Johnson County was created in 1836 from parts of Carter County. This followed several years of bickering over the location of Carter County's seat, with residents of what is now Johnson County arguing that travel to Elizabethton was too lengthy and difficult. When their petition to move the seat to a more central location was rejected, they petitioned the state legislature for the creation of a new county. The new county was named after Thomas Johnson, an early settler. The county seat was initially named "Taylorsville" in honor of Colonel James P. Taylor. Most Johnson Countians supported the Union during the Civil War. The county's residents rejected secession by a margin of 788 to 111 in Tennessee's secession referendum on June 8, 1861. The county sent a sizable delegation to the Greeneville session of the pro-Union East Tennessee Convention in June 1861. Due in large part to the county's remoteness, the railroads did not reach Johnson until the early 20th century. The arrival of the railroads during this period aided the development of the timber and manganese mining industries.
Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of, of which is land and is water. Situated entirely within the Blue Ridge Mountains, Johnson County is relatively rugged and hilly. The county's boundary with Sullivan County to the northwest is defined as the ridgeline of Holston Mountain, while the Iron Mountains provide the county's boundary with Carter County to the southwest. Snake Mountain, at, is the county's highest point.
High elevation
In terms of average elevation, Johnson County is one of the highest counties in Tennessee. The county is home to the two highest communities in the state: Trade, at, and Shady Valley, at. Mountain City is the highest incorporated city in Tennessee, at. The lowest point in the county is Watauga Lake, at an elevation of.
As of the census of 2000, there were 17,499 people, 6,827 households, and 4,751 families residing in the county. The population density was 59 people per square mile. There were 7,879 housing units at an average density of 26 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 96.40% White, 2.42% Black or African American, 0.34% Native American, 0.12% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.23% from other races, and 0.46% from two or more races. 0.86% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 6,827 households out of which 26.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.40% were married couplesliving together, 10.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.40% were non-families. 26.40% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.81. In the county, the population was spread out with 19.70% under the age of 18, 7.40% from 18 to 24, 30.80% from 25 to 44, 27.10% from 45 to 64, and 15.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 114.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 114.40 males. The median income for a household in the county was $23,067, and the median income for a family was $28,400. Males had a median income of $24,018 versus $18,817 for females. The per capita income for the county was $13,388. About 18.70% of families and 22.60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.80% of those under age 18 and 21.50% of those age 65 or over. Male inmates in the Northeast Correctional Complex, southwest of Mountain City, account for 1,299 of the county's population.
Communities
Town
Mountain City
Unincorporated communities
Butler
Dewey
Doe Valley
Doeville
Crandull
Laurel Bloomery
Maymead
Midway
Neva
Pandora
Shady Valley
Sutherland
Trade
Politics
Johnson County is historically Republican and is located within Tennessee's 1st congressional district, which has not been represented by a Democrat in over 120 years. The county has never been carried by a Democratic presidential candidate. It was reportedly the strongest county for Calvin Coolidge in 1924, Herbert Hoover in 1932 and the second strongest behind Jackson County, Kentucky for Alf Landon in 1936. The Republican candidate has consistently won since 1916, during which period no Republican candidate has received less than 57 percent of the county's vote, whilst in 2008 John McCain received 70.1 percent.
