pastor of the Congregational church at Bethlehem, Connecticut. Of his 22 books, the best known was True Religion Delineated, which won for him a high reputation as a theologian and was reprinted several times both in England and America. Despite the fact that with the exception of the period of the Great Awakening, when he preached as an itinerant in several neighboring colonies, his active labors were confined to his own parish, his influence on the religious thought of his time in America was probably surpassed only by that of his old friend and teacher Jonathan Edwards. This influence was due not only to his publications, but also to the school or classes for the training of clergymen which he conducted for many years at his home and from which went forth scores of preachers to every part of New England and the middle colonies. In Western Connecticut, Old Light Congregationalism was more popular than New Light, and Bellamy faced opposition from many of his fellow ministers in the area. One minister, Gideon Hawley, wrote to Bellamy in 1763, asserting, "I don't know of but two clergymen however in the country that appear to like your principles." Bellamy's system of divinity was in general similar to that of Edwards. During the American War of Independence he was loyal to the American cause. The University of Aberdeen conferred upon him the honorary degree of D.D. in 1768. He was a powerful and dramatic preacher. Bellamy married as his first wife Frances Sherman of New Haven, Connecticut, by whom he had eight children, including David Bellamy, a prominent local merchant and Connecticut legislator. After her death in 1785, Rev. Joseph Bellamy married in 1786 as his second wife Abiah Leavitt Storrs, who had previously been married to Rev. Freegrace Leavitt and Rev. Andrew Storrs. Joseph Bellamy's son David married Silence Leavitt, daughter of another prominent local merchant and legislator, David Leavitt.
Estimations of Bellamy
The day Bellamy died, the ReverendEzra Stiles, an Old Light minister and a longtime critic of Bellamy, gave this negative assessment of the man: According to an article in the Boston Evening Transcript in 1935, Bellamy contributed quite a lot to the town of Bethlehem:
